WEATHER

• IS THE STATE OF THE EARTHS

ATMOSPHERE WITH RESPECT TO
VISIBILITY,TEMP.,CLOUDINESS,ETC.
 CLIMATE
• REFERS TO PREVALENT
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION IN A
CERTAIN REGION.
REGION
 CLOUDS
• VISIBLE ASSEMBLAGES OF TINY
DROPLETS OF WATER OR ICE
CRYSTALS.FORMED BY COOLING OF
AIR BELOW ITS DEW POINT.
 HIGH CLOUDS
High-level clouds form above 20,000 feet
(6,000 meters) and since the temperatures
are so cold at such high elevations, these
clouds are primarily composed of ice
crystals.
crystals High-level clouds are typically thin
and white in appearance,
appearance but can appear in a
magnificent array of colors when the sun is low
on the horizon.
HIGH CLOUDS
 CIRRUS ( Ci )
The most common form of high-level clouds
are thin, wispy and silky appearance.
appearance
Typically found at heights greater than 20,000
feet (6,000 meters), cirrus clouds are
composed of ice crystals that originate from
the freezing of supercooled water droplets.
Cirrus generally occur in fair weather and
point in the direction of air movement at their
elevation.
 CIRROCUMULUS ( Cc )
• COMPOSED OF SMALL WHITE FLAKES
OR SCALES.(MACKEREL SKY).
COMPOSED OF ICE CRYSTALS OF VERY
SMALL ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF
GRAINS, RIPPLES ETC.
 CIRRUSTRATUS ( Cs )
• THIN,WHITISH FIBROUS ( HAIR LIKE )
HIGH CLOUDS COVERING THE SKY
COMPLETELY. HALOS MAY FORM
WITH THE SUN OR MOON (red color
inside), (MARE’S TAIL). IF IT
CONTINUES TO THICKEN AND
LOWER,IT BECOMES AN
ALTOSTRATUS AND RAIN MAY
NORMALLY BE EXPECTED WITHIN 24
HOURS.
 MIDDLE CLOUDS
Mid-level clouds typically appear between
6,500 to 20,000 feet ( 2,000 to 6,000
meters). Because of their lower altitudes,
they are composed primarily of water
droplets, however, they can also be
composed of ice crystals when
temperatures are cold enough.
 ALTO CUMULUS ( Ac )
• A LAYER OF LARGE,BALL LIKE
MASSES AND PARALLALEL BANDS
AND ROUNDED MASSES. IF THICKEN
OR LOWER,THEY MAY PRODUCE
THUNDERY WEATHER AND SHOWERS
BUT WILL NOT BRING PROLONGED
BAD WEATHER.
 ALTO STRATUS ( As )
A GRAYISH OR BLUISH,FIBROUS VEIL OR
SHEET.CORONA AROUND MOON OR
SUN ( RED COLOR OUTSIDE THE BODY ).
IF THICKEN OR LOWER, OR IF LOW
RAGGED RAINCLOUDS FORM BELOW
THEM, CONTINUOUS RAIN OR SNOW
MAY BE EXPECTED WITHIN FEW HOURS.
ALTOSTRATUS
 LOW CLOUDS
Low clouds are of mostly composed of
water droplets since their bases generally
lie below 6,500 feet (2,000 meters).
However, when temperatures are cold
enough, these clouds may also contain
ice particles and snow.
.
snow
 STRATOCUMULUS ( Sc )
• COMPOSED OF SOFT,GRAY,ROLL-
SHAPED MASSES. FOLLOWED BY
CLEAR SKIES DURING THE NIGHT.
Stratocumulus
 STRATUS ( St )
• LOW CLOUD IN A UNIFORM LAYER
RESEMBLING FOG BUT NOT RESTING
ON THE GROUND. THE WORD STRATUS
CAME FROM A LATIN WORD MEANING
“TO SPREAD OUT “.
Stratus
Stratus at sunset
 NIMBOSTRATUS ( Ns )
• LOW,DARK,SHAPELESS CLOUD LAYER
WITH RAGGED,WET-LOOKING BASES.
RAIN CLOUD.
CLOUD PRECIPITATION
IS,STEADY OR INTERMITTENT BUT
NOT SHOWERY.
 CUMULUS ( Cu )
• DENSE CLOUDS WITH VERTICAL
DEVELOPMENT (CLOUDS FORMED BY RISING
AIR WHICH IS COOLED AS IT REACHES
GREATER HEIGHTS). HAVE A HORIZONTAL
BASE AND DOMED-SHAPED UPPER
SURFACE,WITH PROTUBERANCES
EXTENDING ABOVE THE DOME.FAIR AND
GOOD WEATHER. (ATOLL CLOUDS). CUMULUS
CAME FROM A LATIN WORD MEANING “HEAP
OR PILE”.
Cumulus
 CUMULONIMBUS ( Cb )
MASSIVE CLOUD WITH GREAT VERTICAL
DEVELOPMENT,RISING IN MOUNTAINOUS
TOWERS TO GREAT HEIGHTS.SPREADS
OUT IN SHAPE OF AN ANVIL.PRODUCES
SHOWER OF RAIN,SNOW OR
HAIL,FREQUENTLY ACCOMPANIED BY
THUNDER. “THUNDERCLOUD”.
CUMULONIMBUS
CUMULONIMBUS
 FRONT
• BOUNDARY OF TWO DIFFERENT AIR
MASSES OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
FRONT
Warm front is defined as the transition zone
where a warm air mass is replacing a cold
air mass. Warm fronts generally move from
southwest to northeast and the air behind a
warm front is warmer and more moist than the
air ahead of it. When a warm front passes
through, the air becomes noticeably
warmer and more humid than it was before
Cold Front is the place where a cold air mass
replaces a warm air mass.
These different air masses do not mix because
they have different temperatures and densities. 
As the cold front develops, the warm air
behind the front is pushed up over the top of
the cold air. 
air This happens because the warm
air is lighter than the cold air. 
air You often see
clouds forming at a cold front.   This is because
as the warm air rises, it cools and condenses. 
Clouds are masses of cool condensed air
FIRST STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
A FRONTAL WAVE
A FULLY DEVELOPED FRONTAL WAVE
FRONTAL WAVE NEARING OCCLUSION
AN OCCLUDED FRONT
 COLD FRONT
• COLD AIR MASS UNDERUNNING /
DISPLACING A WARM AIR MASSES.
(SLOPE 1 : 50 MILES)

