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    Glaucoma#pleno

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    Yul Anggre
    This document discusses glaucoma, which is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts. Glaucoma causes permanent damage to the optic nerve and vision loss if left untreated. The most effective way to prevent damage is to lower eye pressure through medications and surgery. It then covers various types of glaucoma like open angle glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Diagnosis and treatment methods like gonioscopy, visual field testing, and surgery are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Glaucoma#pleno

    Uploaded by

    Yul Anggre
    17 views36 pages
    This document discusses glaucoma, which is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts. Glaucoma causes permanent damage to the optic nerve and vision loss if left untreated. The most effective way to prevent damage is to lower eye pressure through medications and surgery. It then covers various types of glaucoma like open angle glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Diagnosis and treatment methods like gonioscopy, visual field testing, and surgery are also described.

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    glaucoma#pleno

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    This document discusses glaucoma, which is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts. Glaucoma causes permanent damage to the optic nerve and vision loss if left untreated. The most effective way to prevent damage is to lower eye pressure through medications and surgery. It then covers various types of glaucoma like open angle glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Diagnosis and treatment methods like gonioscopy, visual field testing, and surgery are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views36 pages

    Glaucoma#pleno

    Uploaded by

    Yul Anggre
    This document discusses glaucoma, which is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts. Glaucoma causes permanent damage to the optic nerve and vision loss if left untreated. The most effective way to prevent damage is to lower eye pressure through medications and surgery. It then covers various types of glaucoma like open angle glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Diagnosis and treatment methods like gonioscopy, visual field testing, and surgery are also described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    Glaukoma

    dr. Eva Mardalena, Sp.M


    FK UNAYA
    Pendahuluan

    • Glaukoma ==> penyebab kebutaan kedua serelah katarak

    • Glaukoma ==> meyebabkan kerusakan yang menetap pada


    syaraf optik mata dan jika tdk diobati akan menyebabkan
    kehilangan penglihatan permanen

    • cara paling efektif mencegah kerusakan syaraf optik dengan


    cara menurunkan tekanan bola mata dengan menggunakan
    obat-obatan dan tindakan operasi
    Aqueous humor
    Aqueous production and
    drainage
    AQUEOUS PRODUCTION
    AND DRAINAGE
    GLAUCOMA

    1. Kerusakan Papil nervus optikus

    2. Kehilangan lapangan pandang

    3. Peningkatan Tekanan Intra Okular (TIO)

    Penibgkatan TIO faktor resiko yang paling kuat akan


    tetapi bukan satu-satunya faktor penyebab glaukoma

    . TIO Normal: 10-21 mmhg ; diurnal fluctuation:


    < 6mmhg
    Perimetri
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    Gonioskopi
    Gonioskopi
    Glaucoma
    Direct Ophthalmoscopy
    Glaucoma
    TUNNEL VISION
    CLASSIFICATION
    CLASSIFICATION
    Congenital Glaucoma
    • Symptom

    • Photophobia

    • Blepharospasm

    • Epiphora

    • Sign

    • Corneal Haze

    • Corneal Opacity

    • Increase Corneal diameter (>12 mm)

    • Increased size of the eye or buphthalmos ( due to raised IOP and elastic sclera)

    • Pale optic disc


    Open Angle Glaucoma

    • Intraocular Pressure usually increased

    • Visual Field Defect

    • Are difficult to detect clinically without specialised equipment


    until late in the daises ( loss of > 50% of nerve fibre)
    Open Angle Glaucoma
    • Optic Disc Changes

    • The cup and disc ratio increases as the nerves fibres undergo
    atrophy (excavation)

    • Blood vessel may bend sharply backwards ( bayoneting) and


    usually displace nasally

    • Asymmetric cupping

    • Haemorrhage at optic disc


    Angle Closure Glaucoma

    • Caused by appositional or synechial closure of anterior chamber


    angle due to number mechanism

    • Sight Threatening Emergency


    Angle Closure Glaucoma
    • Symptom acute attack

    • Painful red eye, headache, nausea and vomiting

    • Vision blurred —> cornea edematous

    • Sign

    • Impaired visual acuity

    • Red and painful eye

    • Cornea is hazy because of edema

    • Pupils is semi dilated and fixed, with no reaction to light

    • On palpation, the effected eye feels harder than the other eye

    • Systemic sign—> nausea , vomiting, headache


    Angle Closure Glaucoma

    • Surgery

    • Treatment of choice for Angle Closure Glaucoma

    • Filtering surgery & Peripheral Iridectomy

    • Laser Peripheral Iridotomy


    Secondary Glaucoma
    • Caused by other ophthalmology or extra ocular disease and certain drug

    • Most Common :

    • Treatment with Steroid ( Steroid Induced Glaucoma)

    • Trauma toTrabecular Meshwork

    • Neovascular in the angle ( Diabetic, after Central Vein Occlussion )

    • Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

    • Particles block the trabecular meshwork

    • Inflammatory cell (Uveitis)

    • Red blood cell ( hifema)


    Angle Closure Glaucoma
    • Medical treatment for acute attack

    • Acetazolamide

    • Hyperosmotic agents ( gliserin or mannitol)

    • Topical mystic e.g pilocarpine

    • Analgetics

    • Antiemetics

    • Lie supine so effect gravity can pull the iris from the angle
    Terima Kasih

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