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    Glaucoma: Yelin Julita, S.Ked

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    Wyendae Cliquers
    1. Glaucoma is a condition that causes optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure, often resulting in narrowing of the visual field over time. 2. The aqueous humor drainage pathway can become partially or completely blocked in glaucoma, preventing fluid from easily draining out of the eye and leading to high pressure that damages the optic nerve. 3. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle, closed-angle, congenital, and absolute glaucoma, each with different causes of drainage blockage and presentations. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment aim to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.

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    Glaucoma: Yelin Julita, S.Ked

    Uploaded by

    Wyendae Cliquers
    27 views21 pages
    1. Glaucoma is a condition that causes optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure, often resulting in narrowing of the visual field over time. 2. The aqueous humor drainage pathway can become partially or completely blocked in glaucoma, preventing fluid from easily draining out of the eye and leading to high pressure that damages the optic nerve. 3. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle, closed-angle, congenital, and absolute glaucoma, each with different causes of drainage blockage and presentations. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment aim to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.

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    Glaukoma

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    1. Glaucoma is a condition that causes optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure, often resulting in narrowing of the visual field over time. 2. The aqueous humor drainage pathway can become partially or completely blocked in glaucoma, preventing fluid from easily draining out of the eye and leading to high pressure that damages the optic nerve. 3. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle, closed-angle, congenital, and absolute glaucoma, each with different causes of drainage blockage and presentations. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment aim to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views21 pages

    Glaucoma: Yelin Julita, S.Ked

    Uploaded by

    Wyendae Cliquers
    1. Glaucoma is a condition that causes optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure, often resulting in narrowing of the visual field over time. 2. The aqueous humor drainage pathway can become partially or completely blocked in glaucoma, preventing fluid from easily draining out of the eye and leading to high pressure that damages the optic nerve. 3. There are several types of glaucoma including open-angle, closed-angle, congenital, and absolute glaucoma, each with different causes of drainage blockage and presentations. Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment aim to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GLAUCOMA

    Yelin Julita, S.Ked

    Pembimbing :

    dr. Rachmad Syuhada Sp. M


    Definition Of Glaucoma
    Glaucoma is a condition that causses optic nerve
    damage. It often associated with :
    •The increase of Intraocular pressure
    •optic nerves papil atrophy
    • narrowing of visual field.
    ANATOMY OF ANGULO IRIDOCORNEALIS

    Is the anatomical angle


    created by the root of the
    iris and the peripheral
    corneal vault.

    Within it lie the structures


    involved in the outflow
    passage of the aquoes,
    namly trabecular
    meshwork and the
    schlemm’s canal.

    1.
    The aqueous humor is secreted by the ciliary epithelium, which in addition to
    secreting aquous humor and providing nutrients to the lens and cornea it
    provides struktural support and helps to keep the shape of the eye -- so that
    fluid’s into the posterior chamber, and then flows through a narrow space
    between the front lens and the back of iris through the pupil -- to the anterior
    chamber – the fluid flows out of the eye through the TM, -- to the CS –
    FINALLY into AV that are part of the EVS
    SCALP EXAMINATION
    In Glaucoma, part of this aqueous humor drainage pathway becomes
    partially of completely blocked, SO THAT FLUID CAN’T EASILY
    DRAIN OUT
    The high pressure affects all of the structures in the eye, including the optic
    nerve, which is the nerve that carries visual information from the eyes to
    the brain, and this means that over time as the optic nerve gets damaged,
    glaucoma leads to vision loss.
    CLASSIFICATION

    • Primary Glaucoma
    • Secondary glaucoma
    • Congenital Glaucoma
    • Absolute Glaucoma
    A. OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

    The most common type of glaucoma. this is called


    open-angle glaucoma because of there is a
    tunnel in trabecular meshwork. Usually bilateral,
    not necessarily symmetrical
    The angle between the cornea and the iris is OPEN, in this type, the
    drainage system slowly gets clogged over time, so there’s gradual increase
    in pressure on the optic nerve. This increase in pressure initially results in
    atropy of the outer rim of the nerve, resulting in a decrease in peripheral
    vision as that pressure increases even more though, there’s continued
    damage the optic nerve which eventually loss in central vision as well
    OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
    Characterized by : Risk Factors :

    • Adult onset • Age


    • Progressive deacrease • History of eye surgery
    Vision • Family history
    • IOP > 21 mmHg
    Glaucomatous optic • myopia
    nerves damage
    • Visual field loss
    • Open angle of normal
    appearance
    A.OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA

    • Pathogenesis : Elevated IOP in POAG results


    from increased resistance within this aquos
    drainage system.
    Symptoms :
    • Commonly asymptomatic, detected incidentally.
    • Rarely, headache and ocular pain with mild
    blurring of vision due to transient corneal
    oedema
    • Occasionally, early visual defects can be
    discovered by chance.
    B. Closed-Angle Glaucoma

    Closed angle glaucoma is a condition in which the


    pressure inside the eye becomes too high.
    In closed angle glaucoma, the trabecular meshwork is
    obstructed and damaged. The fluid can’t flow easily
    through this drainage pathway.
    This is due to the angle between the iris of the cornea being to small,
    meaning that the passageway for aquous humor outflow is too narrow, and
    this is as a result of the lens being pushed up againts the iris – Drainage
    Blocked but this causes a RPB in the eye – causing an abrupt of severe eye
    pain
    C. Congenital Glaucoma

    Appear at birth or first year of life. The clinical


    manifestations are :
    •Excessive watery eyes
    •Increase of cornea diameter (buftalmos)
    •Cloudy cornea because of ephitel oedema
    •Photophobia
    •Increase of IOP
    •Increase of COA depth
    •Optic disc curved
    D. Absolute Glaucoma

    This condition is the end stage of glaucoma. Where happened


    total blind. Clinical manifestations are :
    •Total blind
    •Cloudy cornea
    •Shallow COA
    •Papil atrophy with glaucomatosa excavatation
    •Periorbital pain
    •eyestrain
    Supporting Assesment
    1. Tonometri
    - Tonometri palpation
    - Tonometri Schiotz
    - Tonometri aplanasi
    goldman
    2. Gonioscopy
    3. Ophtalmoscopy
    4. Visual field
    examinaation
    5. Provocation test
    MANAGEMENT
    1. Medication
    •Beta blocker
    •Karbonik anhydase inhibitor
    •Agonis alfa adrenergic
    •Parasimpatomimetik (miotik)
    •Analog prostaglandin
    2. Surgery

    •Trabeculopaty laser
    •Iridektomy or
    •pheriperal iridotomy
    •Drainage
    •siklodestructive
    CONCLUSION

    - Glaucoma is a disease in which a complete clinical picture is


    marked by elevation of intraocular pressure.

    • Glaucoma is called a "vision thief" because it develops without


    being marked by obvious symptoms. Therefore, half of glaucoma
    sufferers do not realize that they suffer from the disease. Open-
    angle glaucoma needs to watch out for people: age 40 years or
    older, people with diabetes mellitus, in families there are people
    with glaucoma, high myopia.

    • Glaucoma examination, namely: examination of eye pressure


    (Schiotz tonometry, implantation tonometry, digital tonometry),
    gonioscopy,ophthalmoscopy, visual field examination, provocation
    test. Themanagement of glaucoma is done in 2 ways, medical and
    operative.
    THANK YOU

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