Education System in America Nhom 14

The education
system in
America
Table of contents
1 3
The establishment of Educating the individual and Racial

public school equality in education
2 4
Attending an American The responsibilities of public

university schools
The establishment of
1 public school
Educational Institutions
● The nation’s basic value: the ideal

of equality of opportunity
Everyone deserves an equal

opportunity to get good education
Basic system of public schools
Established in 1825
Reaffirmed the principle of equality by
● Making schools open to all classes of
Americans
● Financing the schools with tax money
collected from all citizens
Help reduce social class distinctions
De Tocqueville’s observations
Alexis de Tocqueville
• a French political scientist, historian and
politician
• best known for democracy in America in
the early 19th century
• Found a great deal of enthusiasm about
the new and growing public elementary
schools
• “ Education- the extension of out public

schools – a national blessing”
• The tendency of public education to encourage people to seek a

higher status in life was in harmony with, not in conflict with, the
customs of American society.
• The ideal of equal opportunity for all regardless of family

background was much stronger in the US than in France
American public education:
 Has strong practical content that included the teaching of
vocational skills and the duties of citizenship
 Give Americans the desire to better themselves and the
practical tools to do so
 Provide material rewards for those for those who took full
advantage of the opportunity for public education
Public schools
During the next century and a half

● Elementary schools
● Middle schools
● Secondary or high schools ( grades 9-12)
● Colleges and universities: undergraduate and graduate studies
The educational ladder
Public school
Elementary school College graduate

Graduate programs
6 years
Kindergarten Middle-school: 2 years

Pre-school program High school: 4 years
Age 3-4
Public school system
 All school systems have 12 years of elementary, middle school
and senior high school
 College -> Bachelor’s degree ( college diploma)

Professional studies-> Master’s and doctor degrees
 All elementary and secondary level ( high school) are free and open
Public universities charge tuition and have competitive entrance requirements
Education ladder concept
Individual success based on equality of opportunity and
on “ working your way to the way”
One system that is open to all
Individuals may climb as high on the ladder they can

Private religious
schools
Schools that are associated with
particular churches : Catholic schools
Elite private schools
 Serve mainly upper-class children

 Have high tuition cost
 Conflict with the American ideal of
equality of opportunity
> 90%
Money for schools come from local level,
primarily from property taxes
Inequality of $7,000
funds Per child in a wealthy suburb
$1,200
Per child attending an inner-city school or
one in a poor rural are
Attending an American
2 university
Money is also increasingly a factor in a college
education.
● All student must pay tuition expands in the

US
● Public universities offer more options due

to lower tuition rates compared to private
ones.
● Many students struggle to attend public

universities due to the high costs of
purchasing books and living away from
home.
The middle-class family suffers the most from the rising
tuition costs.
● Family income may be high enough for financial aid but not enough
to afford $15000-35000 per year for private college education
● Many students who cannot afford to attend college attend

community college programs for two years in their hometowns
The percentage of American seeking a college education
continues to go despite its costs
● In 1900, less than 10% of college-age Americans entered college
● Today, 15 million college students attend, six times more than 50

years ago, with 3000 colleges and universities to choose.
Harvard, a prestigious private university, serves as a prime
example for many.
● Before WWII, Harvard students predominantly attended elite private

preparatory schools.
● Before WW2, Harvard admitted about 90% of those who applied.

The money value of education
● American success is often linked to wealth acquisition and a high

standard of living, making education highly valued in the country.
● The most highly valued degree is an undergraduate university degree

or professional degree like medicine or law.
The United States job market has undergone
significant changes in recent years.
● Historically, high-paying factory jobs were achievable without a

college education, as workers with vocational skills could perform
work without requiring a college education.
● New US jobs often require college or graduate degrees and are

low-paying in the service sector, such as fast-food restaurants,
small stores, and hotels.
Educating the individual and
3 Racial equality in education.
Educating the
individual
American schools tend to put more
emphasis on developing critical
thinking skills than they do on
acquiring quantities of facts.
● a large number of extracurricular activities (activities outside
classroom studies) are added to daily life at school
Athletic
• Frequently called competitive
sport
• The most important of all
extracurricular activities
• Team sports such as football,
basketball, and baseball are
important because they teach
students the “winning spirit”.
Student government
● Another extracurricular activity

designed to develop competitive,
political, and social skills in students
● The students choose a number of

