MATHS VIDEO

TUTORIAL SERIES
CHAPTER – 4

DETERMINANTS
TOPIC: PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
The value of the determinant remains same if
the rows and columns are interchanged

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𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂 𝟏𝟐 𝒂 𝟏𝟑
𝑳𝒆𝒕 ∆ = 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒂 𝟐𝟑
𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒂 𝟑𝟐 𝒂 𝟑𝟑
𝑳𝒆𝒕 ∆𝟏 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒔

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𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟑𝟏
∆ 𝟏 = 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝟑𝟐 If A is a square matrix then
𝒂𝟏𝟑 𝒂𝟐𝟑 𝒂𝟑𝟑 det(A) = det(A’)
Then
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
If two rows (or columns) of a determinant is interchanged,
the value of the determinant changes by sign

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𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂 𝟏𝟐 𝒂 𝟏𝟑
𝑳𝒆𝒕 ∆ = 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒂 𝟐𝟑
𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒂 𝟑𝟐 𝒂 𝟑𝟑

𝑹𝟏 ↔ 𝑹𝟐

Then
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
If in a determinant two rows (columns) are
identical, then the value of the determinant is zero
For where

0
 The property is used to prove the value of determinant,
whose value is zero, without expanding it
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
If in a determinant the elements of any row (or column) are
multiplied by the same scalar ‘k’ the value of the new determinant is
‘k’ times the given determinant

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𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂 𝟏𝟐 𝒂 𝟏𝟑 By this property, we can take out any
𝑳𝒆𝒕 ∆ = 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒂 𝟐𝟑 common factor from any one row or any
𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒂 𝟑𝟐 𝒂 𝟑𝟑 one column of a given determinant.

𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪 𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒏− 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒓 ′ 𝒌 ′

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𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒂 𝟏𝟐 𝒂 𝟏𝟑
∆ 𝟏= 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒌𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒂 𝟐𝟑
Then
𝒂𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝒂 𝟑𝟐 𝒂 𝟑𝟑
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
If in a determinant the elements of any row (or column) is made up of a sum
of two (or more) quantities then the determinant can be expressed as the
sum of two (or more) determinants of the same order

If

Then +
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
If each element of a row (or column) is multiplied by a
scalar and added to the corresponding elements of any
other row (or column) then the value of the determinant is
unaltered
Let This is property is mostly used to make
entries in the determinant as zeros which
will be useful in expanding

𝑹𝟐 =𝑹𝟐 +𝒌 𝑹𝟑

Then
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

1. Using properties of determinants and without expanding prove that = 0

Given  If in a determinant the elements of any row (or

column) is made up of a sum of two (or more)
quantities then the determinant can be expressed
as the sum of two (or more) determinants of the
same order
=+  If in a determinant two rows (columns) are
identical, then the value of the determinant is
zero

 
=0
=+ =
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

2. Using properties of determinants and without expanding prove that = 0

Given  If each element of a row (or column) is multiplied by a scalar and

added to the corresponding elements of any other row (or column)
then the value of the determinant is unaltered

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𝒂− 𝒄 𝒃−𝒂 𝒄−𝒃 =
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏+ 𝑹𝟐 𝒃− 𝒄 𝒄−𝒂 𝒂− 𝒃
𝒄−𝒂 𝒂− 𝒃 𝒃−𝒄
 If in a determinant two rows
=- (columns) are identical, then

the value of the determinant is
zero

=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
3. Using properties of determinants and without expanding prove that = 0

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𝟐 𝟕 𝟔𝟓 =
𝟑 𝟖 𝟕𝟓
𝟓 𝟗 𝟖𝟔
= +

By taking 9 as =9 +
common from = + =

 
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
4. Using properties of determinants and without expanding prove that = 0

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Given 𝟏 𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒂𝒄
¿ 𝟏 𝒄𝒂 𝒃𝒄+ 𝒃𝒂
𝟏 𝒂𝒃 𝒄𝒂+𝒄𝒃

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𝟏 𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒂𝒄 +𝒃𝒄
𝑪𝟑 → 𝑪𝟑 +𝑪 𝟐 𝟏 𝒄𝒂 𝒃𝒄 +𝒃𝒂 +𝒄𝒂
𝟏 𝒂𝒃 𝒄𝒂+ 𝒄𝒃+ 𝒂𝒃

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𝟏 𝒃𝒄 𝟏
By taking as common from
¿( 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒃𝒄+𝒄𝒂) 𝟏 𝒄𝒂 𝟏
𝟏 𝒂𝒃 𝟏

= 
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
5. Using properties of determinants and without expanding prove that
=2

