Iot U-IV Updated

What is an IoT Device
• A "Thing" in Internet of Things (IoT) can be any

object that has a unique identifier and which can
send/receive data (including user data) over a
network (e.g., smartphone, smart TV, computer,
refrigerator, car, etc. ).
• IoT devices are connected to the Internet and send

information about themselves or about their
surroundings (e.g. information sensed by the connected
sensors) over a network (to other devices or
servers/storage) or allow actuation upon the physical
entities/environment around them remotely.
IoT Device Examples
• A home automation device that allows remotely monitoring the
status of appliances and controlling the appliances.
• An industrial machine which sends information about its operation
and health monitoring data to a server.
• A car which sends information about its location to a cloud-based
service.
• A wireless-enabled wearable device that measures data about a
person such as the number of steps walked and sends the data to a
cloud-based service.
Basic building blocks of an IoT Device
• Sensing
• Sensors can be either on-board the IoT device or attached to the device.
• Actuation
• IoT devices can have various types of actuators attached that allow taking
• actions upon the physical entities in the vicinity of the device.
• Communication
• Communication modules are responsible for sending collected data to
other devices or cloud-based servers/storage and receiving data from other
devices and commands from remote applications.
• Analysis & Processing
• Analysis and processing modules are responsible for making sense of
the collected data.
Block diagram of an IoT Device
Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi
• Raspberry Pi is a low-cost mini-computer with the physical size of
a credit card.
• Raspberry Pi runs various ﬂavors of Linux and can perform almost
all tasks that a normal desktop computer can do.
• Raspberry Pi also allows interfacing sensors and actuators through
the general purpose I/O pins.
• Since Raspberry Pi runs Linux operating system, it supports
Python "out of the box".
About the Board
• Processor & RAM: Raspberry Pi board on a ARM processor. The latest
versions of Raspberry Pi(model B, Revision2) comes with 700 MHz Low
Power ARM1176JZ-F processor and 512 MB SD RAM.
• USB Ports: Raspberry Pi comes with two USB 2.0 ports.
• ETHERNET Ports: Raspberry Pi comes with a standard RJ45 Ethernet
Port. You can connect a Ethernet Cable or a USB Wifi adapter too provide
Internet connectivity.
• HDMI Output: The HDMI port on Raspberry Pi provides both video and
audio output.
• Composite Video Output: It comes with an RCA jack that supports both
PAL and NTSC video output. The RCA jack can be used to connect old
televisions that have an RCA input only.
• Audio Output: Raspberry Pi comes with 3.5mm audio output jack. It can
provide audio output to old televisions .
• GPIO Pins: It comes with a number of general purpose input/output pins.
There are 4 types of pins on Raspberry Pi-true GPIO pins,12C interface
pins, SPI interface pins and serial Rx and Tx pins.
• Display Serial Interface(DSI): The DSI interface can be used to connect
an LCD panel to Raspberry Pi.
• Camera Serial Interface(CSI): The CSI interface can be used to connect
a camera module to Raspberry Pi.
• Status LEDs: Raspberry Pi has 5 status LEDs.
Status LED Function

ACT SD card access
PWR 3.3V Power is present
FDX Full duplex LAN connected
LNK Link/Network activity
100 100 Mbit LAN connected
• SD Card Slot: Raspberry Pi does not have a built in Operating System.
You will require atleast an 8GB SD Card for setting up NOOBS( New
Out-of-the-Box Software).
• Power Input: Raspberry Pi has a micro-USB connector for power input.
Raspberry Pi Board
Linux on Raspberry Pi
• Raspbian
• Raspbian Linux is a Debian Wheezy port optimized for Raspberry Pi.
• Arch
• Arch is an Arch Linux port for AMD devices.
• Pidora
• Pidora Linux is a Fedora Linux optimized for Raspberry Pi.
• RaspBMC
• RaspBMC is an XBMC media-center distribution for Raspberry Pi.
• OpenELEC
• OpenELEC is a fast and user-friendly XBMC media-center distribution.
• RISC OS
• RISC OS is a very fast and compact operating system.
Raspberry Pi GPIO
Raspberry Pi OS Installation
Hardware Required:
Software Required:
• Raspberry Pi Kit • Raspbian OS
• Charger • SD CARD Formatter
• Card Reader • IP address Scanner
• Memory Card • Putty Software
• LAN Cable • VNC Viewer
• Hardware Connector
• HDMI Cable
Note: Refer Operating Systems installation procedure and Each

Software in your Lab manual
Raspberry Pi Interfaces
Serial-The serial interface on Raspberry Pi has receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx) pins
for communication with serial peripherals.
SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial data protocol used for
communicating with one or more peripheral devices. There are 5 pins for
Raspberry Pi for SPI interfaces
• MISO(Master In Slave Out): Master line for sending data to the peripherals.
• MOSI(Master Out Slave In): Slave line for sending data to the master.
• SCK(Serial Clock): Clock generated by master to synchronize data transmission.
• CEO(Chip Enable 0): To enable or disable devices.
• CEO(Chip Enable 1): To enable or disable devices.
I2C- The I2C interface pins on Raspberry Pi allow you to connect hardware
modules. I2C interface allows synchronous data transfer with just two pins -
SDA (data line) and SCL (clock line).
Programming Raspberry Pi with Python
• Controlling LED with Raspberry Pi

• Interfacing an LED and Switch with Raspberry Pi
• Interfacing a Light Sensor(LDR) with Raspberry Pi
Other Devices
• pcDuino
• BeagleBone Black
• Cubieboard
pcDuino-
• It is an Arduino-pin compatible single board mini-computer that comes with a
1 GHz ARM Cortex-A8 processor.
• pcDuino is a high performance and cost effective device that runs PC like OS
such as Ubuntu and Arduino ICS.
• It Supports programming languages such as C,C++,Java and Python.
BeagleBone Black:
• It is similar to Raspberry Pi,but a more powerful device.
• It comes with a 1 GHz ARM Cortex-A8 processor and supports both Linux and
Android Operating systems.
• Like Raspberry Pi, it has HDMI video/audio interface, USB and Ethernet ports.
Cubieboard:
• It is powered by a dual core ARM Cortex A7 processor and has a range of
input/output interfaces including HDMI, USB, IR, Serial, Ethernet, SATA and
96 pin extended interface
• It also provides SATA support.
• It can run on both Linux and Android Operating Systems.

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What is an IoT Device

• A "Thing" in Internet of Things (IoT) can be any

• IoT devices are connected to the Internet and send

Status LED Function

Note: Refer Operating Systems installation procedure and Each

• Controlling LED with Raspberry Pi

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