Intro To Gases and Gas Laws

Introduction to Gases
EQ:
How do we use the Kinetic
Molecular Theory to explain
the behavior of gases?
States of Matter
 2 main factors determine state:
• The forces (inter/intramolecular) holding particles together
• The kinetic energy present (the energy an object possesses due to its motion of the particles)
• KE tends to ‘pull’ particles apart
Kinetic Energy , States of Matter & Temperature
 Gases have a higher kinetic energy because their particles move a lot more than
in a solid or a liquid
 As the temperature increases, there gas particles move faster, and thus kinetic
energy increases.
Characteristics of Gases
 Gases expand to fill any container.
• random motion, no attraction
 Gases are fluids (like liquids).
• no attraction
 Gases have very low densities.
• no volume = lots of empty space
Characteristics of Gases
 Gases can be compressed.
• no volume = lots of empty space
 Gases undergo diffusion & effusion (across a barrier with small holes).
• random motion
Converting between Kelvin and Celsius
C  K  273 K = ºC + 273
a) 0oC =_____K
b) 100oC= _____K
c) 25oC =______K
d) -12oC = ______K
e) -273K = ______oC
f) 23.5K = ______oC
g) 373.2K= ______oC
 LET’S HAVE A
BOARD WORK
Converting between Kelvin and Celsius
C  K  273 K = ºC + 273
a) -21oC =_____K
b) 166oC= _____K
c) -44oC =______K
d) 267oC = ______K
e) 150K = ______oC
f) 350K = ______oC
g) 400K= ______oC
Part B: The Gas Laws
Part B:
Learning Goals
I will be able to describe
Boyle’s, Charles’ and Gay-
Lussac’s Laws relating T,
P and/or V and be able to
calculate unknown values
using the equations
derived from these laws, as
well as the combined gas
law.
1. Intro to Boyle’s Law
 Imagine that you hold the tip of a syringe on the tip of your finger
so no gas can escape. Now push down on the plunger of the
syringe.
What happens to the volume in the syringe?
What happens to the pressure the gas is exerting in the syringe?

1. Boyle’s Law
1. Boyle’s Law
 The pressure and volume of a gas are
inversely proportional (as one increases,
the other decreases, and vice versa
• at constant mass & temp
V
1. Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law leads to the mathematical

expression: *Assuming temp is constant
P1V1=P2V2
Where P1 represents the initial
pressure
V1 represents the initial volume,
And P2 represents the final pressure
V2 represents the final volume
Example Problem:
A weather balloon with a volume of
2000L at a pressure of 96.3 kPa rises
to an altitude of 1000m, where the
atmospheric pressure is measured to
be 60.8kPa. Assuming there is no
change in the temperature or the
amount of gas, calculate the weather
balloon’s final volume.
Example Problem :
1. A sAmple of oxygen gas occupies a

volume of 250 mL at 740 torr pressure.
What volume will it occupy at 800 torr
pressure?
2. A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a

volume of 3.50 Liters at 125 kPa
pressure. What pressure would the gas
exert if the volume was decrease to 2
Liters?
You Try:
1. Atmospheric pressure on the peak
of Kilimanjaro can be as low as 0.20
atm. If the volume of an oxygen tank
is 10.0L, at what pressure must the
tank be filled so the gas inside would
occupy a volume of 1.2 L at this
pressure?
You Try:
2. A 2.00 Liter container of a nitrogen had

a pressure of 3.20 atm. What volume
would be necessary to decrease the
pressure to 1.00 atm?
3. ammonia gas occupies a volume of 450

mL as a pressure of 720 mmHg. What
volume will it occupy at standard pressure
760 mmHg?
You Try:
4. A 175 mL sample of neonhad its

pressure changed from 75.0 kPa to 150
kPa. What is its new volume?
5. A sample of hydrogen at 1.50 atm had

its pressure decreased to 0.50 atm
producing a new volume of 750 mL. What
was the sample’s orginal volume?
2. Intro to Charles’ Law
 Imagine that you put a balloon filled with gas in liquid nitrogen
What is happening to the temperature of the gas in the

balloon?
What will happen to the volume of the balloon?

2. Charles’ Law
2. Charles’ Law
 The volume and absolute temperature (K) of
a gas are directly proportional (an increase
in temp leads to an increase in volume)
• at constant mass & pressure
T
2. Charles’ Law
2. Charles’ Law
 Charles’ Law leads to the mathematical
expression:
*Assuming pressure remains constant

Example Problem:
A birthday balloon is filled to a volume of 1.5L of helium gas in an
air-conditioned room at 293K. The balloon is taken outdoors on a
warm day where the volume expands to 1.55L. Assuming the
pressure and the amount of gas remain constant, what is the air
temperature outside in Celsius?
You Try:
1. A beach ball is inflated to a volume
of 25L of air at 15oC. During the
afternoon, the volume increases by
1L. What is the new temperature
outside?
2. Find the initial volume of a gas at

150 K, if the final volume is 6 L at
100 K.
YOU TRY
3. Calculate the decrease in
temperature (in Celsius) when 2.00
L at 21.0 °C is compressed to 1.00
L.
4. 600.0 mL of air is at 20.0 °C. What

is the volume at 60.0 °C?
YOU TRY
5. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a
temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the
volume at 132.0 °C?
6. When the volume of a gas is changed

from ____ mL to 852 mL, the
temperature Will change from 315 oC to
452 oC. What is the starting volume?
YOU TRY
7. At 210.0 oC a gas has a volume of

8.00 L. What is the volume of this
gas at -23 oC?
8. At 225 oC a gas has a volume of

400.0 mL. What is the volume of this
gas at 127.0 oC?
YOU TRY
9. Given 300.0 mL of a gas at 17.0 oC.