BLUE

BLUE
 WARM FRONT
• WARM AIR MASS REPLACING A COLD
AIR MASS. ( SLOPE 1 : 150 MILES )

RED
 OCCLUDED FRONT
• RESULTS WHEN FASTER MOVING
COLD FRONT OVERTAKES A SLOW
MOVING WARM FRONT.

PURPLE
STATIONARY FRONT OR QUASI
STATIONARY FRONT
• STATIONARY OR NEARLY
STATIONARY WITH SPEED OF
BELOW 5 KTS.

ALTERNATE
RED & BLUE
 50 mi 150 mi.

1 mi
1 mi.
1 mi.

COLD FRONT WARM FRONT

THUNDER SHOWERS RAIN STEADY PRECIPITATION

TEMP DECREASING TEMPERATURE INCREASING

BAR.SUDDEN RISE PRESSURE FALLING

VEERING WIND BACKING
VIS.
IMPROVED VISIBILITY POOR
Ac, Cu, Cb CLOUDS Ci, Cs, As, Ns
 AIR MASSES
• I. AIR MASSES ARE NAMED
ACCORDING TO SOURCE OF REGION:

• E – EQUATOR
• T – TROPICAL
• P – POLAR
• A – ARCTIC/ANTARTIC
• II. • III.

• m - MARITIME • w - WARM
• c - CONTINENTAL • K - COLD
 SW MONSOON LOW PRESSURE OVER THE LAND
SUMMER MONSOON MAY – SEPT. (INDIAN OCEAN)
SOUTHERLY WIND
(HABAGAT)

NE MONSOON LOW PRESSURE OVER THE SEA

WINTER MONSOON OCT. – APR. (CHINA SEA/PACIFIC)
NORTHERLY WIND
(AMIHAN)
 KINDS OF FOG
• 1.ADVECTION FOG – WARM MOIST AIR
BLOWS OVER A COLDER
SURFACE,AND IS COOLED BELOW ITS
DEW POINT.THIS TYPE OF FOG
USUALLY FORMED AT SEA.
SEA
• 2. RADIATION FOG – FOG OF LAND
ORIGIN.
ORIGIN IT IS FORMED BY
TEMPERATURE INVERSION.
INVERSION IT FORMS
AT NIGHT AND DISSIPATE IN THE
MORNING.
• 3. FROST SMOKE OR ARCTIC FOG –
FORMS WHEN VERY COLD AIR MOVES
OVER A WARMER WATER. IT FORMS
IN HIGHER LATITUDES.
 4. FRONTAL OR PRECIPITATION FOG
This fog type generally occurs when rain
falling from warm air aloft evaporates at or
near the surface under light wind
conditions. Such fogs are most common in
the vicinity of warm or stationary fronts, but
they can form at cold fronts as well. However,
cold fronts generally move and mix too quickly
to allow the condition to persist for long.
• 1. Which of the following lists of clouds
from highest in the sky to lowest in the
sky?
A. Altostratus, cirrostratus, stratus
B. Cirrostratus, altostratus, stratus
C. Stratus, cirrostratus, altostratus
D. Altostratus, stratus, cirrostratus
• 2. The bases of middle clouds are
located at altitudes of between:
A. 3,000 to 6,5000 ft.
B. 6,500 to 20,000 ft.
C. 10,000 to 35,000 ft.
D. 20,000 to 60,000 ft.
• 3. Uniform, grayish-white cloud sheets
that cover large portions of the sky and
are responsible for a large percentage of
the precipitation in the temperate
latitudes are called:
A. Altostratus
B. Altocumulus
C. Cirrostratus
D. Cirrocumulus
• 4. Clouds that form as a small flaky or
scaly globular masses covering either
small or large portions of the sky and are
nearly always white are:
A. Cirrus
B. Cirrostratus
C. Altostratus
D. Cirrocumulus
• 5. High clouds composed of small white
flakes or scaly globular masses are often
banded together to form a “mackerel sky”
would be classified as:
A. Cirrus
B. Cirrocumulus
C. Altocumulus
D. Cumulonimbus
• 6. The form of cloud often known as
“mackerel sky” which is generally
associated with fair weather is:
A. Nimbostratus
B. Stratus
C. Cirrocumulus
D. Cumulonimbus
• 7. A thin whitish high cloud popularly
known as “mare’s tails” is:
A. Altostratus
B. Stratus
C. Cumulus
D. Cirrus
• 8. The thin, whitish high clouds
composed of ice crystals, popularly
known as “mare’s tail” are:
A. Cirrostratus
B. Cirrocumulus
C. Cumulonimbus
D. Nimbostratus
• 9. Which of the following clouds
