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    Lecture 6

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    Walid Ahmed
    1) Chapter 6 discusses various converter circuits that can be derived from basic converters like the buck and boost converters through circuit manipulations including inverting the input and output ports, cascading converters, and differentially connecting converters. 2) There are two main classes of single-input single-output converters - those containing one inductor that divide the switching period into two subintervals, and those containing two inductors that also divide the switching period into two subintervals. 3) Within these classes are eight basic converters containing one inductor and several important two-inductor converters that can produce unipolar or bipolar output voltages suitable for applications like DC-DC, DC-AC inversion, and AC-DC rect

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    Lecture 6

    Uploaded by

    Walid Ahmed
    16 views32 pages
    1) Chapter 6 discusses various converter circuits that can be derived from basic converters like the buck and boost converters through circuit manipulations including inverting the input and output ports, cascading converters, and differentially connecting converters. 2) There are two main classes of single-input single-output converters - those containing one inductor that divide the switching period into two subintervals, and those containing two inductors that also divide the switching period into two subintervals. 3) Within these classes are eight basic converters containing one inductor and several important two-inductor converters that can produce unipolar or bipolar output voltages suitable for applications like DC-DC, DC-AC inversion, and AC-DC rect

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    1) Chapter 6 discusses various converter circuits that can be derived from basic converters like the buck and boost converters through circuit manipulations including inverting the input and output ports, cascading converters, and differentially connecting converters. 2) There are two main classes of single-input single-output converters - those containing one inductor that divide the switching period into two subintervals, and those containing two inductors that also divide the switching period into two subintervals. 3) Within these classes are eight basic converters containing one inductor and several important two-inductor converters that can produce unipolar or bipolar output voltages suitable for applications like DC-DC, DC-AC inversion, and AC-DC rect

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views32 pages

    Lecture 6

    Uploaded by

    Walid Ahmed
    1) Chapter 6 discusses various converter circuits that can be derived from basic converters like the buck and boost converters through circuit manipulations including inverting the input and output ports, cascading converters, and differentially connecting converters. 2) There are two main classes of single-input single-output converters - those containing one inductor that divide the switching period into two subintervals, and those containing two inductors that also divide the switching period into two subintervals. 3) Within these classes are eight basic converters containing one inductor and several important two-inductor converters that can produce unipolar or bipolar output voltages suitable for applications like DC-DC, DC-AC inversion, and AC-DC rect

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    Chapter 6

    Converter Circuits
    Part-1
    Chapter 6: Converter Circuits

    6.1. Circuit manipulations • Where do the boost, buck-


    boost, and other converters
    originate?
    6.2. A short list of converters
    • How can we obtain a converter
    having given desired properties?
    6.3. Transformer isolation
    • What converters are possible?

    6.4. Converter evaluation • How can we obtain transformer


    and design isolation in a converter?

    • For a given application ,which


    6.5. Summary of key points converter is best?
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 2
    Circuit Manipulations .6.1

    Begin with buck converter: derived in Chapter 1 from first


    principles
    • Switch changes dc component, low-pass filter removes
    switching harmonics
    • Conversion ratio is M = D
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 3
    Inversion of source and load .6.1.1

    Interchange power input and output ports of a


    converter V = DV 2 1

    Buck converter example

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 4


    Inversion of source and load

    :Interchange power source and load

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 5


    Realization of switches
    as in Chapter 4

    Reversal of power flow


    requires new realization of
    switches

    Transistor conducts when •


    switch is in position 2

    ’Interchange of D and D •

    Inversion of buck converter yields boost


    converter
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 6
    Cascade connection of .6.1.2
    converters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 7


    Example: buck cascaded by boost

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 8


    Buck cascaded by boost:
    simplification of internal filter
    Remove capacitor C1

    Combine inductors L1 and L2

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 9


    No inverting buck-boost converter

    subinterval 1 subinterval 2

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 10


    Reversal of output voltage polarity
    subinterval 1 subinterval 2

    Non inverting
    buck-boost

    inverting
    buck-boost

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 11


    Reduction of number of switches:
    inverting buck-boost

    One side of inductor always connected to ground


    — hence, only one SPDT switch needed:

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 12


    Discussion: cascade connections
     Properties of buck-boost converter follow from
    its derivation as buck cascaded by boost
     Equivalent circuit model:
    buck 1:D transformer cascaded by boost D`:1
    transformer
    Pulsating input current of buck converter
    Pulsating output current of boost converter
     Other cascade connections are possible Cuk
    converter: boost cascaded by buck

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 13


    Rotation of three-terminal cell .6.1.3
    :Treat inductor and SPDT switch as three terminal cell

    Three-terminal cell can be connected between source and


    :load in three nontrivial distinct ways
    a-A b-B c-C buck converter with L-C input filter
    a-C b-A c-B boost converter with L-C output filter
    a-A b-C c-B Cuk converter
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 14
    Rotation of a dual three-terminal network
    :A capacitor and SPDT switch as a three terminal cell

    Three-terminal cell can be connected between source and


    :load in three nontrivial distinct ways
    a-A b-B c-C buck converter with L-C input filter
    a-C b-A c-B boost converter with L-C output filter
    a-A b-C c-B Cuk converter
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 15
    Differential connection of load to .6.1.4
    obtain bipolar output voltage

    Differential load
    voltage is:
    V = V1 – V2

    The outputs V1 and V2


    may both be positive,
    but the differential
    output voltage V can be
    positive or negative.

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 16


    Differential connection using two buck
    converters
    Converter #1
    transistor driven with
    duty cycle D
    Converter #2
    transistor driven with
    duty cycle
    complement D’
    Differential load
    voltage is

    Simplify:

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 17


    Conversion ratio M(D), differentially-
    connected buck converters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 18


    Simplification of filter circuit,
    differentially-connected buck

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 19


    Simplification of filter circuit,
    differentially-connected buck converters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 20


    Differential connection to obtain 3ø
    inverter
    With balanced 3ø load,
    neutral voltage is

    Phase voltages are

    Control converters such that their output


    voltages contain the same dc biases. This dc
    bias will appear at the neutral point Vn. It then
    cancels out, so phase voltages contain no dc
    bias.
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 21
    3ø differential connection of three buck
    converters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 22


    3ø differential connection of three buck
    converters
    :Re-draw for clarity

    Voltage-source inverter” or buck-derived“


    three-phase inverter
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 23
    The 3ø current-source inverter

    Exhibits a boost-type conversion characteristic •

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 24


    A short list of converters .6.2
     An infinite number of converters are possible, which
    contain switches embedded in a network of inductors
    and capacitors
     Two simple classes of converters are listed here:
    • Single-input single-output converters containing a single
    inductor. The switching period is divided into two
    subintervals. This class contains eight converters.

    • Single-input single-output converters containing two


    inductors. The switching period is divided into two
    subintervals. Several of the more interesting members of
    this class are listed.

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 25


    Single-input single-output converters
    containing one inductor
    • Use switches to connect inductor between source and
    load, in one manner during first subinterval and in
    another during second subinterval
    • There are a limited number of ways to do this, so all
    possible combinations can be found
    • After elimination of degenerate and redundant cases,
    eight converters are found:
    dc-dc converters
    buck boost buck-boost noninverting buck-boost
    dc-ac converters
    bridge Watkins-Johnson
    ac-dc converters
    current-fed bridge inverse of Watkins-Johnson
    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 26
    Converters producing a unipolar output
    voltage

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 27


    Converters producing a unipolar output
    voltage

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 28


    Converters producing a bipolar output
    voltage suitable as dc-ac inverters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 29


    Converters producing a bipolar output
    voltage suitable as ac-dc rectifiers

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 30


    Several members of the class of two-
    inductor converters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 31


    Several members of the class of two-
    inductor converters

    08/21/23 SVU ACADEET Dr. Mohamed Orabi 32

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