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𝒃+𝒄 𝒒 +𝒓 𝒚+ 𝒛
𝒄+𝒂 𝒓 +𝒑 𝒛 +𝒙 𝑹𝟏 ↔ 𝑹𝟑 =-
𝒂+𝒃 𝒑 +𝒒 𝒙 +𝒚

𝑹𝟐 ↔ 𝑹𝟑 =+

=
SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

=
𝑹𝟑 → 𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹𝟏

=
𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟑
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

= =
𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟏

= =-
𝑹𝟑 → 𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟏 ↔ 𝑹𝟑

=
=+
𝑹𝟐 ↔ 𝑹𝟑 = =2
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
6. Using properties of determinants and without expanding prove that = 0

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𝟎 𝒂 −𝒃
∆= −𝒂 𝟎 −𝒄
𝒃 𝒄 𝟎
=

𝑹𝟏 → 𝒄 𝑹𝟏
Taking a common from
= =
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏 − 𝒃 𝑹𝟐


=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
7. Using properties of determinants show that =

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𝟐
−𝒂 𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝒄
𝟐
∆= 𝒃𝒂 −𝒃 𝒃𝒄
𝟐
𝒄𝒂 𝒄𝒃 −𝒄
𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒂 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑹𝟏 , 𝒃 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑹 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑹𝟑

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−𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
∆=𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒄
𝒂 𝒃 −𝒄
𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒂 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑪 𝟏 , 𝒃 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑪𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑪𝟑

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−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
∆=𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

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−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
∆=𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏

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−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐+ 𝑹𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
∆=𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏

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−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑹𝟑 → 𝑹𝟑+ 𝑹𝟏 ∆= 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐
𝟎 𝟐 𝟎
Expanding along
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
∆=𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 ×(− 𝟏)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟎
𝟐 | 𝟐
𝟎 |
∆=𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 ×(− 𝟏)×(−𝟒)
=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
8 (i) Using properties of determinants show that =

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𝟐
𝟏 𝒂 𝒂
𝟐
∆= 𝟏 𝒃 𝒃
𝟐
𝟏 𝒄 𝒄

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𝟎 𝒂− 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝒂+𝒃
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏 − 𝑹𝟐 ∆= 𝟏 𝒃 𝒃𝟐¿ ( 𝒂 − 𝒃 ) 𝟏 𝒃 𝒃
𝟐

𝟏 𝒄 𝒄𝟐 𝟏 𝒄 𝒄
𝟐

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𝟎 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 −𝒃 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝒂+ 𝒃
𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟑 ∆=(𝒂 − 𝒃) 𝟎 𝒃 −𝒄 𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄¿𝟐( 𝒂 − 𝒃 ) (𝒃 − 𝒄 ) 𝟎 𝟏 𝒃+𝒄
𝟐
𝟏 𝒄 𝒄 𝟐 𝟏 𝒄 𝒄
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝟏
∆= ( 𝒂 − 𝒃 ) (𝒃 − 𝒄)× 𝟏× |
𝟏
𝟏
𝒂+ 𝒃
𝒃+ 𝒄 |]
=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
8 (ii) Using properties of determinants show that =

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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∆= 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄

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𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝑪𝟏 → 𝑪𝟏 − 𝑪𝟐 ∆= 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒃 𝒄
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒂 −𝒃 𝒃 𝒄

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𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
∆ =(𝒂 − 𝒃) 𝟏 𝒃 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒃 𝒃 𝒄

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𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟑 ∆ =(𝒂 − 𝒃) 𝟏 𝒃−𝒄 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒃 𝒃 −𝒄 𝒄

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𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
∆ =(𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒄 ) 𝟏 𝟏 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒃 𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄+𝒄 𝒄
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

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𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
∆ =(𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒄 ) 𝟏 𝟏 𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃+ 𝒃 𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄+𝒄 𝒄
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏
∆ =(𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒄 )×𝟏 × 𝟐
𝟏
|
𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃 +𝒃
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝒃 +𝒃𝒄+ 𝒄
𝟐|
]
)

)
)
¿ ( 𝒂 − 𝒃 )( 𝒃 − 𝒄 ) ( 𝒄 − 𝒂)(𝒃+𝒄 +𝒂)
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
9.Using properties of determinants show that =

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𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 𝒚𝒛
∆= 𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝒙

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𝒛 𝒛𝟐 𝒙𝒚 𝒙−𝒚 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝒚 𝟐 𝒚𝒛 − 𝒛𝒙
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏 − 𝑹𝟐 ∆= 𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒛𝒙
𝒛 𝒛𝟐 𝒙𝒚