commonly produce a “halo” about the
sun or moon?
A. Cirrostratus
B. Cirrocumulus
C. Altostratus
D. Altocumulus
• 10. Altostratus clouds are defined as:
A. High clouds
B. Middle clouds
C. Low clouds
D. Vertical developments clouds
• 11. A cloud of marked vertical
development (often anvil-shaped) would
be classified as:
A. Cumulus
B. Cirrocumulus
C. Altocumulus
D. Cumulonimbus
• 12. All of the following are associated
with cumulonimbus clouds except:
A. Steady rainfall
B. Hail storms
C. Thunderstorms
D. Tornadoes and waterspouts
• 13. Which of the following clouds types
is normally associated with
thunderstorms?
A. Cirrus
B. Stratus
C. Cumulus
D. Cumulonimbus
• 14. An “atoll cloud” following over an
island due to heating of the land during
the daytime would be what type?
A. Cirrus
B. Cumulus
C. Stratus
D. Nimbus
• 15. In many areas “atoll” clouds (clouds
of vertical development) are produced
over small islands. These are the result
of:
A. Rising air currents produced by small
islands
B. Warm air from the sea rising over higher
land areas
C. Cool land air mixing with warm sea air
D. Descending air over the islands
• 16. A low uniform layer of cloud
resembling fog but not resting on the
ground is called:
A. Cumulus
B. Nimbus
C. Stratus
D. Cirrus
• 17. Fog forms when the air:
A. Is 50% water saturated
B. Is 90% water saturated
C. Temperature is greater than the dew
point temperature
D. Temperature equals or is below the
dew point temperature
• 18. Fog is most commonly associated
with a/an:
A. Warm front at night
B. Low pressure area
C. Anticyclone
D. Lack of frontal activity
• 19. Fog will occur when:
A. Cold air from shore passes over much
warmer water
B. Warm dry air from shore passes over
cooler water
C. Warm ocean air evaporates into hot air
D. Cool rain passes through a warm air
mass
• 20. When compared to air temperature,
which of the following factors is most
useful in predicting fog?
A. Vapor pressure
B. Dew point
C. Barometric pressure
D. Relative humidity
• 21. Which condition would most likely
result in fog?
A. Warm moist air blowing over cold water
B. Airborne dust particles
C. Warm moist air blowing over warm water
D. Dew point falling below the air
temperature
• 22. Which of the following will act to
dissipate fog?
A. Upwelling cold water
B. Advection of warm over a colder surface
C. Rain that is warmer than air
D. Downslope motion of an air mass along
the coast.
• 23. The fog most commonly encountered
at sea is called:
A. Conduction fog
B. Radiation fog
C. Frontal fog
D. Advection fog
• 24. Advection fog is most commonly
caused by:
A. Air being warmed above dew point
B. Warm moist air being blown over a
colder surface
C. A warm continental air mass moving
over the ocean
D. A rapid cooling of the air near the
surface of the earth at night
• 25. When warm moist air blows over a
colder surface and is cooled below its
dew point, it causes:
A. Radiation fog
B. Ice fog
C. Advection fog
D. Frost smoke
• 26. Which statement is true concerning
radiation fog?
A. It always forms over water
B. It is formed by a temperature inversion
C. It is thinnest at the surface
D. It dissipates during the evening
• 27. Steam fog is most likely to occur on
the Mississippi and Ohio rivers in:
A. Spring, around late evening
B. Spring, around early evening

