STS3 1

Intellectual
Revolutions
01 03
Learning Outcomes Discussion
02 04
Lecture Activity
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, the students should be
able to:
1. Discuss the paradigm shifts through history
2. Explain how the Intellectual Revolution
changed the way how humans see the world
3. Describe the technological advancements
that happened in the information age
Intellectual
Revolution
The developments during the Intellectual
Revolution showed how society was
transformed by science and technology.
This chapter aims to establish the
interaction between science and technology
and society, cementing further the
relationship introduced in the first chapter.
Copernican Revolution
Claudius Ptolemy – stated that the planets, sun,
and moon moved in circular motion around the
Earth. (Geocentrism)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) – introduced
Heliocentrism (Sun is the center of the solar
system)
*Religious belief that time taught that the Earth
was created first before all things.
• Copernicus was persecuted as a heretic because his

teachings were against what was widely accepted by
religion.
• Birth of modern astronomy
• Copernicus is called “initiator of the Scientific
Revolution”
• Europe’s Copernicus Programme uses accurate and

timely data from satellites.
• Copernicus concept of the universe has also brought
important economic development.
• Copernicus concept ensures long term data
availability for business development by investing in
space and doing it generates employment and
further innovation
Darwinian Revolution
• Charles Darwin published his book “On the

Origin of Species”
• Theory of Evolution – populations pass
through a process of natural selection in
which only the fittest would survive.
• Organisms have the ability to adapt to their
environment.
• The processDarwinian Revolution
of natural evolution is called the
natural selection process or “struggle for
existence and elimination of the unfit”
• Contrary to the teachings of the church
• Debate between science and religion
• Darwin’s theory of evolution was not against
the teachings of the church and both can
coexist.
Darwinian Revolution
• Darwin’s ideas contributed to biological
science as it sheds light on fossils and vice
versa.
• In psychology, evolution males sense. We do
what we do, and think how we think because
of that innate drive to survive.
• In application to cutting edge technology.
Invasive species affect ecosystems.
Freudian Revolution
• Psychology was more of an art than a science

• Sigmund Freud – psychoanalysis (study that
explains human behavior)
• Personality is a product of three conflicting
elements: id, ego, and superego.
• Id is the animalistic nature of man
Freudian Revolution
(MAKAHAYOP). It is destructive and pleasure-
seeking structure of personality. It is where the sex
urge (libido) is present.
• Ego is the human nature of man (MAKATAO). It
builds; it acts according to laws and morals. It is
bound by limits of reality. The ego controls the ID
and acts as mediator between superego and ID
• Super Ego is the conscience (MAKA-DIYOS). It
strives for perfection. I tis always to be good and
honorable.
Freudian Revolution
The five psychological stages of development
• Oral (0 – 1 year): pleasure centers on the mouth – sucking,
biting, chewing
• Anal (1 – 3 years) – pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder
elimination
• Phallic (4 – 6 years) – pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with
incestous sexual feelings
• Latency (7 – 12 years) – dormant sexual feelings. Identification
process – gender identity
• Genital (13+) – maturation of sexual interests
Freudian Revolution
• Many believed that Freud’s theory had no scientific

basis
• People were able to understand the concepts of
psychoanalysis, which resulted in classifying
psychology as a science
SEATWORK
1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas

controversial?
2. Why did the people accept these discoveries
despite being contradictory to what was widely
accepted at that time?
Relating STS
Rubric:
Content (12pts)
Structure (8pts)
Quiz
5 items – Ancient Times
5 items – Medieval
5 items – Modern
5 items – Philippine Inventions
5 items – Essay
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Intellectual

• Copernicus was persecuted as a heretic because his

• Europe’s Copernicus Programme uses accurate and

• Charles Darwin published his book “On the

• Psychology was more of an art than a science

• Many believed that Freud’s theory had no scientific

1. Why do you think were most intellectual ideas

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