Bit-Interleaved Parity 8: No Error Correcting Only Error Detection

Question SDH:
 E1: trame - TS0 CRC error detection + Synchronisation + alarm

 C7 signalisation
 8-> 34 mbps -> path overhead  2048 kbits devient 2112 kbit/s (stuffing) avant multiplexage
pour s’assurer que les 4 liens multiplexé vont à la même vitesse  E1 est 2048 kbit/s +- 50 ppm
 PRA  Primary Rate Access  use of ISDN (voice, data,image) type of access to the network. 
30 B + D channels : B channel carry full duplex of digitized voice or data & D is used for signaling
tear up and down/
 Atténuation cable électrique: coax jusqu’à 20 db/100m
 Atténuation fibre optique: 0.3 db/km
 PDH apparu dans les années 1970
 SDH apparu en 1988 (Sonet 1986)
 E1 transporte voix + data
 PDH-> presque synchrone 2048 kbit/s +- 50 ppm-> stuffing buffering, slips
 Clock césium: précision 10-9 sec per day  1sec tous les 1.400.000 années
 STM-1  synchronous transport Module – Standard de transmission
 BIP: bit-interleaved parity 8 : no error correcting only error detection.
 ES, SES, BES, UAS •
 What is a block?
 A block is a set of consecutive bits associated with the path; each bit belongs to one and only
one block. Consecutive bits may not be contiguous in time.
 Errored Block (EB) – block, which contains one , or more error bits •
 Errored Second (ES) – limited period of one second , which contains one , or more error blocks.
 Severely Errored Second (SES) – length interval of one second, which contains at least 30 % of
error blocks, or severely errored limited period.
 AMI
 The AMI(Alternate Mark Inversion) code uses a positive and a negative Spannung(AMI Regel) for
the transmission of the logic 1 alternating.
Binary
AMI code

 HDB3
 The HDB3-Code(High Density bipolar = high close of bipolar indications) is a bipolar cable code
with high insensitivity to interference.
The HDB-3-Code is a modified form of the AMI code. The original AMI code is however not
changed. The additive "3" states that with this cable code any more than 3 zeros in
consequence do not arise.

Advantages by this cable code:
 secure clock recuperation without Scrambler, by frequent polarity changes

 direct currentless potential gradient
 Regenerateur optique
 STM-1 L1 or L2
 Difference LC/SC
 Size: LC is half the size of SC. Actually, one SC-adapter is exactly the
same size as a duplex LC-adapter. Therefore LC is more and more
common in central offices where packing density (number of connections
per area) is an important cost factor
 Handling: SC is a true “push-pull-connector” and LC is a “latched
connector”, although there are very innovative, real “push-pull-LCs”
available which have the same handling capabilities like SC.
 The History of Connector: The LC is the “younger” connector of the two,
SC is wider spread around the world but LC is catching up. Both
connectors have the same insertion loss and return loss capabilities.
Generally, it depends where in the network you want to use the
connector, no matter SC or LC, even the other different kinds of
connector.

 Stuffing = positive justification
System of monitoring loop-telecom : loop-iNMS
TS1 & TS2 are backup? yes
Qui point le VC-12?: pointeur de deuxième niveau

Trame ATM ? mbps? Frame of 52 bytes
Question to LOOP telecom:
EOH IP, EOH OP, WHO IP, WHO OP
This is not used anymore. The connector is still there because ALM IN is still in use thus we could
not remove the physical connector.
SWB
This is not used anymore. The connector is still there because ALM IN is still in use thus we could
not remove the physical connector.
CPU controller
The reset command, what does it reset?
The system has 2 types of reset (press Z ) warm restart, used to reset CPU only or (2) reset (cold
restart), used to reset whole system. warm reset does not impact to the user traffic but cold reset
does.
Memo  RAM
Save the config?
SNCP mode?
BNE Bridge Network Element in this topology: A Bridge Network Element is an NE with a built-in
Ethernet Bridging function for management packets.
The Ethernet Packets will be bridged or switched depending on the Ethernet Mac address. By default, all
Loop SDH products are BNE in terms of management traffic. In order to prevent packet loops and to
support full tolerance over fiber cuts, the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) per IEEE 802.1d and the Rapid
Spanning Tree
Protocol (RSTP) per IEEE 802.1w are both supported.

My question is the following: Is the entire SDH ring and the LAN considered as a pure layer 2
Ethernet switching network? Is the Layer 2 passing through DCC channel?
You can say O9100 is a BNE and the way out is DCC on both East and West. DCC is providing a
path that CPU inside O9100 using a bridging actor provides layer 2 function, that is why O9100
can use its SNMP “LAN” to reach to CPU for management and also to other remote NEs and
their SNMP ports via DCC. So, it does support layer 2 inside.
HP-EPSL? :
File transfer?
- Payload type for retiming? What is it done for?

This menu is available only when CO (Ring Closure) option is purchased.
Press “Q” from the “System Configuration Setup” submenu to set up Payload retiming for Ring
Closure. . The CO or non-CO is only an option in O9100. Other loop sdh products are always
support this function by default. So, that is why you will see only O9100 needs to selected this.
BTW, if a pure O9100 ring, user should purchase at least one node with CO. If the ring has other
loop sdh like O9400/O9500, then the O9100 in the ring can be non-CO.
SNTP setup: why is it necessary to connect to NTP server as the device is already synchronized with
the SDH clocking?
SDH clocking has nothing to do with SNTP SNTP setup give to the system the current time depending
the region it has nothing to do with SDH synchronization
Ring closure? Ring need a master
Why when cutting off the fiber I receive AU-RDI on the receive side?
Which is the difference between Mainboard Firmware and firmware Boot Bank?
Mainboard firmware has 2 banks. In case one is fault and system can still work with firmware in another
bank. But firmware Boot Bank is actually meaning the boot loader, which just like BIOS in computer. So,
you can say, firmware boot bank is BIOS for computer and firmware bank 1 and 2 are loaded with OS in
2 hard disks, in case one is fault, computer can still working with another.
Which is the difference between current config and config from flash ?
There are 2 parts of configuration flash. One is working and another is, we say KEEP or STORED. When
system powers on, the system will copy configuration from KEEP/STORED to WORKING in order to
operate . If a User does any configuration change ,it is saved o working WORKING. When you store the
working configuration , by copying WORKING to overwrite the KEEP/STORED you have the configuration
saved .
Also in the STM-1 performance Threshold menu what ‘s the Threshold value correspond to? For
instance the value 2400 which is loaded by default ?
This is a value for performance monitoring .See the tables in the manual for what each value correspond
to
All the default threshold are base on the standard definition regarding to each kind of alarms.
Also I don’t see the difference between the Reset and the Warm restart? warm restart, used to reset
CPU only or (2) reset (cold restart), usedto reset whole system.
Needed for the training:
External clock Satellite
2 MHz or E1  E1
C-12 why 12:

Bit-Interleaved Parity 8: No Error Correcting Only Error Detection

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Question SDH:

 E1: trame - TS0 CRC error detection + Synchronisation + alarm

 secure clock recuperation without Scrambler, by frequent polarity changes

System of monitoring loop-telecom : loop-iNMS

TS1 & TS2 are backup? yes

Qui point le VC-12?: pointeur de deuxième niveau

Question to LOOP telecom:

EOH IP, EOH OP, WHO IP, WHO OP

The reset command, what does it reset?

Save the config?

Protocol (RSTP) per IEEE 802.1w are both supported.

- Payload type for retiming? What is it done for?

Ring closure? Ring need a master

Needed for the training:

External clock Satellite

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