C. Fall, around early morning

D. Fall, around midday
• 28. Which condition(s) is/are necessary
for the formation of dew?
A. Clear skies
B. Calm air
C. Earth’s surface cooler than the air
D. All of the above
• 29. A light, feathery deposit of ice
caused by the condensation of water
vapor directly in the crystalline form on
natural objects whose temperatures are
below freezing is known as;
A. Dew
B. Frost
C. Glaze
D. Snow
• 30. Freezing spray should be anticipated
when the air temperature drops below
what maximum, value?
A. 32 F
B. 28 F
C. 0 F
D.-40 F
• 31. Freezing rain and snow are most likely
to adhere to horizontal surfaces when the
air temperature is:
A. Slightly above 32 F
B. At 32 F
C. Just below 32 F
D. All of the above
• 32. When the air temperature is just 32°F,
freezing rain and snow adhere to:
A. Surfaces near to the waterline
B. On vertical windward surfaces
C. On horizontal windward surfaces
D. On vertical leeward surfaces
• 33. When a warm air mass is adjacent to a
cold air mass, the separation line between
the two is called a/an:
A. Front
B. Isobar
C. Isotherm
D. Isogonic
34. A plane of discontinuity or boundary
between two air masses is called a/an:
A. Lapse rate
B. Isobar
C. Front
D. Continent
35. Which is a characteristics of a
front?
A. It is a boundary between two masses
B. There are temperature differences on
opposite sides of a front
C. There are abrupt pressure differences
across a front
D. All of the above
• 36. Which is true concerning speed of
fronts?
A. Cold fronts move faster than warm fronts
B. Cold fronts move slower than warm
fronts
C. Cold fronts and warm fronts with equal
speed
D. Cold fronts move slower at the northern
end
• 37. When a cold air mass and a warm air
mass meet, and there is no horizontal
motion of either air mass, it is called
a/an:
A. Cold front
B. Occluded front
C. Stationary front
D. Warm front
• 38. An air mass is termed “warm” if:
A. It is above 70 F
B. The ground over which it moves is
cooler than the mass
C. It originated in a high pressure area
D. It originated in a low pressure area
• 39. The slope of warm front is about:
A. 1 mile vertically to 10 miles horizontally
B. 1 mile vertically to 50 miles horizontally
C. 1 mile vertically to 150 miles horizontally
D. 1 mile vertically to 500 miles horizontally
• 40. When a warm air mass overtakes a
retreating cold air mass, the contact
surface is called a:
A. Line squall
B. Water spout
C. Cold front
D. Warm front
• 41. Warm air mass is characterized by:
A. Stability
B. Instability
C. Gusty winds
D. Good visibility
• 42. On the approach of a warm front,
barometric pressure usually:
A. Falls
B. Is steady
C. Is uncertain
D. Rises
• 43. Which of the following is a
characteristics of the weather preceding
an approaching warm front?
A. Gusty winds
B. Steady falling barometric pressure
C. Decreasing relative humidity
D. Squall lines
• 44. A cloud sequence of cirrus,
cirrostratus and altostratus clouds
followed by rain usually signifies the
approach of a/an:
A. Occluded front
B. Stationary front
C. Warm front
D. Cold front
• 45. Cirrus clouds followed by cirrostratus
then altostratus, stratus and occasionally
nimbostratus indicate the approach of
a/an:
A. Cold front
B. Warm front
C. Tropical front
D. Cyclone
• 46. The first indications a mariner will
have of the approach of a warm front
will be:
A. Large cumulonimbus (thunderclouds)
building up
B. High cirrus clouds gradually changing to
cirrostratus and then to altostratus
C. Fog caused by the warm air passing over
the cooler water
D. Low dark clouds accompanied by
intermittent rain
• 47. Warm air mass will generally have a
characteristics of:
A. Turbulence within the mass
B. Stratiform clouds
C. Heavy precipitation
D. Good visibility
• 48. A frontal thunderstorm is caused by:
A. Pronounced local heating
B. Wind being pushed up a mountain
C. A warm air mass rising over a cold air
mass
D. An increased lapse rate caused by
advection of a warm surface air
• 49. Which of the following is typical of
warm front weather conditions?
A. A steady barometer
B. A wind shift from southwest to northwest
C. Scattered cumulus clouds
D. Steady precipitation
• 50. The steepness of a cold front
depends on:
A. The direction of wind around the front
B. Its velocity
C. The temperature of the air behind the
