ISLAM

ISLAM

🞆Comes from the word transliterated into

English “SLM”- Means SUBMISSION
🞆Muslim is one who submits
🞆Islam also means “Peace”
🞆The Arabs trace their descents from
Abraham through his marriage to Hagar
and their son Ishmael.
Significant places of Islam

🞆Mecca- birthplace of Muhammad

570 AD. Muslims
Significant places of Islam

🞆Medina- the place to which

Muhammad fled for safety
Significant places of Islam

🞆Jerusalem- Muhammad prayed

there in his famous night journey.
HIJRA

🞆The day of the flight of

Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
Creed of Islam

-Statedin the Very first verses Of Qur’an

-There is no God but Allah and
Muhammad is His Prophet.
-LA ILLAHA ILLA-LAH
MUHAMMAD AL RASUL
 Creed of Islam
QUR’AN
-Allah’s message,
-Reading it is considered to be a blessing
- Affects every lifestyle of a Muslim.
- It is the vindication of the Islam
- It is the basis of the belief of Islam
- A proof of the existence of a divine- ALLAH
QUR’AN

114 chapters or SURAHS,

each composed of verses or AYAHS.
 Hadith

🞆 Ḥadīth is the Arabic word for speech, report, account, narrative.

🞆 Within Islam the authority of Ḥadīth as a source for religious law and moral
guidance ranks second only to that of the Qur'an
🞆 Unlike the Qur'an, not all Muslim believe Ahadith accounts (or at least not all
ahadith accounts) are divine revelation. Ahadith were not written down by
Muhammad's followers immediately after his death but several generations
later when they were collected, collated and compiled into a great corpus
of Islamic literature. Different collections of Aḥādīth would come to
differentiate the different branches of the Islamic faith. A small minority of
Muslims called Quranists reject all Ḥadīth.
 SUNNAH/ SUNNAH
🞆 Sunnah (sunnah, (also sunna) is the body of traditional social and
legal custom and practice of the Islamic community, based on the
verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings,
silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad, as well as various reports about Muhammad's
companions.
🞆 The Quran and the sunnah make up the two primary sources of
Islamic theology and law. The sunnah is also defined as "a path, a
way, a manner of life"; "all the traditions and practices" of the
Islamic prophet that "have become models to be followed" by
Muslims.
 Code of Islam
🞆The spirit of Islamic ethics is contained in the very
word of Islam. It means obedient and loving
submission to what Allah is and calls us to. To be a
Muslim is to submit to Allah, to turn oneself to
Allah, to be Allah’s Khalifa.
🞆Since one is submitted to Allah, one need to be
submitted to, or afraid of anyone else.
Ceremony of Islam
Five Pillars- Every Muslim is supposed to
practice these rituals faithfully.

🞆 Shahadah- is the pillar of confession. Every Muslim recites with

conviction, “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad s His
Prophet. “This confession is woven into all Islam’s daily prayer.
🞆 Salat- is the pillar for prayer. Five times a day, every
Muslim is required to turn to the direction of Mecca and
recite the long-established prayer. On Friday noon, they are
required to attend the congregational prayer in a mosque.
🞆 Zakat- is the pillar of almsgiving. Muslims are called on to
give two-and a half percent of their earnings to those in need.
This is not just a question of charity but first of all justice. It
is responding to Allah who is One and who is just.
🞆 Siyam- is the pillar of fasting. During the month of
Ramadan, the month when Muhammad received his first
revelation, Muslims are called to strictly fast from sunrise to
sunset. It is a time for spiritual reflection, self-discipline,
identification with the poor, and obedience to Allah.
🞆 Hajj- is the pillar of Pilgrimage. If physically and financially able,
Muslims are expected, at least once of their lifetime to make a
pilgrimage to Mecca. With people of diverse races, nations, and
classes, gathered around the black stone. The Hajj is perhaps the most
powerful ritual expression of Islam’s power to form unity out of
diversity.
JIHAD

🞆 Jihad is a spiritual struggle. It is a constant effort to submit one’s mind

and heart, as well as that of society, to Allah. This is done b good
example and by proclaiming Allah’s law through discussion,
argumentation and practice. Only when these nonviolent means are
jeopardized can jihad make use of physical force. Military Jihad for
Muslims are permitted only in self-defense or to stop injustice.
JIHAD

🞆 In a religious sense, as described by the Quran and teachings of the Prophet

Muhammad (s), "jihad" has many meanings. It can refer to internal as well
as external efforts to be a good Muslim or believer, as well as working to
inform people about the faith of Islam.
🞆If military Jihad is required to protect the faith against
others, it can be performed using anything from legal,
diplomatic and economic to political means. If there is no
peaceful alternative, Islam also allows the use of force, but
there are strict rules of engagement. Innocents - such as
women, children, or invalids - must never be harmed, and
any peaceful overtures from the enemy must be accepted.
WHAT JIHAD IS NOT

🞆 Jihad is not a violent concept.

🞆 Jihad is not a declaration of war against other religions. It is worth noting
that the Koran specifically refers to Jews and Christians as "people of the
book" who should be protected and respected. All three faiths worship the
same God. Allah is just the Arabic word for God, and is used by Christian
Arabs as well as Muslims.
🞆 Military action in the name of Islam has not been
common in the history of Islam. Scholars says most calls
for violent jihad are not sanctioned by Islam.
🞆 Warfare in the name of God is not unique to Islam. Other
faiths throughout the world have waged wars with
religious justifications
What is the real Jihad?
Sharia Law
🞆 Sharia law comes from a combination of sources including:
🞆 the Qur'an,
🞆 the Hadith,
🞆 the SUNNA,
🞆 IJMA- the consensus of Imams
>>>>fatwas - the rulings of Islamic scholars. 
🞆 Quiyas- reasoning by analogy.
>>> Ijtihad- decision making
🞆 The word sharia means "the path to a watering hole". It
denotes an Islamic way of life that is more than a system of
criminal justice. Sharia is a religious code for living, in the
same way that the Bible offers a moral system for
Christians. 
🞆 Sharia is not a book but a system.
 Samples of the law

🞆 • Theftis punishable by amputation of the right hand.

• Criticizing or denying any part of the Quran is
punishable by death.
• Criticizing Muhammad or denying that he is a
prophet is punishable by death.
• Criticizing or denying Allah is punishable by death.
🞆• A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is
punishable by death.
• A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from
Islam is punishable by death.
• A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim
woman is punishable by death.
• A man can marry an infant girl and consummate
the marriage when she is 9 years old.
 Sects of Islam

1. Kharijites- they only wanted the pure, original

teaching, an essential part of their teaching is obedience
to 'Ali as the rightful caliph. Indeed, they were
indistinguishable from Shi'ites, until 'Ali submitted to
arbitration. After that, Kharijites fought against
both Sunnis and Shi'ites.
2. SUNNIS-Traditionalists
80% of the population of Islam are
sunnis
- Followers of the tradition- the SUNNA
- Follows the footsteps of Abu Bkr.
3. SHI’ITES
🞆The Shi'ites split with the Sunnis over succession. They say
'Ali, whom traditions say had superhuman strength, should
have been caliph after Mohammed, and that the Caliphate is
hereditary. The Sunnis said the Caliphate was elective for
anyone of the Quaresh tribe.
🞆 Majority of Shi’ites live in Iran, Iraq and Lebanon
🞆Believe that a caliph should protect the
divine law, act as judge and rule over the
community
🞆Need to be chosen by God and prophet and
not the community.