Answers to common

questions on Islam

ISLAM
at a Glance
 ISLAM at a Glance

ISLAM AND MUSLIM

Islam is an Arabic word which means peace, purity,
acceptance and commitment. As a religion, Islam stands
for complete submission and obedience to Allah (God
Almighty). A Muslim is one who accepts freely and
willingly the supreme power of Allah and strives for total
re-organisation of his life according to the revealed teachings
of God. He also works towards the establishment of a just
social order which would totally reflect the guidance of God.

CONTINUITY OF MESSAGE
Islam is not a new religion. It is in essence the same message
and guidance, which Allah revealed to all His Prophets. “Say (O
Muhammad): We believe in Allah (God Almighty) and that which
was revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and
the tribes and that which was given to Moses and Jesus and to
the Prophets from their Lord; we make no distinction between
any of them, and to Him (God Almighty) we submit (in Islam).
(Al-Qur’an 3:84) The message, which was revealed to
Muhammad, the last Prophet, is Islam in its comprehensive,
complete and final form.

THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

Every action which is done with the awareness that it fulfils
the will of Allah is considered an act of worship in Islam.
Nevertheless, the specific acts of worship, termed the pillars
of Islam, provide the framework of spiritual life.

They are the following:

1. The declaration of faith: The declaration of faith is to say:
‘I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except

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 Answers to common questions on Islam

Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger;

the prophethood of Muhammad obliges the Muslims to
follow his exemplary life in every way.

2. Prayers: Prayers are prescribed five times a day as a

duty towards Allah. They strengthen and enliven the
belief in Allah and inspire man to a higher morality.
They purify the heart and control the temptation
towards wrong-doing and evil. It should be stressed
that while Allah does not need our prayers we cannot
survive without His blessings and guidance. “O you
who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and
prayer, for Allah is with those who patiently persevere.”
(Holy Qur’an 2:153)

3. Fasting: Fasting is observed once each year during

the month of Ramadhan. This means abstention from
food, drink and intimate marital relationship from dawn
to sunset, and also from evil intentions and desires. It
teaches love, sincerity and devotion. It develops a sound
social conscience, patience, unselfishness and will power.
When we fast by choice, Allah remembers our sacrifice.

4. Zakaat: Zakaat is an annual payment of 2.5% of one’s net

savings as purifying sum to be spent on poor and needy.
Zakaat implies that everything man possesses belongs to
Allah and therefore anyone in need has a share in it.

5. Pilgrimage (Hajj): Pilgrimage to Makkah once in a lifetime

provided one has the means to do so. Hajj implies man’s
temporary suspension of all worldly activities and his

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 ISLAM at a Glance

realisation of himself as a naked soul infront of Allah

alone.
ONENESS OF GOD
Islam enjoins faith in the Oneness and Sovereignty of God,
which makes man aware of the meaningfulness of the
Universe and his place in it. This belief frees him from all fears
and superstitions by making him conscious of the presence
of Almighty Allah and of man’s obligations towards Him.
Belief in one God requires that we look upon all humanity
as one family irrespective of colour, class, race or territory,
under the Omnipotence of Allah the Creator and Nourisher
of all. Islam rejects the idea of a chosen people, making faith
in Allah and good action the only way to Heaven. Thus a
direct relationship is established with Allah, open to all alike,
without any intercessor.

MAN, THE FREE AGENT

Man is the highest creation of Allah and chooses his own way.
Created with the highest potentialities, man is left relatively
free in his will, action and choice. Allah has shown him the
right path and the life of Prophet Muhammad provides a
perfect example. Man’s success and salvation lies in following
them. Islam teaches the sanctity of the human personality
and confers equal rights upon all without any distinction of
race or sex. The law of Allah, enunciated in the Qur’an and
exemplified in the life of the Prophet, is supreme in all cases.
It applies equally to the highest and the lowest, the prince
and the peasant, the ruler and the ruled.

LIFE AFTER DEATH

The world according to Islam, is a place of trial and man is

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 Answers to common questions on Islam

being judged in it. Man is accountable to Allah for all that he

does herein. Life on earth will, one day, come to an end; and
after that a new world will be resurrected. It will be in this
Life after Death that man will be rewarded or punished for
his deeds and misdeeds. Allah will judge man on the day of
existence which leads to further blessings, or to Hell, a stage
of suffering and punishment.

QUR’AN AND HADITH

The Qur’an is the last revealed Word of Allah and as such
affirms and completes the total process of revelation which
has come from the Divine Guidance for the human race. The
Qur’an is the basic source of Islamic teachings and laws and
deals with the bases of creed, morality, history of humanity.
Worship, knowledge, wisdom, the God-man relation, and
human relationship, in all aspects. Comprehensive teachings,
on which sound systems of social justice, economics, politics,
legislation, jurisprudence, law and international relations
can be built, are important contents of the Holy Qur’an.
Prophet Muhammad himself was an unlettered man who
could not read or write. The Holy Qur’an was revealed to
him piece¬meal over a period of 23 years and committed to
memory and writing by his followers under his supervision
during his lifetime. The original and complete text of the
Qur’an is available to everybody in Arabic, the language in
which it was revealed. Translations of the meaning into many
languages are widely used. Hadith, the teachings, sayings
and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, meticulously
reported and collected by his devoted companions, explain
and elaborate the Qur’anic verses.

