Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 20 views

    Wa0009

    Uploaded by

    Komal Sharma
    This document summarizes bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in the environment. It discusses that bioremediation relies on biological processes to minimize environmental impacts. The microorganisms have an ability to degrade, detoxify, and even accumulate harmful compounds. There are two main types of bioremediation - in-situ, which treats pollutants on site, and ex-situ, which involves removing contaminated materials to be treated elsewhere. Effectiveness depends on microorganisms present, environmental factors like nutrients, temperature, and the contaminant type and state.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Wa0009

    Uploaded by

    Komal Sharma
    20 views16 pages
    This document summarizes bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in the environment. It discusses that bioremediation relies on biological processes to minimize environmental impacts. The microorganisms have an ability to degrade, detoxify, and even accumulate harmful compounds. There are two main types of bioremediation - in-situ, which treats pollutants on site, and ex-situ, which involves removing contaminated materials to be treated elsewhere. Effectiveness depends on microorganisms present, environmental factors like nutrients, temperature, and the contaminant type and state.

    Original Description:

    This is a presentation made by me and my friend on Bioremediation.

    Original Title

    DOC-20190407-WA0009

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in the environment. It discusses that bioremediation relies on biological processes to minimize environmental impacts. The microorganisms have an ability to degrade, detoxify, and even accumulate harmful compounds. There are two main types of bioremediation - in-situ, which treats pollutants on site, and ex-situ, which involves removing contaminated materials to be treated elsewhere. Effectiveness depends on microorganisms present, environmental factors like nutrients, temperature, and the contaminant type and state.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views16 pages

    Wa0009

    Uploaded by

    Komal Sharma
    This document summarizes bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants in the environment. It discusses that bioremediation relies on biological processes to minimize environmental impacts. The microorganisms have an ability to degrade, detoxify, and even accumulate harmful compounds. There are two main types of bioremediation - in-situ, which treats pollutants on site, and ex-situ, which involves removing contaminated materials to be treated elsewhere. Effectiveness depends on microorganisms present, environmental factors like nutrients, temperature, and the contaminant type and state.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    BIOREMED

    IATION
    SUBMITTED TO- DR.DEEPKA
    SUBMITTED BY- AKANSHA THAKUR
    KOMAL SHARMA
    VISHALI
    WHAT IS BIOREMEDIATION?
     Bioremediation is the use of organisms(primarily
    microorganisms) for removal of pollutants from biosphere .
     It relies on biological processes to minimize
    unwanted environmental impact on environment.
     The microorganisms have the ability to degrade,
    detoxify and even accumulate harmful organisms and
    inorganic compounds.
    • It is the most ideal alternative, environment friendly
    and ecologically sound technology for removing
    pollutant from the environment.
    • Bioremediation infact forms a vital component of the
    so called GREEN MOVEMENT of maintaining the
    nature’s overall ecological balance.
    BIOREMEDIATION
    EFFECTIVENESS
     Depends on:
    • Microorganisms
    • Environmental factors
    • Contaminant type & state
    MICROORGANISMS
     Aerobic bacteria-
    • Examples include Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes,
    Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus &Mycobacterium.
    • Shown to degrade pesticides and hydrocarbons.
    • May be able to use the contaminant as sole
    source of carbon and energy.
     Methanotrophs-
    • Aerobic bacteria that utilise methane for carbon
    and energy.
    • Active against a wide range of compounds
     Anaerobic bacteria-
    • Not used as frequently as aerobic bacteria.
    • Can often be applied to bioremediation of
    ploychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in river
    sediments.
     Fungi-
    • Able to degrade a diverse range of persistent or
    toxic environmental pollutants.
    MICROORGANISMS CAN LIVE AT
    DIFFERENT PH CONDITIONS
    MICROORGANISMS CAN LIVE AT
    ANY TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
    ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
    TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION:
    A. In-situ bioremediation
    B. Ex-situ bioremediation

     IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION: It is applied to eliminate the


    pollutants in contaminated soils and ground water.
    • It is a superior method for cleaning of contaminated
    environments because it saves transportation costs.
    • Uses harmless microorganisms to eliminate the chemical
    contaminants.
    • Causes least disruption of the contaminated area.
    • The method is time consuming and it leads to change in
    seasonal variations in the microbial activity.
    • There are further two types of in-situ bioremediation:
    1. INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION- It uses microorganisms already present
    in the environment to biodegrade harmful contaminant. There is no
    human intervention involved in this type of bioremediation.
    2. It is the cheapest means of bioremediation available, it is the most
    commonly used.

