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    Sub Netting and Super Netting

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    Chandan Bharti
    This document discusses subnetting and supernetting in computer networks. It provides examples of how to determine the subnet address given an IP address and subnet mask using both binary operations and a shortcut method. It also covers how to design subnets when a company needs a specific number of subnets, ensuring the number of subnets is a power of 2. The document concludes by defining rules for supernetting including that the number of blocks must be a power of 2 and contiguous, and provides an example of identifying a set of class C blocks that can be used to form a supernet.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sub Netting and Super Netting

    Uploaded by

    Chandan Bharti
    209 views34 pages
    This document discusses subnetting and supernetting in computer networks. It provides examples of how to determine the subnet address given an IP address and subnet mask using both binary operations and a shortcut method. It also covers how to design subnets when a company needs a specific number of subnets, ensuring the number of subnets is a power of 2. The document concludes by defining rules for supernetting including that the number of blocks must be a power of 2 and contiguous, and provides an example of identifying a set of class C blocks that can be used to form a supernet.

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    This document discusses subnetting and supernetting in computer networks. It provides examples of how to determine the subnet address given an IP address and subnet mask using both binary operations and a shortcut method. It also covers how to design subnets when a company needs a specific number of subnets, ensuring the number of subnets is a power of 2. The document concludes by defining rules for supernetting including that the number of blocks must be a power of 2 and contiguous, and provides an example of identifying a set of class C blocks that can be used to form a supernet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    209 views34 pages

    Sub Netting and Super Netting

    Uploaded by

    Chandan Bharti
    This document discusses subnetting and supernetting in computer networks. It provides examples of how to determine the subnet address given an IP address and subnet mask using both binary operations and a shortcut method. It also covers how to design subnets when a company needs a specific number of subnets, ensuring the number of subnets is a power of 2. The document concludes by defining rules for supernetting including that the number of blocks must be a power of 2 and contiguous, and provides an example of identifying a set of class C blocks that can be used to form a supernet.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Subnetting/Supernetting

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    CONTENTS
    SUBNETTING SUPERNETTING

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    SUBNETTING

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    IP addresses are designed with two levels of hierarchy.

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    A network with two levels of hierarchy (not subnetted)

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    A network with three levels of hierarchy (subnetted)

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    Addresses in a network with and without subnetting

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    Hierarchy concept in a telephone number

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    Default mask and subnet mask

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    Finding the Subnet Address


    Given an IP address, we can find the subnet address the same way we found the network address in the previous chapter. We apply the mask to the address. We can do this in two ways: straight or short-cut.
    Dept of E & E ELE 411F Computer Networks 10

    Straight Method In the straight method, we use binary notation for both the address and the mask and then apply the AND operation to find the subnet address.

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    11

    Example 1

    What is the subnetwork address if the destination address is 160.45.34.56 and the subnet mask is 255.255.240.0?

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    12

    Solution

    11001000 00101101 00100010 00111000


    11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 11001000 00101101 00100000 00000000

    The subnetwork address is 200.45.32.0.

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    13

    Short-Cut Method ** If the byte in the mask is 255, copy the byte in the address. ** If the byte in the mask is 0, replace the byte in the address with 0. ** If the byte in the mask is neither 255 nor 0, we write the mask and the address in binary and apply the AND operation.
    Dept of E & E ELE 411F Computer Networks 14

    Example 2

    What is the subnetwork address if the destination address is 190.30.80.5 and the mask is 255.255.192.0?

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    15

    Example 2 Solution

    Dept of E & E

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    16

    Comparison of a default mask and a subnet mask

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    17

    The number of subnets must be a power of 2.

    Dept of E & E

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    18

    Example 3

    A company is granted the site address 201.70.64.0 (class C). The company needs six subnets. Design the subnets.
    Solution

    The number of 1s mask is 24 (class C).


    Dept of E & E ELE 411F Computer Networks

    in

    the

    default

    19

    Solution (Continued)

    The company needs six subnets. This number 6 is not a power of 2. The next number that is a power of 2 is 8 (23). We need 3 more 1s in the subnet mask. The total number of 1s in the subnet mask is 27 (24 + 3). The total number of 0s is 5 (32 - 27). The mask is

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    20

    Solution (Continued)

    11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 or 255.255.255.224

    The number of subnets is 8. The number of addresses in each subnet is 25 (5 is the number of 0s) or 32.

    Dept of E & E

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    21

    Example 3

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    22

    Example 4

    A company is granted the site address 181.56.0.0 (class B). The company needs 1000 subnets. Design the subnets.
    Solution

    The number of 1s in the default mask is 16 (class B).


    Dept of E & E ELE 411F Computer Networks 23

    Solution (Continued)

    The company needs 1000 subnets. This number is not a power of 2. The next number that is a power of 2 is 1024 (210). We need 10 more 1s in the subnet mask. The total number of 1s in the subnet mask is 26 (16 + 10). The total number of 0s is 6 (32 - 26).

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    24

    Solution (Continued)

    The mask is 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 or 255.255.255.192. The number of subnets is 1024. The number of addresses in each subnet is 26 (6 is the number of 0s) or 64.
    Dept of E & E ELE 411F Computer Networks 25

    Example 4

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    26

    SUPERNETTING

    Dept of E & E

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    27

    A supernetwork

    Dept of E & E

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    28

    Rules:
    ** The number of blocks must be a power of 2 (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, . . .). ** The blocks must be contiguous in the address space (no gaps between the blocks). ** The third byte of the first address in the superblock must be evenly divisible by the number of blocks. In other words, if the number of blocks is N, the third byte must be divisible by N.
    Dept of E & E ELE 411F Computer Networks 29

    Example 5
    A company needs 600 addresses. Which of the following set of class C blocks can be used to form a supernet for this company?

    198.47.32.0
    198.47.32.0 198.47.31.0 198.47.32.0

    198.47.33.0
    198.47.42.0 198.47.32.0 198.47.33.0

    198.47.34.0
    198.47.52.0 198.47.33.0 198.47.34.0 198.47.62.0 198.47.52.0 198.47.35.0

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    30

    Solution
    1: No, there are only three blocks.

    2: No, the blocks are not contiguous.


    3: No, 31 in the first block is not divisible by 4.

    4: Yes, all three requirements are fulfilled.

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    31

    In subnetting, we need the first address of the subnet and the subnet mask to define the range of addresses.

    Dept of E & E

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    32

    In supernetting, we need the first address of the supernet and the supernet mask to define the range of addresses.

    Dept of E & E

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    33

    Comparison of subnet, default, and supernet masks

    Dept of E & E

    ELE 411F Computer Networks

    34

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