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    Biological Effects of Radiation: Sayan Samanta BWU/BRI/21/109

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    Sayan Samanta
    The biological effects of radiation can impact living cells in three ways: cells repair with no damage, cells die and are replaced, or cells incorrectly repair resulting in genetic changes. High radiation doses tend to kill cells immediately, while low doses damage DNA over long periods of time. The effects of radiation occur through ionization of atoms, which removes electrons from molecules. Possible effects on cells include remaining undamaged, repairing and functioning normally or abnormally, or dying from the damage. Acute doses delivered over days can damage blood, gastrointestinal tracts, or central nervous systems, while chronic small doses over years pose risk of genetic effects in future generations.

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    Biological Effects of Radiation: Sayan Samanta BWU/BRI/21/109

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    Sayan Samanta
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    The biological effects of radiation can impact living cells in three ways: cells repair with no damage, cells die and are replaced, or cells incorrectly repair resulting in genetic changes. High radiation doses tend to kill cells immediately, while low doses damage DNA over long periods of time. The effects of radiation occur through ionization of atoms, which removes electrons from molecules. Possible effects on cells include remaining undamaged, repairing and functioning normally or abnormally, or dying from the damage. Acute doses delivered over days can damage blood, gastrointestinal tracts, or central nervous systems, while chronic small doses over years pose risk of genetic effects in future generations.

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    The biological effects of radiation can impact living cells in three ways: cells repair with no damage, cells die and are replaced, or cells incorrectly repair resulting in genetic changes. High radiation doses tend to kill cells immediately, while low doses damage DNA over long periods of time. The effects of radiation occur through ionization of atoms, which removes electrons from molecules. Possible effects on cells include remaining undamaged, repairing and functioning normally or abnormally, or dying from the damage. Acute doses delivered over days can damage blood, gastrointestinal tracts, or central nervous systems, while chronic small doses over years pose risk of genetic effects in future generations.

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    7 views10 pages

    Biological Effects of Radiation: Sayan Samanta BWU/BRI/21/109

    Uploaded by

    Sayan Samanta
    The biological effects of radiation can impact living cells in three ways: cells repair with no damage, cells die and are replaced, or cells incorrectly repair resulting in genetic changes. High radiation doses tend to kill cells immediately, while low doses damage DNA over long periods of time. The effects of radiation occur through ionization of atoms, which removes electrons from molecules. Possible effects on cells include remaining undamaged, repairing and functioning normally or abnormally, or dying from the damage. Acute doses delivered over days can damage blood, gastrointestinal tracts, or central nervous systems, while chronic small doses over years pose risk of genetic effects in future generations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF

    RADIATION
    Sayan Samanta
    BWU/BRI/21/109
    Definition:
    The harmful effects caused to human
    beings and other living beings due to
    their exposure to radiation is called
    as biological effects of radiation.
    • Biological effects of radiation on living cells
    may result in three outcomes:
    (1)injured or damaged cells repair themselves,
    resulting in no residual damage
    (2)cells die, much like millions of body cells do
    every day, being replaced through normal
    biological processes; or
    (3)cells incorrectly repair themselves resulting
    in a biophysical change.
    • High radiation doses tend to kill cells, while low
    doses tend to damage or alter the genetic code
    (DNA) of irradiated cells. High doses can kill so
    many cells that tissues and organs are damaged
    immediately. This in turn may cause a rapid body
    response often called Acute Radiation Syndrome
    • low doses – less than 10,000 mrem (100 mSv) –
    spread out over long periods of time (years) don't
    cause an immediate problem to any body organ.
    The effects of low doses of radiation occurs after
    many years.
    • EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON CELLS
    • Biological effect begins with the ionization of
    atoms. The mechanism by which radiation
    causes damage to human tissue, or any other
    material, is by ionization of atoms in the
    material. Ionizing radiation absorbed by
    human tissue has enough energy to remove
    electrons from the atoms that make up
    molecules of the tissue.
    • The following are possible effects of radiation on
    cells:

    • Cells are undamaged by the dose


    • Cells are damaged, repair the damage and operate normally
    • Cells are damaged, repair the damage and operate abnormally
    • Cells die as a result of the damage
    Acute radiation dose
    An acute radiation dose is defined as a large dose (10
    rad or greater, to the whole body) delivered during a
    short period of time (on the order of a few days at the
    most). If large enough, it may result in effects which
    are observable within a period of hours to weeks.

    • Blood‐forming organ (Bone marrow) syndrome (>100 rad)


    • Gastrointestinal tract syndrome (>1000 rad)
    • Central nervous system syndrome (>5000 rad)
    Chronic radiation dose

    A chronic dose is a relatively small amount of


    radiation received over a long period of time.
    The body is better equipped to tolerate a chronic
    dose than an acute dose. The body has time to
    repair damage because a smaller percentage of
    the cells need repair at any given time. The body
    also has time to replace dead or non‐functioning
    cells with new, healthy cells. This is the type of
    dose received as occupational exposure.
    SOMATIC VS GENETIC EFFECTS

    • Somatic effects appear in the exposed person. Somatic


    effects may be divided into two classes based on the rate at which the dose was
    received.

    • Genetic, or heritable effects appear in the future


    generations of the exposed person as a result of
    radiation damage to the reproductive cells.
    Thank you

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