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    Parasitic Infections

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    Theophilus Siatubotu
    This document summarizes common gastrointestinal parasitic infections. It discusses various types of parasites that can infect the GI tract, including roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, and protozoa. Specific parasites covered in more detail include Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Entamoeba histolytica (causes amoebic dysentery), Giardia intestinalis, Strongyloids stercoralis, various tapeworms such as Taenia saginata and Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides. For each parasite, symptoms and recommended treatment options are provided. Common drugs used to treat GI parasites include mebendazole, albendazole,

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    Parasitic Infections

    Uploaded by

    Theophilus Siatubotu
    6 views15 pages
    This document summarizes common gastrointestinal parasitic infections. It discusses various types of parasites that can infect the GI tract, including roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, and protozoa. Specific parasites covered in more detail include Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Entamoeba histolytica (causes amoebic dysentery), Giardia intestinalis, Strongyloids stercoralis, various tapeworms such as Taenia saginata and Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides. For each parasite, symptoms and recommended treatment options are provided. Common drugs used to treat GI parasites include mebendazole, albendazole,

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    AntiHelminths

    Original Title

    PARASITIC INFECTIONS

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    This document summarizes common gastrointestinal parasitic infections. It discusses various types of parasites that can infect the GI tract, including roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, and protozoa. Specific parasites covered in more detail include Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Entamoeba histolytica (causes amoebic dysentery), Giardia intestinalis, Strongyloids stercoralis, various tapeworms such as Taenia saginata and Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides. For each parasite, symptoms and recommended treatment options are provided. Common drugs used to treat GI parasites include mebendazole, albendazole,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views15 pages

    Parasitic Infections

    Uploaded by

    Theophilus Siatubotu
    This document summarizes common gastrointestinal parasitic infections. It discusses various types of parasites that can infect the GI tract, including roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, and protozoa. Specific parasites covered in more detail include Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Entamoeba histolytica (causes amoebic dysentery), Giardia intestinalis, Strongyloids stercoralis, various tapeworms such as Taenia saginata and Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides. For each parasite, symptoms and recommended treatment options are provided. Common drugs used to treat GI parasites include mebendazole, albendazole,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    PARASITIC

    INFECTIONS OF
    THE GIT
    MRS LUMAMBA
    INTRODUCTION

     Parasites include various protozoa and worms which may


    infect humans, causing parasitic diseases.
     Many parasites do not cause diseases. Parasitic infection
    can affect practically all living organisms, including
    plants and animals.
    COMMON TYPES OF PARASITES

     Roundworms
     Tapeworms
     Hook worms
     Heart worms
     Amoeba
     Flies, Fleas, Lice,
     Mites and Ticks
     Each causes different symptoms and different infections
    GIT PARASITIC INFECTIONS
    GIT PARASITIC INFECTIONS

     Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba


    histolytica, Strongyloids stercoralis and Ascaris
    lumbricoides,
    E. vermicularis

     E. vermicularis, commonly referred to as the pinworm or


    seatworm, is a nematode, or roundworm, with the largest
    geographic range of any helminth.
    E. vermicularis

    TREATMENT
     Primary: Mebendazole -  binds to the colchicine-sensitive site of
    tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into
    microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to
    impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the
    susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores. Due to
    diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and
    eventually dies.
    E. vermicularis

     Secondary: Pyrantel pamoate, 11 mg per kg (maximum of


    1 g) orally once; or albendazole , 400 mg orally once If
    persistent, repeat treatment in two weeks. Do not give to
    children younger than two years.
      depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, thereby
    causing sudden contraction, followed by paralysis, of the
    helminths. results in causing the worm to "lose its grip"
    on the intestinal wall and be passed out of the system by
    natural process.
    ENTAMOEBA HYSTOLYTICA-
    PROTOZOAN PARASITE

     Causes amoebic dysentery


     SYMPTOMS: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, fever,
    vomiting, bloody stool, weightloss
     TREATMENT: Susceptible to Metronidazole, Tinidazone,
    Ornidazole, Deloxanide furoate( Destroys trophozoites)
    Tetracycline
    GIARDIA INTESTINALIS

     Causative agent of giardiasis


     Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, fever
     Prevention: use of filtered water
    TREATMENT
     Metronidazole, tinidazole or (nitazoxanide- Disrupts
    energy production in anerobic microbes)
     Metronidazole is the current first-line therapy
    STRONGYLOIDS STERCORALIS

    Strongyloides stercoralis is a  human pathogenic parasitic


    round worm  causing the disease  Strongyloidiasis.
    Treatment
     Ivermectin is the drug of first line- Binds to clˉ channels in
    muscle and nerve cells causing hyperpolarization leading
    to paralysis and death of parasite
     second-line  Albendazole.
    CESTODES: TAPEWORMS

     Most common tapeworms in humans are the pork


    tapeworm (T. solium), the beef tapeworm (T. saginata), the
    fish tapeworm and the dwarf tapeworm
    CESTODES: TAPEWORMS

    TREATMENT
     Praziquantel-causing severe spasms and paralysis of the
    worms' muscles. This paralysis is accompanied - and
    probably caused - by a rapid Ca 2+ influx inside the
    schistosome
     Niclosamide- uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
    ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

     Ascariasis
    is a disease of humans caused by the parasitic
    roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides.
     CAUSE : Infection occurs by swallowing food
    contaminated with Ascaris eggs from feces.
    Treatment:
     Mebendazole/ Albendazole,
     Piperazine-GABA receptor agonist leading to
    hyperpolarization of nerve endings and flaccid paralysis
    THE END

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