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 ISLAM at a Glance

CONCEPT OF WORSHIP
Islam does not teach or accept mere ritualism. It emphasises
intention and action. To worship Allah is to know Him and
love Him, to act upon His laws in every aspect of life, to enjoin
goodness and forbid evil and oppression, to practice charity
and justice and to serve Him by serving mankind. Islam seeks
to implant in man’s heart the strongest conviction that his
every thought and action are known by Allah, Who sees him
at all times and in all places.
The Qur’an presents this concept in the following sublime
manner:
“It is not righteousness that you turn your faces to the East or to
the West, but righteous is he who believes in Allah and the Last
Day the Angels and the Books and the Prophets; and gives his
wealth for the love of Him to kinsfolk and to orphans and the
needy and the wayfarer and to those who ask, and to set slaves
free; and observes proper worship and pays the Zakaat. And
those who keep their treaty when they make one, and they are
patient in the tribulation and adversity and time of stress. Such
are those who are God-fearing;” (Holy Qur’an 2:177)

ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE

Islam provides definite guidelines for all people to follow in
all walks of life. The guidance it gives is comprehensive and
includes the social, economic, political, moral and spiritual
aspects of life. The Qur’an reminds man of the purpose of
life on earth, and his duties and obligations towards himself,
his kith and kin, his community, his fellow human beings
and his Creator. Man is given fundamental guidelines about
a purposeful life and then he is left with the challenge of
human existence before him so that he might put these high

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 Answers to common questions on Islam

ideals into practice. In Islam man is a wholesome, integrated

unit and not a collection of fragmented, competitive parts.
The sacred and secular are not separate parts of man; they
are united in the nature of human being.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was born in
the year 570 A.C. in Makkah, Arabia. He came from a noble
Arab family. He received the first revelation at the age of forty.
As soon as he started preaching Islam, he and his followers
were persecuted and had to face severe hardships. He was
therefore commanded to migrate to Madinah, another city
in Arabia. During a short span of 23 years, he completed his
prophethood and died at the age of 63. He was put to rest
in the city of Madinah. He left no wealth or property. He led
a perfect life and set an example for all human beings. His
biography illustrates in real life, the meaning and implications
of the Qur’anic teachings.

ISLAM’S RATIONAL APPEAL

Islam is a simple, rational and practical religion. The unity
of God, the Prophethood of Muhammad and the concept
of life after death are the basic articles of faith. There is no
hierarchy of priests and there are no complicated rites and
rituals. Everybody may approach the Qur’an directly and
translate its dictates into practice. Islam stands for the middle
path and the goal of producing a moral man in the service of
a just society. “Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good
in the Hereafter; (Holy Qur’an 2:201) Islam guides towards a
better and complete life glorifying in all its phases Allah, the
Almighty Creator.

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 ISLAM at a Glance

STATUS OF WOMEN No discrimination is made on the basis of

sex. Islam recognises that the sphere of potential capabilities
and hence responsibilities of men and women are equally
important in themselves but not exactly the same. The roles
of men and women are complementary to each other.

MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE

Marriage is a very important and sacred bond of relationship
between man and woman and a step towards a better,
purer and happier life. Islam gives both man and woman full
right to divorce. Nevertheless divorce is discouraged and is
allowed as the last resort. Islam allows limited polygamy only
as a remedy subject to certain conditions.

JIHAD
Jihad consists in exerting oneself to the utmost in order to
personally follow the teachings of Islam. A Muslim, therefore
expends all the powers of body and soul, his wealth,
possessions and even life in the fight against the evil forces of
the world in order that injustice, oppression and contumacy
are annihilated and Allah’s just order is established. Therefore
to struggle in the path of Allah with the pen; speech or the
sword is Jihad. “What has happened to you? Why don’t you
fight in the way of Allah in support of men, women and children,
whom finding helpless, they have repressed; and who pray, ‘O
Allah! liberate us from this habitation which is ruled by tyrants.”
(Holy Qur’an 4:75) Islam has come to liberate man from the
worship of man and establish the worship of Allah.

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 Answers to common questions on Islam

ISLAM - THE SOLUTION FOR MODERN PROBLEMS

THE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN A major problem which

modern man faces is that of racism. The materially advanced
nations can send man to the moon but they cannot stop man
from hating and fighting his fellow man. Islam, over the last
1400 years, has shown in practice how racism can be ended.
Every year during the Hajj, the Islamic miracle of the real
brotherhood of all races and nations can be seen in action.

THE FAMILY
The family which is the basic unit of civilisation is disintegrating
in all western countries. Islam’s family system brings into a
fine equilibrium the rights of man, wife, children and relatives.
Islam nourishes human unselfishness, generosity and love in
a well organised family system. Human beings live according
to their view of life. The tragedy of secular societies is that
they fail to connect the different aspects of life. The secular
and the religious, the scientific and the spiritual seem to be in
conflict. Islam puts an end to this conflict and brings harmony
to man’s vision of life.

CONCLUSION
What is the state of the world today? Has man freed himself
from all superstitions, imbecilities and absurd beliefs? Has he
discovered the man from within himself? Has he liberated
himself from the yoke of worldly tyrants indulging in the
exploitation of man by man? If such a millennium has not
been achieved despite all the developments in science and
technology, then Islam has still a great and glorious part to
play.

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ISLAM at a Glance

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 Answers to common questions on Islam

For any further queries, information and tours, please feel free to contact
The Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland,
19 Roebuck Road, Clonskeagh, Dublin 14, Ireland
T +353 1 2080000 F +353 1 2080001
Web: www.islamireland.ie E-mail: [email protected]

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 ISLAM at a Glance
Answers to common
questions on Islam

ISLAM
at a Glance

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