Introdution To HTML

INTRODUCTION
TO HTML
HTML CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
OBJECTIVE OF HTML
WORLD WIDE WEB
HTML TOOLS
HTML TERMINOLGY
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
SAVING AN D VIEWING A HTML DOCUMENT
TEXT TEGS
SPECIAL CHARTACTER
ADVANTAGES OF HTML
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create
document on the World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of
certain key words called ‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the
document to be displayed using a browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be used
on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so
on. To display a document in web it is essential to mark-up the
different e l eme n t s ( headings , paragraphs, tables, and so
on) of the document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up
document user has to open the document in a browser.
A browser understands and interpret the HTML tags,
identifies the structure of the document (which part are
which) and makes decision about presentation (how
the parts look) of the document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look
attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User
can make a link to the other document or the different
section of the same document by creating Hypertext
Links also known as Hyperlinks
OBJECTIVE OF HTML
 create, save and view a HTML document

 format a web page using section heading
tags
 describe Ordered and Unordered lists
 explain graphics in HTML document
 describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
WORLD WIDE WEB
The World Wide Web (abbreviated

as WWW or W3 and commonly known
as the Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet. With a web browser, one
can view web pages that may contain text,
images, videos, and other multimedia and
navigate between them via hyperlinks.
HTML TOOLS
There are two tools of HTML.
a)HTML Editor: it is the program that one
uses to create and save HTML documents.
They fall into two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows
one to see the HTML code as one is
creating a document.e.g. Notepad.
- Netscape composer
HTML TOOLS
b) Web Browser: it is the program that one uses
to view and test the HTML documents. They
translate Html encoded files into
text,image,sounds and other features user see.
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mosaic
Chrome are examples of browsers that enables
user to view text and images and many more
other World Wide Web featueres. They are
software that must be installed on user computer.
HTML TERMINOLGY
Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
a)Tag: Tags are always written within
angles brackets. it is a piece of text is used
to identify an element so that the browser
realizes how to display its
contents.e.g.<HTML> tag indicates the
start of an HTML document .HTML tag
can be two types. They are:-
HTML TERMINOLGY
-Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag
if text is placed between a tag and its
companions tag.In paired tag ,the first tag is
referred to as opening tag and the second tag
is referred to as closing tag.
-Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not
have a companion tag .unpaired tag also
known as singular or Stand-Alone
tags.e.g: ,<hr> etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that specified in the
opening angle brackets. It supplies additional information like
color,size,home font-style etc to the browser about a tag. E.g. most of
the common attributes are height, color,width,src,border,align etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules written in
standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML).HTML is define in
terms of its DTDS. All the details of HTML tags, entities and related
document structure are defined in the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s structure
such as a title, a paragraph or a list. It can include an opening and a
closing tag and the contents within it.
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML
DOCUMENT
The essential tags that are required to
create a HTML document are:
<HTML>.............</HTML>
<HEAD>.............</HEAD>
<BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML TAG <HTML>
The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text within
your document. It is an optional tag. You can create an HTML document
that omits these tags, and your browser can still read it and display it. But it
is always a good form to include the start and stop tags.The format is:
<HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here
</HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag. The
closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.
AN HTML DOCUMENT HAS TWO
DISTINCT PARTS HEAD AND
BODY
<HTML>
<HEAD>
.............
.............
</HEAD>
<BODY>
.............
.............
</BODY>
</HTML>
HEAD TAG <HEAD>
HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It
contains TITLE tag to give the document a title that
displays on the browsers title bar at the top. The
Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY TAG <BODY>
The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document with all the HTML tags
that are used for control and formatting of the page.The Format is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,

Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH
<BODY>
BGCOLOR: document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document
Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color
<BODY>
MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document
LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
<BODY>
BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an
image file (the files with an
extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as the
background of the document. The image file
will be tiled across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>
FOLLOW THE STEPS TO
CREATE AND VIEW IN
BROWSER
Step-1: Star t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
SAVING AND VIEWING A
H T M L DOCUMENT
Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html

(go to File-Save As give File name:
myfirstpage.html-choose save as type: All
Files-click save)
Step-4: Viewing document in web browser
(open Internet Explorer-click on File-
Open-Browse-select the file
myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok
TEXT TEGS
Text tag are dividing into two categories as:

