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    Navier Stokes Equation Lecture

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    Hassan Zahid
    The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are derived from Newton's second law. They consist of terms for inertia, pressure, viscosity, and external forces. The continuity equation represents conservation of mass. Together, they can predict velocity and pressure fields for a given geometry and boundary conditions. Simplifications are made depending on flow properties like Reynolds and Mach numbers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Navier Stokes Equation Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Zahid
    332 views10 pages
    The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are derived from Newton's second law. They consist of terms for inertia, pressure, viscosity, and external forces. The continuity equation represents conservation of mass. Together, they can predict velocity and pressure fields for a given geometry and boundary conditions. Simplifications are made depending on flow properties like Reynolds and Mach numbers.

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    The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are derived from Newton's second law. They consist of terms for inertia, pressure, viscosity, and external forces. The continuity equation represents conservation of mass. Together, they can predict velocity and pressure fields for a given geometry and boundary conditions. Simplifications are made depending on flow properties like Reynolds and Mach numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    332 views10 pages

    Navier Stokes Equation Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Zahid
    The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are derived from Newton's second law. They consist of terms for inertia, pressure, viscosity, and external forces. The continuity equation represents conservation of mass. Together, they can predict velocity and pressure fields for a given geometry and boundary conditions. Simplifications are made depending on flow properties like Reynolds and Mach numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Navier-Stokes Equations

    The Navier-Stokes equations govern the motion of fluids and can be


    seen as Newton's second law of motion for fluids. In the case of a
    compressible Newtonian fluid, this yields

    • where u is the fluid velocity, p is the fluid pressure, ρ is the fluid


    density, and μ is the fluid dynamic viscosity.
    • The different terms correspond to the inertial forces (1), pressure
    forces (2), viscous forces (3), and the external forces applied to
    the fluid (4).
    Navier-Stokes Equations
     These equations are always solved together with the continuity
    equation:

     The Navier-Stokes equations represent the conservation of


    momentum
     The continuity equation represents the conservation of mass.
     Solving them, for a particular set of boundary conditions (such
    as inlets, outlets, and walls), predicts the fluid velocity and its
    pressure in a given geometry
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    • Depending on the flow regime of interest, it is often possible to


    simplify these equations.

    • In other cases, additional equations may be required.

    • In the field of fluid dynamics, the different flow regimes are


    categorized using a non-dimensional number, such as the
    Reynolds number and the Mach number.
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers

    • The Reynolds number, Re=ρUL/μ, corresponds to the ratio of inertial


    forces (1) to viscous forces (3)

    • Low Reynolds number flows are laminar, while higher Reynolds


    number flows are turbulent.
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers

    • The Mach number, M=U/c, corresponds to the ratio of the fluid


    velocity, U, to the speed of sound in that fluid, c
    • The Mach number measures the flow compressibility.
    • Example, Re = 100 and M = 0.001, which means that the flow is
    laminar and incompressible
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers


    • For incompressible flows, the continuity equation yields:

    • Because the divergence of the velocity is equal to zero, we can


    remove the term:

    • from the viscous force term in the NS equations in the case of


    incompressible flow.
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers

    • Low Reynolds Number/Creeping Flow: When the Reynolds


    number is very small (Re≪1) , the inertial forces (1) are very small
    compared to the viscous forces (3) and they can be neglected when solving
    the NS equations.
    • High Reynolds Number/Turbulent Flow: In engineering
    applications where the Reynolds number is very high, the inertial forces (1)
    are much larger than the viscous forces (3).
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers


    • Incompressible Flow
     When the Mach number is very low (M<0.3), it is OK to assume that the
    flow is incompressible.
     This is often a good approximation for liquids, which are much
    less compressible than gases. In that case, the density is
    assumed to be constant and the continuity equation reduces
    to ∇⋅u=0.
     The creeping flow example showing water flowing at a low speed
    through the porous media is a good example of incompressible
    flow.
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers


    • Compressible Flow
     In some cases, the flow velocity is large enough to introduce significant
    changes in the density and temperature of the fluid.
     These changes can be neglected for M<0.3. For M>0.3, however, the
    coupling between the velocity, pressure, and temperature field becomes so
    strong that the NS and continuity equations need to be solved together with
    the energy equation (the equation for heat transfer in fluids).
     The energy equation predicts the temperature in the fluid, which is needed to
    compute its temperature-dependent material properties.
    Navier-Stokes Equations
    Different Flavors of the Navier-Stokes Equations

    About the Reynolds and Mach Numbers


    • Compressible Flow
     Compressible flow can be laminar or turbulent.
     Example: A high-speed turbulent gas flow in a converging and diverging
    nozzle.

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