student government officers, who
competes for the votes of their fellow
students in school elections.
Another extracurricular activities
● Clubs and activities for almost every student
such as: interest-art, music, drama, debate,
foreign languages, photography, volunteer,…..
● aimed at helping the student to become more
successful in later life.
RACIAL EQUALITY
AND EDUCATION
● After civil war, blacks were prevented
from attending white schools
according to the social and legal
system in the southern states.
● In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that racial
segregation in public schools and facilities in the
southern states did not violate the Constitution.
● However, Justice John Marshall Harlan opposed this
decision.
● In 1954, the Supreme Court reached a significant
verdict, concurring with Justice Harlan's viewpoint
Solutions
● Over a period of 20 years, Americans
attempted different approaches to achieve
racial balance in public schools.
● Black students were bused to majority

white schools and vice serva for the
purpose of balancing races in the school
● Setting up a new type of school called "magnet school" in black
neighborhood benefited students by creating special programs.
● Some schools took available places for blacks and minorities.
● In the Bakke Case of 1978, Allen Bakke, a white student,
challenged minority quotas in admission to the medical school at
the University of California.
● The Court ruled that professional schools could not reserve
specific spots solely for minority students as it violated equal
educational opportunity.
The responsibilities of
4 public schools
The increasing responsibilities of public
schools
Americans place the weight of many of their ideas, hopes and
problems on the public schools:
Public schools are expected to

solve problems resulted from Challenges from immigr
ant children.
external factors.
The standards movement
American students do not

perform as well as students
from other countries
The standards movement
Government have become more involved
in determining school standard
Multicultural education
The changing population of students in America schools has brought
some changes
Before:
● Focusing too much on events of Anglo-Europeans or white male

● Ignored the contributions of African-Americans, Latinos, native Americans
● Telling history from perspectives of Anglo-Europeans only
Multicultural education
The changing population of students in America schools has brought
some changes
After:
● Adding information and literature to textbooks

● Publishing curriculum that is reflective of the diversity of
students who study it
● Telling history from other backgrounds perspectives
Thanks for
listening!
Q&A
1. Money is becoming an increasingly significant factor
in a college education in the United States.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
2. How does the American perception of success relate to the value placed
on education, and how has the job market evolved in recent years in the
United States?
A. Americans do not value education for its monetary worth.

B. The money value of graduate degrees in non-professional fields is higher than
professional degrees.
C. In the past, high-paying factory jobs did not require a college education.
D. Many new jobs in the United States now require a college education or even a
graduate degree, while others are low-paying jobs in the service sector.
3. Why do some people believe American students may not perform as well
in math, science, and other subjects compared to students from other
developed countries?
A. Lack of access to educational resources

B. High student-to-teacher ratios
C. American students' lazyness
D. Low education standards
4. How has the role of the federal government changed regarding education
standards in the United States since the 1990s?
A. They have reduced their involvement in education.

B. They have become more involved in determining school standards.
C. They have solely focused on local community school districts.
D. They have limited their supervision to math and science subjects.
5. “American schools tend to put more emphasis on acquiring
quantities of facts than they do on developing critical thinking
skills.”
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
“American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing critica

thinking skills than they do on acquiring quantities of facts.”
6. Who controls the public school?
A. Individual states
B. The federal government
C. All the states
7. America public education is noted that it:
A. has strong practical content that included the teaching of vocational skills
and the duties of citizenship
B. gave Americans the desire to better themselves and the practical tools to do
so
C. provide material rewards for those for those who took full advantage of
the opportunity for public education
D. All the answers above are correct.
8. Elite private schools serve mainly upper-class
children and conflict with the American ideal of
equality of opportunity.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

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The education

The establishment of Educating the individual and Racial

Attending an American The responsibilities of public

● The nation’s basic value: the ideal

Everyone deserves an equal

• “ Education- the extension of out public

• The tendency of public education to encourage people to seek a

• The ideal of equal opportunity for all regardless of family

During the next century and a half

Elementary school College graduate

Kindergarten Middle-school: 2 years

 College -> Bachelor’s degree ( college diploma)

One system that is open to all

Individuals may climb as high on the ladder they can

 Serve mainly upper-class children

● All student must pay tuition expands in the

● Public universities offer more options due

● Many students struggle to attend public

● Many students who cannot afford to attend college attend

● In 1900, less than 10% of college-age Americans entered college

● Today, 15 million college students attend, six times more than 50

● Before WWII, Harvard students predominantly attended elite private

● Before WW2, Harvard admitted about 90% of those who applied.

● American success is often linked to wealth acquisition and a high

● The most highly valued degree is an undergraduate university degree

● Historically, high-paying factory jobs were achievable without a

● New US jobs often require college or graduate degrees and are

● Another extracurricular activity

● The students choose a number of

● Black students were bused to majority

Public schools are expected to

American students do not

● Focusing too much on events of Anglo-Europeans or white male

● Adding information and literature to textbooks

A. Americans do not value education for its monetary worth.

A. Lack of access to educational resources

A. They have reduced their involvement in education.

“American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing critica

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