-Character-level tags and attributes which
applies to formatting of individual letters or
words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which
apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
CHARACTER
FORMATTING TAG
The character formatting tags are used to
specify how a particular text should be
displayed on the screen to distinguish
certain characters within the document.
THE MOST COMMON
CHARACTER
FORMATTING TAGS ARE
Boldface : displays text in BOLD

Example: Welcome to the Internet World

Output: Welcome to the Internet World
Italics : displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the Internet World

THE MOST COMMON
CHARACTER
FORMATTING TAGS ARE
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
Subscript : displays text in Subscript
Superscript : displays text in Superscript
Small : displays text in smaller font as compared
to normal font
Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to
normal font
Underlinespecifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example: hello
Output: hello
FONT COLORS AND
SIZE:
By using Tag one can specify the colors, size of
the text. Example:
 Your text goes here 
Attributes of are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red
(in RGB hexadecimal format), or by name. Example:
 Your text goes here 
FONT COLORS AND
SIZE:<FONT
SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it will add with
the default size.
Example:
 Font Size changes to 5 
FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on the user’s
machine.
Example:
 the text will be displayed in Arial
AN HTML DOCUMENT
FORMATTEXT.HTML SHOWS THE USE
OF
CHARACTER FORMATTING TAGS.
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Welcome to the world of Internet</H1>
It is a

Network of Networks

</BODY>
OUTPUT
Welcome to the world of Internet
It is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG
This tag is used text horizontally across the

screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a
page.
Example: <marquee> hello
world></marquee>
ATTRIBUTES OF
MARQUEE TAG
Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the
marquee.
Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to
either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down
and down-to-up.
Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one loop.
PARAGRAPH
FORMATTING TAG
Paragraph level formatting applies to
formatting of an entire portion of text
unlike character level tags where only
individual letters or words are formatted.
THE MOST COMMON
PARAGRAPH
FORMATTING TAGS ARE
Using paragraph tag: 
two paragraphs with a blank line.
Example:
 Welcome to the world of HTML 
 First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here
Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
USING LINE BREAK TAG:
 
The empty tag is used, where the text needs to
start from a new line and not continue on the same
line. To get every sentence on a new line, it is
necessary to use a line break.
Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling 
B-31B, Calipash Colony 
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004
USING PREFORMATTED TEXT
TAG:<PRE>
<PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total
preserves your space and line break in the text
written inside the tag.
Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling</PRE>
Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
AN HTML DOCUMENT CONTROL.HTML
SHOWS THE USE OF , AND <PRE>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
AN HTML DOCUMENT
CONTROL.HTML SHOWS THE USE
OF , AND <PRE>

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. 
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple 
and easy to learn. 

<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
OUTPUT
HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
and easy to learn.
USING HORIZONTAL RULE
TAG: <HR>
An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal rules. It
can be used to separate two sections of text.
Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her

HEADING:
<H1>.............<H6>TAGS
HTML has six header tags <H1>,
<H2>...........<H6> used to specify section
headings. Text with header tags is
displayed in larger and bolder fonts than
the normal body text by a web browser.
Every .header leaves a blank line above
and below it when displayed in browse.
EXAMPLE: AN HTML DOCUMENT,
HEADINGS.HTML SHOWS THE DIFFERENT
SECTION HEADINGS
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>

VIEWING OUTPUT OF
HTML DOCUMENT
HEADINGS.HTML IN
BROWSE
This is Section Heading 1

SPECIAL CHARTACTER
There are certain special characters that can be used while
creating document.Following are some special character:
Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;
EXAMPLE:
<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
ADVANTAGES OF HTML
Easy to use
Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not comply with
standards).
Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
Widely used; established on almost every website, if not all websites.
Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used for data
storage.
Free - You need not buy any software.
Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF
HTML
It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static language
Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to grasp
You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not to use
them
Deprecated tags appear because another language that works with
HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the other
language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
Security features offered by HTML are limited

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INTRODUCTION

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

 create, save and view a HTML document

The World Wide Web (abbreviated

An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,

Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html

Text tag are dividing into two categories as:

Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD

Welcome to the world of Internet

This tag is used text horizontally across the

The rest of the text goes her

<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>

This is Section Heading 4

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