LI-FI Technology-1

DONBOSCO HIGH SCHOOL
AND PRIPARATORY
SCHOOL DILLA
ICT CLUB
LI-FI technology
content
What is LI-FI?
How it work?
Advantage
Application
WI-FI vs LI-FI
Challenges
What is li-fi?
Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity and is a Visible Light
Communications (VLC) system which runs wireless
communications that travel at very high speeds.
With Li-Fi, your light blub is essentially your router. It

uses common household LED light bulbs to enable
data transfer, boasting speeds of up to 224 gigabits
per second.
The term Li-Fi was coined by University of Edinburgh
Professor Harald Haas during a TED Talk in 2011. Haas
envisioned light bulbs that could act as wireless
routers.
Subsequently, in 2012 after four years of research,

Haas set up company pure LiFi with the aim 'to be the
world leader in Visible Light Communications
technology'.
HOW IT WORK?
Li-Fi and Wi-Fi are quite similar as both transmit data

electromagnetically. However, Wi-Fi uses radio waves,
while Li-Fi runs on visible light waves.
As we now know, Li-Fi is a Visible Light

Communications (VLC) system. This means that it
accommodates a photo-detector to receive light
signals and a signal processing element to convert the
data into 'streamable' content.
An LED light bulb is a semiconductor light source
meaning that the constant current of electricity
supplied to an LED light bulb can be dipped and
dimmed, up and down at extremely high speeds,
without being visible to the human eye.
For example, data is fed into an LED light bulb (with

signal processing technology), it then sends data
(embedded in its beam) at rapid speeds to the photo-
detector (photodiode).
The tiny changes in the rapid dimming of LED bulbs
is then converted by the 'receiver' into electrical
signal.
The signal is then converted back into a binary data
stream that we would recognize as web, video and
audio applications that run on internet-enabled
devices
So what we need at all for sending data are some
LEDs and a controller that cods data into those LEDs
and for receiving data, we need an Image Sensor,
Photodiode which is used as a detector.
The LED bulb will hold a micro-chip that will do the
job of processing the data. The light intensity can be
manipulated to send data by tiny changes in
amplitude.
The tiny changes in the rapid dimming of LED bulbs is
then converted by the
ADVANTAGE
I. Efficiency
The efficiency of each radio station is just 5%due to
the fact that most of the energy is used for the
cooling system in base of the radio station. Li-Fi is
highly efficient because LED consumes less energy.
It is effective in terms of low cost, low required
energy and for various Environments.
II. Capacity
Any lighting devices like car lights, ceiling lights,

street lamps, etc. are used as a hotspot. It means
that any light spread internet using VLC which helps
us to lower cost architecture for a hotspot. The
most important issues here are Bandwidth, Data
density and speed.
IV. Security
“If you can’t see the light, you can’t access the
data!”
Because of the signal will not travel through walls, it

is difficult to eavesdrop on Li-Fi signals. You can also
see where the data is going, so there is no need for
additional security such as pairing for RF
interconnections like Bluetooth
III. Safety
Light is all around us – it is a natural part of life – and
as such there are no health concerns associated with
its use as a communications medium. It never gives
any side effects on any living thing like radio waves
and other communication waves which can
dangerously interfere with electronic circuits and
have effects on birds and humans
APPLICATION
a. Underwater Communications
Using RF signals is impractical due to strong signal
absorption in water. Li-Fi provides a solution for short-
range communications. Submarines could use their
headlamps to communicate with each other, process
data autonomously and send their findings periodically
back to the surface in Underwater Remotely Operated
Vehicles (ROV). Another important issue is that Li-Fi can
even work underwater where Wi-Fi fails completely,
thereby its open for military operations.
b. Traffic Management
Li-Fi can help in managing the traffic in a better manner and
the accident numbers can be decreased. Traffic lights can
communicate to the car and with each other to manage the
traffic in the street.
Traffic light can play the role of the sender of the data to
provide information to the car on the status of the road or
about the situation of other cars as shown in Figure 9. [15]
[16] Also cars can communicate with each other and prevent
accidents by exchanging information. For example, LED car
lights can alert drivers when other vehicles are too close
c. Airways
We have to switch off mobiles in aircrafts to prevent

overlapping of mobile phone signals with navigation
and control signals used by aircraft. Li-Fi can be
safely used on planes because it doesn't interfere
with RF. Since Data is present where light is present,
we can use the lights above the seats in the plane as
hotspot.
d. Medical Applications
One of the most important features of Li-Fi is that it
could be used in hospitals and medical settings that
require the lack of RF signals which affect the
medical equipment. For example, OTs (Operation
theatres) do not allow using Wi-Fi due to radiation
concerns because usage of Wi-Fi blocks the signals
for monitoring equipment's. So, it may be dangerous
to the patient's health.
e. Disaster Management
Li-Fi can be used as a powerful means of

communication at times of disaster such as earthquake
or hurricanes, for example places like subway stations
and tunnels which are common dead zones for most
emergency communications, don't pose obstruction for
Li-Fi, so it can be used there, as emergency
communication
f. Blind Indoor Navigation System
Indoor navigation is convenient for everyone, and it is
especially indispensable for the visually impaired. We
proposed such a navigation system for the visually
impaired as shown in Figure 10. LED lights emit visible
light with location data and an embedded system or
smartphone with a visible light receiver which receives
the data. The embedded system or smartphone
calculates the optimal path to a designation and
speaks to the visually impaired through a headphone.
g. In Sensitive Areas or in Hazardous
Environment
Li-Fi provides a safe communication in environments

such as mines and petrochemical plants, because it
doesn't cause electromagnetic interference which
appears in RF communications. Li-Fi can also be used
in petroleum or chemical plants where other
frequencies could be hazardous.
LI-FI VS WI-FI
technolog Bandwidt speed Data range security Power Ecologica cost
y h density availabilit l impact
expansion y
WI-FI Limited 150mbps Low medium Good Low medium Medium
LI-FI Exception >10gbps high Low excellent high low low

al
Challenges for Li-Fi
A major challenge is how the receiving devicewill
transmit data back to transmitter.
 Another important issue is interference from external
light sources like sun light, normal bulbs; opaque
materials in the path of transmission will cause
interruption in the communication.
 Another disadvantage is that Li-Fi doesn't work in the
dark or light can't pass through objects, so if the receiver
is inadvertently blocked in any way, then the signal will
immediately cut out. And the signal is easily blocked by
somebody simply walking in front of the LED source.

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DONBOSCO HIGH SCHOOL

With Li-Fi, your light blub is essentially your router. It

Subsequently, in 2012 after four years of research,

Li-Fi and Wi-Fi are quite similar as both transmit data

As we now know, Li-Fi is a Visible Light

For example, data is fed into an LED light bulb (with

Any lighting devices like car lights, ceiling lights,

Because of the signal will not travel through walls, it

We have to switch off mobiles in aircrafts to prevent

Li-Fi can be used as a powerful means of

Li-Fi provides a safe communication in environments

WI-FI Limited 150mbps Low medium Good Low medium Medium

LI-FI Exception >10gbps high Low excellent high low low

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