front
D. The precipitation generated by the front
• 51. When cold air is displacing warm air,
you have a/an:
A. Cold front
B. Occluded front
C. Stationary front
D. Warm front
• 52. After the passage of a cold front, the
barometric pressure:
A. Drops and the temperature drops
B. Drops and the temperature rises
C. Rises and the temperature drops
D. Rises and the temperature rises
• 53. As a cold front passes an observer,
pressure:
A. Drops and winds become variable
B. Rises and winds become gusty
C. Drops and winds become gusty
D. Rises and winds become variable
• 54. Cumulonimbus clouds are most likely
to accompany a/an:
A. High pressure system
B. Cold front
C. Warm front
D. Occluded front
• 55. What type of clouds are associated
with a cold front?
A. Alto-stratus and fracto-cumulus
B. Altostratus and cirrus
C. Cirrus and cirrostratus
D. Cumulus and cumulonimbus
• 56. Which of the following weather
changes accompanies the passage of a
cold front in the N. Hemisphere?
A. Wind shift front northeast clockwise to
southwest
B. Steady dropping of barometric pressure
C. Steady precipitation, gradually
increasing in intensity
D. A line of cumulonimbus clouds
• 57. Which condition will occur after a
cold front passes?
A. Temperature rises
B. Stratus clouds form
C. Pressure decreases
D. Humidity decreases
• 58. A cold front moving in from the
northwest can produce:
A. Thunderstorms, hail and then rapid
clearing
B. Gradual clouding over a period of several
days
C. Lengthy wet weather
D. Low ceiling with thick cirrus clouds
• 59. A series of brief showers at sea
accompanied by strong shifting winds
may occur along or some distance ahead
of a/an:
A. Upper front aloft
B. Cyclone
C. Occluded front
D. Cold front
• 60. At sea, a line of sharp changes in
wind direction and squalls is most
frequently associated with:
A. Occluded front
B. Warm front
C. Cold front
D. Warm front
• 61. Brief, violent showers frequently
accompanied by thunder and lightning
are usually associated with;
A. Passage of a warm front
B. Passage of a cold front
C. Winds shifting counterclockwise in the
N. Hemisphere
D. Stationary high pressure systems
• 62. After the passage of a cold front, the
visibility:
A. Does not change
B. Improves rapidly
C. Improves only slightly
D. Becomes poor
• 63. In the N. Hemisphere winds veering
sharply to the west or northwest with
increasing speed are indications that a:
A. Cold front has passed
B. Low pressure center is approaching
C. Stationary front exist
D. High pressure center has passed
• 64. In the N. Hemisphere, gusty winds
shifting clockwise, rapid drop in dew
point and temperature, a rise in pressure,
lightning, thunder, rain squalls in summer
and frequent rain or snow squalls in
winter indicate passage of:
A. A warm front
B. A stationary front
C. A cold front
D. An occluded front
• 65. An occluded front is caused by a/an:
A. Low pressure area
B. High pressure area
C. Area of calm air
D. Cold front overtaking a warm front
• 66. With the passage of an occluded
front, the temperature:
A. Rises rapidly
B. Remains about the same
C. Drops rapidly
D. Depends on whether warm type or cold
type occlusion
• 67. Which of the symbols in DIAGRAM
below represents a stationary front?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
• 68. Which of the symbols in DIAGRAM
below represents a cold front?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
69. Which of the symbols in DIAGRAM
below represents a warm front?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
• 70. Which of the symbols in DIAGRAM
below represents an occluded front?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
• 71 When drawing a weather map and an
isobar crosses a front, the isobar is drawn:
A. Perpendicular to the front
B. Kinked and pointing away from the low
C. Kinked and pointing towards the low
D. Kinked and pointing towards the high for a
warm front only
• 72. On a working copy of a weather map,
a cold front is represented by what color
line?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Purple
D. Alternating red and blue
• 73. On a working copy of a weather map,
an occluded front is represented by what
color line?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Alternating red and blue
D. Purple
