Health and Hygiene

INTRODUCTION
Health- Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being, and not only in absence of disease or infirmity.
For a healthy life cycle, a person needs to have a balanced diet and has to regularly
exercise. One must also live in a proper shelter, take enough sleep and have good
hygiene habits.
Hygiene- It refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and
prevent the spread of disease.
Medical hygiene therefore includes a specific set of practices associated with this
preservation of health.
It is estimated that washing hands with soap and water could reduce diarrheal disease-
associated deaths by up to 50%.
A large percentage of food borne disease outbreaks are spread by contaminated hands.
Appropriate hand washing practices – reduce risk of infections
PERSONAL HYGIENE AND COMMUNITY HYGIENE
Both personal and community health are important for the well
being of an individual as well as the community.
Health may be affected by the environment, availability of

quality food and other necessities.
Participation of local and government organizations becomes

essential in promoting community health.
Importance of Hygiene
• Body image: influences self-esteem, confidence and
motivation.
• Social reasons: by ensuring that our body is clean
and well presented, we are more assured of
projecting a positive body image that reflects our
personality.
• Health reasons: Poor hygiene lead to poor health.
• Psychological issues: By being well presented, clean
and tidy, people feel more confident especially in
social situations.
Areas to maintain hygiene
• Hair hygiene
• Teeth and mouth
• Foot hygiene
• Perineal hygiene
• Body wash and hand washing
• Nail hygiene
• Skin hygiene
• Menstrual hygiene
PERSONAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE
Taking care of oneself to remain healthy and free from diseases

constitute personal health.
Different aspects of personal health are given below.
(1) Personal hygiene :
• Regular toilet habit.
• Washing hands before eating.
• Bathing regularly and wearing clean clothes.
• Cleaning the teeth.
• Washing hair, cleaning eyes, ears and nails
(2)Balanced Diet
• A balanced diet is one

containing carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals and fibers in
correct proportion to meet
the nutritional requirement
of a person at a certain age
and doing a certain amount
of physical work.
(3)Domestic hygiene
We dust and mop our houses to keep them clean and free from
dirt, flies and germs.
Disposal of garbage in the allotted bins ensures clean
surroundings and prevents breeding of disease causing organisms.
 Used sanitary napkins need to be wrapped and put in the
garbage bins.
(4) Clean food and water before they are consumed.
(5) Cooking with care.
(6) Exercise Regular.
(7) Regular sleep and relaxation.
(8) Abstaining from habit-forming substances such a smoking,
chewing of gutka, tobacco, and drinking alcohol.
 These are addictive and their continuous use damages the liver, kidney,
heart, gums and teeth. You may have noticed that spitting is quite common
among people who chew betel nut, gutka and tobacco.
We must stay away from such habits and try to convince others to do the
same.
Checklist of personal health status
COMMUNITY HEALTH AND HYGIENE
• Community health and hygiene is the practice of preventing
disease and promoting health of a population through the
organized efforts of society, public and private organizations,
communities and individuals.
• There are various activities and programmes undertaken by the

government and local organizations to maintain health of the
people and keep them free from disease.
Some of the activities undertaken by a community
health centre are shown in Figure below:
AVOIDABLE HABITS
• Eating late at night.

• Not getting enough exercise.
• Not sleeping enough.
• Eating too much sodium.
• Eating lunch at your desk.
• Smoking, drinking alcohol(in moderation).
• Not taking care of your mental health.
• Not protecting your hearing.
• Not drinking enough water.
AVOIDABLE HABITS
• Habit is an autonomic response to a situation
acquired normally as the result of repetition and
learning, strictly applicable only to motor
response.
• At each repetition, the act become less conscious
and can lead on to an unconscious habit.
Unhealthy habits
• 1. Tobacco:
• According to WHO, tobacco kills more than 1
million people each year in India, accounting for
9.5% of all deaths.
• Lead to lung or mouth cancer, cough or heart
attacks.
• Remember: Law protects non-smokers. Its
forbidden to smoke in schools, hospitals or in
any kind of enclosed public places.
2. Alcohol
• 1. Alcohol is the most consumed toxic substance
in our society.
• It limits our body functions, above all brain
functions.
• It damages our nervous system.
• It causes loss of memory, heart illness.
3. Obesity
• 1. Obesity or overweight are defined as the
accumulation of fats that can be damaging the
health.
• 2. The WHO estimates that, by 2015 there will be
2300 million adults with overweight and more
than 700 with obesity.
• 3. Serious consequences: Cardiovascular
complications, Diabetes, Osteoarthritis and
cancer.
Long answers
• Explain in detail about balanced diet.
• Write a note on Macronutrients.
• Explain in detail malnutrition and its prevention.
• Write a note on evaluation of public health.
• Explain in brief about prevention and control of disease.
• Write a note on social problems of sick.
• Write a note on socio-cultural factors related to health and
disease.
• Write a note on impact of urbanization on health and disease.
• Explain in detail Poverty and health.
• Define health and explain types of health.
Short answers
• Define health and enlist features of good health.
• Explain various factors affecting health.
• What do you mean by social and health education.
• Give the importance of health education.
• What do you mean by nutritional deficiency?
• Define sociology and enlist its types.
• What do you mean by urbanization?
• What are the effects of poverty on health?
• Enlist various types of hygiene.
• What do you mean by personal hygiene and healthcare?
• Enlist various benefits of personal hygiene.
THANK YOU

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INTRODUCTION

Health may be affected by the environment, availability of

Participation of local and government organizations becomes

Taking care of oneself to remain healthy and free from diseases

• A balanced diet is one

• There are various activities and programmes undertaken by the

• Eating late at night.

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