Transport in Plants - LP 7-9

Experiment - 1
• AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To demonstrate the process of diffusion by

potassium permanganate crystals.
• MATERIALS REQUIRED: Glass beaker, water, potassium
permanganate crystals.
• PROCEDURE:
• Take a clean beaker and fill it up to two-third level with clean water, as shown
in the diagram.
• Drop some crystals of potassium permanganate in it.
• Keep it undisturbed and observe.
• OBSERVATIONS: Potassium permanganate crystals sink at the bottom
of the beaker. Pink streaks start rising up through water. Initially, the
pink colour is darker around the crystals, but after some time, the
whole solution becomes uniformly pink.
• CONCLUSION:
• The molecules of potassium permanganate diffuse away from the
areas of their higher concentration to the areas of lower
concentration. So the water in the beaker turns homogenously pink.
Experiment - 2
• AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: Study of osmosis through a thistle funnel experiment.
• MATERIAL REQUIRED: Thistle funnel, burette stand, beaker, 20% sugar solution,
rubber solution, scissors, thread, marking pencil, goat’s bladder or cellophane
membrane, water.
• PROCEDURE:
1. Take a thistle funnel and tie a cellophane paper strongly around its wide end by
means of thread. The edges of the membrane are then made air tight by applying
Vaseline solution. It makes the joint watertight.
2. Place a beaker containing water at the base of iron stand and mark the level of water
in the beaker.
3. Now, dip the thistle funnel in a beaker containing water such that its broad end is
dipped in water. Support the thistle funnel in vertical position by means of the stand.
4. Pour 20% sugar solution in the thistle funnel till it stands at about 1/3rd of the height
of the stem. Mark the initial level of sugar solution as A by means of glass marking
pencil.
5. Leave the set up undisturbed for some time, say, an hour.
6. Observe the level of water in thistle funnel as well as the beaker.
• OBSERVATIONS: It is observed that after an hour, the level of the sugar solution
has risen in the stem of thistle funnel to a point B while the level of water falls
down in the beaker. Taste the water of the beaker. It is not sweet.
• CONCLUSION: The water from the beaker moves into the thistle funnel through
the cellophane paper. Sugar from the thistle funnel has not passed into the
beaker. The cellophane paper acts as semi permeable membrane.
• DIAGRAM:
Experiment - 3
• AIM: To demonstrate the process of osmosis with the help of a potato osmoscope.
• MATERIAL REQUIRED: Potato, knife, 20% sugar solution, petridish, beaker, water and long pins.
• PROCEDURE:
• · Take a large firm potato and peel it.
• · Make a hollow cavity in the potato. The sides and base should be intact. The cavity has to
• be made in the end opposite to the flat end.
• · Fill the cavity about ¾ with sugar solution and mark its level with a pin placed in a slanting
• manner. This is the osmoscope.
• · Place the osmoscope in a petri dish which is half filled with water.
• · Leave it undisturbed for about an hour.
• OBSERVATION:
• There is a rise in the level of the sugar solution present in the hollow cavity. It can be marked with
another pin.
• CONCLUSION:
• Water enters from the petridish into the cavity across the cell membranes of the potato cells because of
endosmosis.
Osmoscope Diagram
Experiment -
4
Transpiration
• DIAGRAM:
• AIM: To demonstrate the process of transpiration
• MATERIALS REQUIRED: Two healthy potted plants, polythene bags,
three bell jars, flat wooden sticks, cobalt chloride paper.
• PROCEDURE:
• Arrange the three setups A., B., C. as follows
o Setup A: Take a healthy potted plant and tie the pot portion containing soil
with a polythene bag. Cover plant with a bell jar.
o Setup B: Take another similar plant and cover it with a polythene bag in a
similar way also keep a cobalt chloride paper tied to a wooden stick beside a
plant.
o Setup C: Take a third bell jar without a plant but containing a wooden stick to
which cobalt chloride paper is tied.
Now, keep all the bell jars in the sun.
• OBSERVATIONS:
o In the setup A, the ball jar of the plotted plant will have droplets of water in
the inner walls.
o In the setup B, the bell jar will also show droplets of water and at the same
time, the initially blue color cobalt chloride paper will turn pink.
o In the setup C(control), there will be no water droplets and the color of the
paper won’t change.
• CONCLUSION:
• Water vapour which is lost from the aerial parts of the plant condenses and so
water droplets are seen. There is no other source of water in the set up. No
droplets are seen in the bell jar (C). Blue cobalt chloride paper turns pink due to
moisture.
• So, this experiment proves that transpiration has taken place from the aerial
parts of the plant body.
Experiment - 5
• AIM: To compare the rate of transpiration from the upper and lower surface of a
dorsiventral leaf using cobalt chloride.
• MATERIAL REQUIRED: Filter paper, cobalt chloride solution, glass slide,
rubber band, dessicator and a potted plant.
• PROCEDURE:
o Cut the strips of filter paper and dip them in cobalt chloride solution.
o Dry the cobalt chloride paper strips thoroughly in a dessicator.
o The pink cobalt chloride paper becomes blue when dried in a dessicator.
o Two strips are taken and then one fixed on the lower surface and the other on
the upper surface of a leaf with the help of glass slides and rubber bands.
o Observe the time taken for the strip of the lower surface and the strip of the
upper surface to change colour from blue to pink
• OBSERVATION: It is observed that the strip fixed on the lower surface of the leaf
turns pink in lesser time as compared to the strip attached to the upper
surface(dorsal).
• CONCLUSION: The strip changed colour from blue to pink because of the water
vapour released from the leaf due to transpiration. Since more stomata are present
in the lower (ventral) surface, the strip fixed to the lower surface turned pink
quickly.
• DIAGRAM:
Experiment - 6
• AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To demonstrate transpiration by loss in weight
method of a leafy shoot.
• MATERIALS REQUIRED: A freshly cut leafy shoot, spring balance, test tube, split
cork, stand, water, Vaseline.
• PROCEDURE:
• 1. Take a leafy shoot from a healthy plant
• 2. Take a test tube and plug it with a cork. Make a hole in the cork, big enough for
the plant sample to pass through it.
• 3. Insert the leafy shoot from the plant immediately through the split cork with
hole, fitted in the test tube containing water.
• 4. The cut end is immersed in water. Pour a few drops of oil on water surface.
• 5. Apply Vaseline on the sides of the cork and the stem base of the shoot.
• 6. The test tube containing leafy shoot is tied to a spring balance.
• 7. Note down the initial weight of the assembly. The assembly is then exposed to
bright sunlight for 4 to 5 hours. Note down the final weight of the assembly.
• OBSERVATION: There is continuous loss in weight of the assembly.
• CONCLUSION: The loss in weight of the assembly gives an indication of the
amount of water absorbed and lost by exposed part of a leafy shoot by
transpiration
• DIAGRAM:

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Experiment - 1

• AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To demonstrate the process of diffusion by

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