What is its volume at 10.0 oC?
10. What change in volume results if

60.0 mL of gas is cooled from 33.0 oC to
5.00 oC?
3. Intro to Gay-Lussac’s Law
 Imagine you have a balloon inside a container that ensures it
has a fixed volume. You heat the balloon.
What is happening to the temp of the gas inside the balloon?
What will happen to the pressure the gas is exerting on the

balloon?
3. Gay-Lussac’s Law
 The pressure and absolute temperature
(K) of a gas are directly proportional (as
temperature rises, so does pressure)
• at constant mass & volume
T
2. Gay-Lussac’s Law
 Gay-Lussac’s Law leads to the mathematical
expression:
*Assuming volume remains constant
Egg in a bottle to show Gay-Lussac's Law:

T & P relationship:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_JnUBk1JPQ
Example Problem:
1. The pressure of the oxygen gas inside a
canister with a fixed volume is 5.0atm at
15oC. What is the pressure of the oxygen
gas inside the canister if the temperature
changes to 263K? Assume the amount
of gas remains constant.
2. Determine the pressure change when a

constant volume of gas at 1.00 atm is
heated from 20.0 oC to 30.0 oC.
YOU TRY
3. A gas has a pressure of 0.370 atm

at 50 oC. What is the pressure at
standard temperature?
4. A gas has a pressure of 699.0

mmHg at 40.0 oC. What is the
temperature at standard pressure?
You Try:
5. The pressure of a gas in a sealed
canister is 350.0kPa at a room
temperature of 15oC. The canister is
placed in a refrigerator that drops the
temperature of the gas by 20K. What is
the new pressure in the canister?
6. If a gas is cooled from 323.0 K to 273.15

K and the volume is kept constant. What
final pressure would result if the oroginal
pressure was 750.0 mmHg?
4. Combined Gas Law
By combining Boyle’s, Charles’ and Gay
Lussac’s Laws, the following equation is
derived:
P1 V1 P2V2
=
T1 T2
Example Problem:
Problem #1: A gas has a volume of 800.0 mL
at −23.0 °C and 300.0 torr. What would the
volume of the gas be at 227.0 °C and 600.0
torr of pressure?
P1 = 300.0 torr P2 = 600.0 torr

V1 = 800.0 mL V2 = x
T1 = 250. K T2 = 500. K
Any Combination Questions 
Problem #2: You have a sample of gas with a pressure of
1.86 atm, volume of 4.33 L, and temperature of 26.5 °C. If
you cool it to 12.7 °C and decrease the volume to 3.45 L,
what will the pressure be?.
Problem #3: A balloon of air now occupies 10.0 L at 25.0 °C

and 1.00 atm. What temperature was it initially, if it occupied
9.40 L and was in a freezer with a pressure of 0.939 atm?
How Did You Do?
Part B:
Learning Goals
I will be able to describe
Boyle’s, Charles’ and Gay-
Lussac’s Laws relating T,
P and/or V and be able to
calculate unknown values
using the equations
derived from these laws, as
well as the combined gas
law.
YOU TRY
 1. A gas has a volume of 800.0 mL

at -23.0 °C and 300.0 torr. What
would the volume of the at 227.0 °C
and 600.0 torr of pressue?
 2. 500.0 liters of a gas in a flexible-
walled container are prepared at
700.0 mmHg and 200.0 °C. The gas
is placed into a tank under high
pressure. When the tank cools to 20.0
°C, the pressure of the gas is 30.0 atm.
What is the volume of a gas?
 3. A balloon of air now occupies
10.0 L at 25.0 °C and 1.00 atm. What
temperature was it initially, if it
occupied 9.40 L and was in a freezer
with a pressure of 0.939 atm?
 4. What is the density, in g/L, for a
gaseous compound at STP if the
gas in a 1.00 L bulb weighs 0.672 g
at 25 °C and 733.4 mmHg?
 5. What is the volume of gas at
2.00 atm and 200.0 °C if its original
volume was 300.0 L at 0.250 atm and
400.0 °C.

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Introduction to Gases

What happens to the volume in the syringe?

What happens to the pressure the gas is exerting in the syringe?

Boyle’s Law leads to the mathematical

1. A sAmple of oxygen gas occupies a

2. A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a

2. A 2.00 Liter container of a nitrogen had

3. ammonia gas occupies a volume of 450

4. A 175 mL sample of neonhad its

5. A sample of hydrogen at 1.50 atm had

What is happening to the temperature of the gas in the

What will happen to the volume of the balloon?

*Assuming pressure remains constant

2. Find the initial volume of a gas at

4. 600.0 mL of air is at 20.0 °C. What

6. When the volume of a gas is changed

7. At 210.0 oC a gas has a volume of

8. At 225 oC a gas has a volume of

9. Given 300.0 mL of a gas at 17.0 oC.

10. What change in volume results if

What is happening to the temp of the gas inside the balloon?

What will happen to the pressure the gas is exerting on the

*Assuming volume remains constant

Egg in a bottle to show Gay-Lussac's Law:

2. Determine the pressure change when a

3. A gas has a pressure of 0.370 atm

4. A gas has a pressure of 699.0

6. If a gas is cooled from 323.0 K to 273.15

P1 = 300.0 torr P2 = 600.0 torr

Problem #3: A balloon of air now occupies 10.0 L at 25.0 °C

 1. A gas has a volume of 800.0 mL

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