• 74. The coloring of an occluded front
on a weather map is a/an:
A. Purple line
B. Blue line
C. Dashed blue line
D. Alternate red and blue line
• 75. On a working copy of a weather map,
a stationary front is represented by what
color line?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Alternating red and blue
D. Purple
• 76. On a working copy of a weather map,
a warm front is represented by what
color line?
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Alternating red and blue
D. Purple
• 77. A line on a weather chart connecting
places which have the same barometric
pressure is called an:
A. Isotherm
B. Isallobar
C. Isobar
D. Isotope
• 78. A source of an air mass labeled mTw
is:
A. The equator
B. The Gulf of Mexico
C. Alaska
D. Canada
• 79. An air mass that has moved down
from Canada would most likely have the
symbols:
A. mPk
B. cPk
C. cTk
D. cTw
• 80. The region containing ¾ of the mass
of the atmosphere and the region to
which are confined such phenomena as
clouds, storms, precipitation and
changing weather conditions is called:
A. Stratosphere
B. Troposphere
C. Stratopause
D. Tropopause
• 81. If the sky was clear with the exception
of a few cumulus clouds, it would
indicate:
A. Rain
B. Hurricane weather
C. Fair weather
D. Fog setting in
• 82. On a clear warm day, you notice the
approach of a tall cumulus cloud. The
cloud top has hard well defined edges
and rain is falling from the dark lower
edge. Should this cloud pass directly
overhead:
A. It will be preceded by a sudden increase in
wind speed.
B. It will be preceded by a sudden decrease in
wind speed.
C. The wind speed will not change as it passes.
D. The wind will back rapidly to left in a
counterclockwise direction as it passes.
• 83. The appearance of nimbostratus
clouds in the immediate vicinity of a ship
at sea would be accompanied by which of
the following conditions?
A. Rain and poor visibility
B. Dropping barometric pressure and backing
wind in the N. Hemisphere
C. High winds and rising sea
D. Severe thunderstorm
• 84. Your facsimile prognostic chart
indicates that you will cross the cold
front of a low pressure system in about
24 hours. You should:
A. Expect to see cirrus clouds followed by
altostratus and nimbostratus clouds
B. Alter course to remain in the navigable
semicircle
C. Prepare for gusty winds, thunderstorms, and a
sudden wind shift
D. Expect clear weather with steady winds and
pressure until the front passes
• 85. When crossing air mass boundaries
or fronts, isobars tend to:
A. Change from smooth curves within the air
mass to sharp bends at the boundary
B. Change from sharp bends within the air
mass to smooth curves at the boundary
C. Pass smoothly across the front with no
change
D. Become closer together at the front and
pass through in straight lines
• 86. The probability of a sudden wind may
be foretold by:
A. A partly cloudy sky
B. An overcast sky
C. A fast approaching line of dark clouds
D. The formation of cumulus clouds in the sky
• 87. A. U.S. Weather Bureau forecast
states that the wind will commence
backing. In the N. Hemisphere, this would
indicate that it:
A. Will shift in a clockwise manner
B. Will shift in a counterclockwise manner
C. Will continue blowing from the same
direction
D. Velocity will decreases
• 88. In the N. Hemisphere, a wind that
shifts in a counterclockwise manner is a:
A. Veering wind
B. Backing wind
C. Reverse wind
D. Chinook wind
• 89. A U.S. Weather Bureau forecast states
that the wind will possibly commence
veering in the N. Hemisphere. This would
indicate that the:
A. Wind will shift in a clockwise manner
B. Wind will shift in a counterclockwise
manner
C. Wind will continue blowing in the same
direction
D. Wind velocity will increase
• 90. A veering wind will do which of the
following?
A. Change direction in a clockwise manner in
the N. Hemisphere
B. Circulate about a low pressure center in a
counterclockwise manner in the N.
Hemisphere
C. Vary in strength constantly and
unpredictable
D. Circulate about a high pressure in a
clockwise manner in the S. Hemisphere
91. In reading a weather map, closely
spaced pressure gradient lines would
indicate:
A. High winds and seas in that area
B. Settled weather in that area
C. Clams in that area
D. Fog in the area
92. Your vessel is enroute from Japan to

