Objectives of the lesson:

- Define Typhoon

- Describe how Typhoon develops

- Explain how Typhoon is being

affected by landmasses and bodies
of water
Trivia Question: We hear
weathercasters talk about typhoons,
hurricanes and cyclones – so what’s the
difference?

a)Typhoons are bigger than cyclones;

cyclones are bigger than hurricanes.
b) Hurricanes are stronger than
typhoons and cyclones.
c) Hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones
occur in different geographical areas.
 The correct answer is c.
Typhoons, cyclones and
hurricanes are the same weather
phenomenon – the difference is
the geographical area where
they occur. They are tropical
cyclones with regionally specific
names.
 In 1963 by the Philippine Weather
Bureau through the use of four sets of
alphabetically arranged Filipino women
nicknames ending in “ng” that are
alternately used every four years. In 1999, the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services (PAGASA) held a
nationwide search for new generation tropical
cyclone names. It was dubbed as “Name the
Bagyo Contest.” The result of the search
which was picked out from more than 18,000
entries was 140 no- gender-bias names that
will be used until 2016 by PAGASA.
 According to the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical, and
Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA), about 20 tropical cyclones
enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility each year.
WHAT CAN YOU
SAY?
Describe the picture…
 Winds in a typhoon move in a
certain direction; they go around a
central area.
The appearance of the clouds in a
typhoon are in a spiral
arrangement; they are being blown
by winds in a counter-clockwise
direction.
 CATEGORY MAXIMUM WIND SPEED
KILOMETERS PER HOUR
(kph)
Tropical Depression 64
Tropical Storm 118
Typhoon 200
Supertyphoon Greater than 200

The term typhoon is used only in the northwestern part of

the Pacific Ocean.
In the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean and in
the
northern part of the Atlantic ocean, the equivalent term is
PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY (PAR)
Points Latutude, Longitude
A 5oN, 115oE
B 15oN, 115oE
C 21oN, 120oE
D 25oN, 120oE
E 25oN, 135oE
F 5oN, 135oE

POINTS OF THE
PAR
 Can you answer these
questions?
Q1. If a typhoon is located at
15oN,138oE, is it within the PAR?

Q2. How about if the typhoon is

at
19oN, 117oE, is it inside the PAR?
 Can you answer these
questions?
Q1. Where did the tropical cyclone
form? On land or in the ocean?
Q2. What can you say about the
temperature of the bodies of water
in the vicinity of the Philippines? Is
the water warm or cold?
 Can you answer these
questions?
Q3. In what direction did the
tropical cyclones move?
Q4. Which part of the Philippines
was hit by the four tropical
cyclones?
 Can you answer these
questions?
Q5. In the case of Agaton, Yoyong,
and Huaning, where did they die
out? Near land or in the middle of
the ocean?
How does a Typhoon being develop?

- Tropical cyclones need water vapor in order to

form.
- Tropical cyclones require warm ocean waters to
be able to develop. (26.5 oC or greater)
- Tropical cyclones generally move in a
northwest direction.
- When tropical cyclones reach land, they die out
because they are cut off from the warm ocean
waters that keep them going.
PARTS OF
TYPHOON
• The lowest air pressure is at the eye of
a tropical cyclone
• At the eye of a tropical cyclone, wind
speed is low.
• At the eyewall, the wind speed is great.
• When the eye of a tropical cyclone
passes over a certain place, it is the
winds at the eyewall that wreak a lot
of damage.
PUBLIC STORM
WARNING SIGNALS
 PSWS # 1 (30-60 kph)
METEOROLOGICA
L CONDITIONS:
A tropical cyclone
will affect
the locality.
Winds of 30-60 kph may be
expected in at least 36
hours or intermittent rains
may be expected within 36
hours.

WHAT TO DO:
Inspect your house if necessary repair/fixing is needed.
Clean up drainage system.
Harvest crops that can be
 PSWS # 1
IMPACT OF THE WINDS:
Twigs and branches of
small trees may be broken.
Some banana plants may
be tilted or downed.
Some houses of very light
materials (nipa and
cogon) may be partially
unroofed.

Unless this warning signal is upgraded during the entire

existence of the tropical cyclone, only very light or no damage at
all may be sustained by the exposed communities.
Rice crop, however, may suffer significant damage when it is in
its flowering stage.
 PSWS # 1
PRECAUTIONARY
MEASURES:
When the tropical cyclone is
strong or is intensifying and
is moving closer, this signal
may be upgraded to the next
higher level.
The waves on coastal
waters may gradually
develop and become bigger
and higher.

The people are advised to listen to the latest severe weather

bulletin issued by PAGASA every six hours. In the meantime,
business may be carried out as usual except when flood
occur. Disaster preparedness is activated to alert status.
 PSWS # 2 (60-100 kph)
METEOROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS:
A tropical cyclone will
affect the the locality.
Winds of greater than 60
kph and up to 100 kph may
be expected in at least 24
hours.