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𝟏 𝒙+𝒚 − 𝒛
¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 ) 𝒚 𝒚
𝟐
𝒛𝒙
𝟐
𝒛 𝒛 𝒙𝒚

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𝟏 𝒙 +𝒚 −𝒛
𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟑 ¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 ) 𝒚 − 𝒛 𝒚 𝟐 − 𝒛 𝟐 𝒛𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚
𝟐
𝒛 𝒛 𝒙𝒚

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𝟏 𝒙+ 𝒚 − 𝒛
¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 ) 𝟏 𝒚 + 𝒛 − 𝒙
𝟐
𝒛 𝒛 𝒙𝒚
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

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𝟏 𝒙+𝒚 −𝒛
∆=( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 ) 𝟏 𝒚+ 𝒛 −𝒙
𝟐
𝒛 𝒛 𝒙𝒚

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𝟎 𝒙−𝒛 − 𝒛+𝒙
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏 − 𝑹𝟐 ∆ =( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 ) 𝟏 𝒚 +𝒛 −𝒙
𝒛 𝒛𝟐 𝒙𝒚

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𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏
¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 ) 𝟏 𝒚+ 𝒛 −𝒙
𝟐
𝒛 𝒛 𝒙𝒚

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𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏
𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆=( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 ) 𝟏 𝒚 +𝒛+𝒙 −𝒙
𝟐
𝒛 𝒛 − 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

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𝟎 𝟎 −𝟏
∆=( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 ) 𝟏 𝒚 +𝒛+𝒙 −𝒙
𝒛 𝒛 𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏
∆=( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 ) ×(−𝟏)×
𝟏
𝒛 | 𝒚 +𝒛+𝒙
𝟐
𝒛 − 𝒙𝒚 |
¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 )×(− 𝟏) × [ ( 𝒛 − 𝒙𝒚 ) − 𝒛 ( 𝒚 + 𝒛 + 𝒙 ) ]
𝟐

¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 )×(− 𝟏) × 𝒛 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒛𝒚 − 𝒛 − 𝒛𝒙 )
( 𝟐 𝟐

¿( 𝒙 − 𝒚 )( 𝒚 − 𝒛 )( 𝒛 − 𝒙 )×(− 𝟏) × ( − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒛𝒚 − 𝒛𝒙 )

=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
10.(i)By using properties of determinants show that =

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𝒙 +𝟒 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
∆= 𝟐 𝒙 𝒙+𝟒 𝟐𝒙

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𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 +𝟒 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟒 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟒 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟒
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏+ 𝑹𝟐+ 𝑹𝟑 ∆= 𝟐 𝒙 𝒙+𝟒 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 +𝟒

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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
¿ ( 𝟓 𝒙 +𝟒 ) 𝟐 𝒙 𝒙 +𝟒 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 +𝟒

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆ =( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝟒 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒙 𝟎 𝒙 +𝟒

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑪𝟑 → 𝑪𝟑 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆ =( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝟒 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 𝟎 − 𝒙 +𝟒
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
∆=( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙+𝟒 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 𝟎 − 𝒙 +𝟒

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
Taking ∆ =( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) (𝟒 − 𝒙 ) 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 𝟎 − 𝒙 +𝟒

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
Taking ∆ =( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) (𝟒 − 𝒙 )(𝟒 − 𝒙 ) 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
𝟐𝒙 𝟎 𝟏
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏

∆=( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) (𝟒 − 𝒙 )(𝟒 − 𝒙 ) ×𝟏 × | 𝟏
𝟎 |
𝟎
𝟏
𝟐
∆=( 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 ) ( 𝟒 − 𝒙 )
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
10.(ii)By using properties of determinants show that =

| |
𝒚+𝒌 𝒚 𝒚
∆= 𝒚 𝒚 +𝒌 𝒚

| |
𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 +𝒌 𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒌 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒌
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏+ 𝑹𝟐+ 𝑹𝟑 ∆= 𝒚 𝒚+𝒌 𝒚
𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 +𝒌

| |
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∆=( 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 ) 𝒚 𝒚 +𝒌 𝒚
𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 +𝒌

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆=( 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 ) 𝒚 𝒌 𝒚
𝒚 𝟎 𝒚 +𝒌
SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

| |
𝟏𝟎 𝟏
∆=( 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 ) 𝒚𝒌 𝒚
𝒚𝟎 𝒚 +𝒌

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑪𝟑 → 𝑪𝟑 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆=( 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 ) 𝒚 𝒌 𝟎
𝒚 𝟎 𝒌
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏

∆ =( 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 ) × 𝟏 ×
𝒌
𝟎 | 𝟎
𝒌 |
𝟐
∆ = ( 𝟑 𝒚 +𝒌 ) × 𝒌
=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
11.(i)By using properties of determinants show that
=

𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏+ 𝑹𝟐+ 𝑹𝟑

𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑪𝟑 → 𝑪𝟑 − 𝑪𝟏

Taking

Taking
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏

=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
11.(ii)By using properties of determinants show that
=

𝑪𝟏 → 𝑪𝟏 +𝑪 𝟐+ 𝑪 𝟑

Taking 2

𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟏
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑹𝟑 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟏

Taking

Taking
SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝟏

=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
12. By using properties of determinants show that =

| |
𝟐
𝟏 𝒙 𝒙

| |
∆= 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
𝒙 𝒙
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏+ 𝑹𝟐+ 𝑹𝟑 ∆= 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙
𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 𝟏

| |
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∆ =( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝒙
𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 𝟏

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆ =( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏− 𝒙𝟐 𝒙
𝒙 𝒙𝟐− 𝒙 𝟏
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
∆ =( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝒙 𝒙
𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 −𝒙 𝟏

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝑪𝟑 → 𝑪𝟑 − 𝑪𝟏 ∆ =( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 𝟐 ) 𝒙 𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 −𝒙
𝟐

𝒙 𝒙𝟐− 𝒙 𝟏−𝒙

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
∆=( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
( 𝟏+ 𝒙 )( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) 𝒙 ( 𝟏− 𝒙 )
𝒙 𝒙 ( 𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟏−𝒙

Taking

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
∆ =( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
( 𝟏+ 𝒙 ) 𝒙 ( 𝟏− 𝒙 )
𝒙 −𝒙 𝟏−𝒙
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
∆ =( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
( 𝟏+ 𝒙 ) 𝒙 ( 𝟏− 𝒙 )
𝒙 −𝒙 𝟏−𝒙

| |
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
∆ = ( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐
Taking ( 𝟏+ 𝒙 ) 𝒙
𝒙 −𝒙 𝟏
𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏
∆=( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) × 𝟏 ×
𝟐 𝟏+ 𝒙
−𝒙 | 𝒙
𝟏 |
∆= 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 𝟏 − 𝒙 𝟏 − 𝒙 𝟏+ 𝒙+ 𝒙 )
( ) (
𝟐 𝟐
( )( )
𝟐 =
∆=[ ( 𝟏+ 𝒙 + 𝒙 ) ( 𝟏 − 𝒙 ) ]
𝟐

𝟑 𝟐
∆=[ 𝟏 − 𝒙 ]
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
13. By using properties of determinants show that
=

𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏+ 𝒃 𝑹𝟑

Taking common from

 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝒂 𝑹 𝟑

Taking common from

 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏

=
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
14. By using properties of determinants show that
=1+

𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑹𝟏

𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑹𝟐

 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑹𝟑

𝑹𝟏 → 𝑹𝟏 − 𝑹𝟐
SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑹𝟐 → 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟑

𝑪𝟏 → 𝒂 𝑪 𝟏
SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑪𝟐 → 𝒃 𝑪𝟐

𝑪𝟑 → 𝒄 𝑪𝟑
SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2

𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 − 𝑪𝟏

𝑬𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝟏

=1+
 SOLUTIONS TO CLASS XII NCERT TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS EXERCISE 4.2
15. Let A be a matrix of order 3  3. Then is equal to
C. D
Let

| |
𝒌 𝒂𝟏 𝒌 𝒂𝟐 𝒌 𝒂𝟑
|𝒌 𝑨|= 𝒌 𝒃𝟏 𝒌 𝒃𝟐 𝒌𝒃𝟑
𝒌 𝒄𝟏 𝒌 𝒄𝟐 𝒌 𝒄𝟑

| |
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑
|𝒌𝑨|=𝒌𝟑 𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑 Taking common faction ‘k’ from each row
𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟑

|𝒌𝑨|=𝒌 | 𝑨| 𝟑
Q.16 Which of the following is correct?
A. Determinant is a square matrix. B. Determinant is a number associated to a matrix.
B. C. Determinant is a number associated to a square matrix. D. None of these

To every square matrix A = [] of order n, we can

associate a number (real or complex) called
determinant of the square matrix A, where =
element of A.
 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
If each element of a row (or column) is multiplied by a
scalar and added to the corresponding elements of any
other row (or column) then the value of the determinant
is unaltered
If in a determinant all the elements of any row (or
column) are zeros then the value of the determinant is
zero
If all the elements of one side of the principal diagonal of
a determinant are zeros, then the value of the
determinant is the product of the elements of the
principal diagonal