Seattle and is located at position l on the

weather map in the DIAGRAM below.
You should experience which of the
following weather conditions?
A. Clear skies with warm temperatures
B. Steady precipitation
C. Overcast skies with rising temperature
D. Thundershowers
93. In the N. Hemisphere, an observer at
point ll in the weather system in the
DIAGRAM below should experience a wind
shift from:
A. Southwest clockwise to northwest
B. Northeast clockwise to west-southwest
C. Northeast counterclockwise to northwest
D. East counterclockwise to south-
southwest
94. Your position, X, in the DIAGRAM below
is a Lat. 35 S. What winds are you
experiencing?
A. Northeasterly
B. Northwesterly
C. Southeasterly
D. Southwesterly
• 95. If you were in position l on the
weather map “B”, what wind shift would
you expect when in the N. Hemisphere
for a passing cyclonic storm?
A. SW to NW
B. NW to SW
C. SE to NE
D. SW to SE
• 96. At position ll on the weather map
“B”, which of the following would you
expect?
A. Thunderstorm
B. Clear sky with puffy cumulus clouds
C. Steady precipitation
D. Overcast skies with cold temperature
• 97. At position lll on the weather map
“B”, which of the following would you
expect?
A. Rain
B. Fog
C. Overcast
D. Improved visibility and diminishing
clouds
• 98. In the warm sector of the frontal
wave, the sky is:
A. Generally clear with few cumulus or
stratocumulus clouds
B. Generally overcast with altocumulus or
altostratus clouds
C. Generally overcast with stratocumulus
clouds
D. Generally scattered with cirrus clouds
• 99. While on watch, you notice that the air
temperature is dropping and is approaching
the dew point. What type of weather should
be forecasted?
A. Fog
B. Hail
C. Heavy rain
D. Sleet
• 100. What type of precipitation is a
product of violent convection found in
thunderstorms?
A. Hail
B. Rain
C. Freezing rain
D. Snow