WHAT TO DO:
Prepare flashlights, batteries , matches, kerosene lamps, or
candles and charcoal in anticipation of power failure, first aid
kit and store ready to eat foods.
Keep your cell phones fully charged.
Elevate household things in case of flooding.
 PSWS # 2
IMPACT OF THE WINDS:
Some coconut trees may be
tilted with few others
broken. Few big trees may
be uprooted.
Many banana plants may be
downed.
Rice and corn may
be adversely
affected.
Large number of nipa and cogon houses may be partially or
totally unroofed.
Some old galvanized iron roofings may be peeled off.
In general, the winds may bring light to moderate damage to
 PSWS # 2
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
The sea and coastal waters are
dangerous to small seacrafts
Special attention should be
given to the latest position, the
direction and speed of
movement and the intensity of
the storm as it may intensify and
move towards the locality.
The general public especially people travelling by sea and air are
cautioned to avoid unnecessary risks.
Outdoor activities of children should be
postponed. Secure properties before the signal is
upgraded.
Disaster preparedness agencies / organizations are
PSWS # 3 (100-185 kph)
METEOROLOGICA
L CONDITIONS:
A tropical cyclone will affect
the locality.
Winds of greater than 100 kph
up to 185 kph may be expected
in at least 18 hours.
 PSWS # 3
WHAT TO DO:
If the house is not strong
enough to withstand the
battering of strong winds go to
designated evacuation center
aor seek shelter in stronger
houses.
Stay in safe houses until after
the disturbances has left the
area.

Evacuate from low-lying area and reiverbanks and stay away

from
coastal areas for possible flooding and strom surge.
All travel and outdoor activities should be
 PSWS # 3
IMPACT OF THE WINDS:
Many coconut trees may
be broken or destroyed.
Almost all banana plants may
be downed and a large number
of trees may be uprooted.
Rice and corn crops may
suffer heavy losses.
Majority of all nipa and cogon houses may be unroofed or
destroyed and there may be considerable damage to structures of
light to medium construction.
There may be widespread disruption of electrical power
and communication services.
In general, moderate to heavy damage may be
experienced,
 PSWS # 3
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
The disturbance is dangerous
to the communities
threatened/affected.
The sea and coastal waters
will be very dangerous to all
seacrafts.
Travel is very risky especially
by sea and air.
People are advised to seek shelter in strong buildings, evacuate
low-
lying areas and to stay away from the coasts and river banks.
Watch out for the passage of the "eye" of the typhoon indicated by
a sudden occurrence of fair weather immediately after very bad
weather with very strong winds coming generally from the north.
 PSWS # 3
When the "eye" of the typhoon
hit the community do not
venture away from the safe
shelter because after one to
two hours the worst weather
will resume with the very
strong winds coming from the
south.

Classes in all levels should be suspended and children should stay

in
the safety of strong buildings.
Disaster preparedness and response agencies/organizations are
in action with appropriate response to actual emergency.
PSWS # 4 (more than 185 kph)
METEOROLOGICA
L CONDITIONS:
A very intense typhoon will
affect the locality.
Very strong winds of more
than 185 kph may be expected
in at least 12 hours.
 PSWS # 4
WHAT TO DO:
If the house is not strong
enough to withstand the
battering of strong winds go to
designated evacuation center
aor seek shelter in stronger
houses.

Stay in safe houses until after the disturbances has left the area.
Evacuate from low-lying area and reiverbanks and stay away
from coastal areas for possible flooding and strom surge.
All travel and outdoor activities should be cancelled.
Watch out for the passage of the "Eye Wall and the "Eye" of the
 PSWS # 4
IMPACT OF THE WINDS:
Coconut plantation may
suffer extensive damage.
Many large trees may
be uprooted.
Rice and corn plantation
may suffer severe losses.

Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed

construction may be severely damaged.
Electrical power distribution and communication services
may be severely disrupted.
In the overall, damage to affected communities can be very
heavy.
 PSWS # 4
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
The situation is potentially
very destructive to the
community.
All travels and outdoor
activities should be cancelled.
Evacuation to safer shelters
should have been completed
since it may be too late under
this situation.

With PSWS #4, the locality is very likely to be hit directly by

the eye of the typhoon. As the eye of the typhoon
approaches, the weather will continuously worsen with the
winds increasing to its strongest coming generally from the
 PSWS # 4
Then a sudden improvement of
the weather with light winds (a
lull) will be experienced. This
means that the eye of the
typhoon is over the locality.
This improved weather may
last for one to two hours
depending on the diameter of
the eye and the speed of
movement.

As the eye moves out of the locality, the worst weather

experienced before the lull will suddenly commence. This
time the very strong winds will come generally from the
south.
PSWS # 4
The disaster coordinating
councils concerned and other
disaster response organizations
are now fully responding to
emergencies and in full
readiness to immediately
respond to possible calamity.
SUPER TYPHOON (more than 220 kph)

Very strong winds.

Total damage in the

area..
 Prepared By:

Edlyn A. Labog
Science 8 Teacher