    3. ENGINEERED IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION- This type of bioremediation


    is performed through the introduction of certain microorganisms to
    a contamination site.
    4. It accelerates the degradation process by enhancing the
    physiochemical conditions to encourage the growth of
    microorganisms.
    5. Oxygen, electron acceptors and nutrients promote microbial
    growth.

    EX-SITU BIOREMEDIATION: The process of bioremediation here takes


    place somewhere out from contamination site and requires
    transportation of contaminated soil or pumping of groundwater to
    the site of bioremediation.

    • SOLID PHASE SYSTEM(including land treatment and soil piles) the


    system is use
    • EX-SITU BIOREMEDIATION: The process of bioremediation here takes place
    somewhere out from contamination site and requires transportation of
    contaminated soil or pumping of groundwater to the site of
    bioremediation.
     SOLID PHASE SYSTEM EX SITU BIOREMEDIATION:
    • COMPOSTING ia a technique that involves combining contaminated soil
    with organic compounds such as agricultural wastes.
    • The presence of these organic materials supports the development of a
    rich microbial population and the elevated temperature characteristic of
    composting.
    • LAND FARMING OPERATION:
    • Land farming is a simple technique in which contaminated soil is
    excavated and spread over a prepared bed and periodically tilled until
    pollutants are degraded. The practice is limited to the treatment of
    superficial 10-35 cm of soil.
    • BIOPILE SYSTEM:
    • Biopiles are a hybrid of land farming and composting. Essentially,
    eginnered cells are constructed as aerated composted piles. Biopiles
    provide a favourable environment for indigenous areobic and anareobic
    microorganisms.
    APPROACHES TO
    BIOREMEDIATION
     There are three approaches to bioremediation:
    1. Biostimulation
    2. Bioaugmentation
    3. Intrinsic bioremediation

     BIOSTIMULATION: It depends primarily on modification of


    environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of
    bioremediation.
     This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting
    nutrients and electron acceptors, such as phosphorus, nitrogen,
    oxygen or carbon.
     BIOAUGMENTATION: It uses addition of microbial culture to increase
    biodegradation of a contaminant.
     It is commonly used in municipal wastewater treatment to restart
    activated sludge bioreactors.
     INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION: It manages the innate
    capabilities of naturally occurring microbes to degrade
    contaminants without taking any engineering step to
    enhance the process.
     Also called Natural attenuation.
    USE OF FUNGI IN
    BIOREMEDIATION
     White rot fungi can degrade organic pollutants in soil and
    effluent and decolorize Kraft black liquor, e.g.
    Phanerochaete chrysosporium can produce aromatic
    mixtures with its lignolytic system.
     Pentachlorophenol, even TNT can be degraded by white
    rot fungi.
    USE OF BACTERIA IN
    BIOREMEDIATION
     These microbes are usually thermophillic anaerobic.
     They contain monooxygenases and dehydrogenases to
    break down organic matter including toxic substances.
     Genetically engineered bacteria( Pseudomonas) with
    plasmid producing enzymes to degrade octane and many
    different organic compounds from crude oil.
    CASE STUDY: OIL DEGRADATION
     Oil metabolising bacteria were known to exist, but
    when introduced into an oil spill, competed with
    each other, limiting the amount of crude oil that
    they degraded.
     Prof. Chakrabarty discovered a method for genetic
    cross-linking that fixed all four plasmid genes in
    place and produced a new, stable, bacteria species
    (now called Pseudomonas putida) capable of
    consuming oil one or two orders of magnitude faster
    than the previous four strains of oil eating microbes.
     The new microbe, which Chakrabarty called “multi-
    plasmid hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas,”
    could digest abot two thirds of the hydrocarbons
    that would be found in a typical oil spill.

    You might also like