Adhoc Networks Presentation

Presentation
on
“ADHOC NETWORKS”
Under the Guidance of: Submitted By:

MS.SHUBHANGI SHARMA Abhishek Gupta
Dept. of CSE 1612810006
Dept. of CSE
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW
abstract
 A rapid advancement in the area of mobile networks has been observed over the recent years
due to the spread of reasonable, and which has received remarkable attention with the growing
era. It focuses on safety related applications and internet related applications. An Ad hoc network
is a self-configuring network which can connect two or more devices in peer to peer connection
or server clients architecture.
 An Adhoc network is a local area network(LAN) that is built spontaneously as devices connect.
Adhoc networks comprised of a group of wireless devices which can communicate directly with
each other to exchange information.
 AdHoc is a decentralized wireless network.It does not rely on a preexisting infrastructure, such as
routers in wired networks or access points in managed wireless networks.
 It is easy to deploy it but difficult to maintain it.
Literature review
 C.E. Perkins, Ad hoc networking, Addison-Wesley, 2001

 C. K. Toh, Chapter 3, “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”, Prentice Hall, 2002
 Wireless & Mobile Systems Prof Dharma Prakash Agrawal and H. Deng
 A secure routing protocol for Ad hoc network by Kimaya Sanzgir
 Asis Nasipuri, Mobile Adhoc networks,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The
university of North Carolina at charlotte.Charlotte,NC 28233-0001.
Problem description
Existing Problems
Limited wireless transmission range.
 Battery constraints
Packet losses due to transmission errors
Broadcast nature of the wireless medium
Processing power reduced as number of hopes are increased.
Time delays
High cost of memory

Problem description
 Proposed Solutions
There are mainly these two solutions for covering all these types of problems which are
discussed as:-
 To reach those destinations that would either require a significant amount of transmission
energy using single hop communication.
 When transmission flow is not possible without routing the traffic through other nodes.
In both cases nodes spend energy without receiving any direct benefit.
 If a node only considers its own short term live period then it may not choose to
participate within the network.
 A node can volunteer it self as an administrative node.
Problem description
 Such as we may include a specific header identifies each participating nodes.
 Each of the nodes on the way to the destination require to remove this header before
forwarding it to its next hop.
 In this way if any of the link found missing could be treated as a self-fish nodes.
Overall block diagram
Implementation
 A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an autonomous system of nodes (MSs) connected by
wireless links. A MANET does not necessarily need support from any existing network
infrastructure like an Internet gateway or other fixed stations.
 A collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network without any existing
infrastructure and the relative position dictate communication links (dynamically changing).
 So, the network’s wireless topology may dynamically change in an unpredictable manner and
nodes are free to move.
 Each node is equipped with a wireless transmitter and a receiver with an appropriate antenna.
 Information is transmitted in a store-and forward manner using multi hop routing.
implementation
 Routing in Adhoc Networks
a.) Proactive Based Routing:- When a packet needs to be forwarded, the route is already
known or predetermined. It is also known as Table Driven Protocols.
b.) Reactive Based Routing:- Determine a route only when there is data to send. It is also
called as Source Initiated Protocols.
 Provide the maximum possible reliability - use alternative routes if an intermediate node fails.
 Route computation must be distributed. Centralized routing in a dynamic network is usually very
expensive.
 Every node must have quick access to routes on demand.
 Each node must be only concerned about the routes to its destination.Broadcasts should be
avoided (highly unreliable).It is desirable to have a backup route when the primary route has
become stale.
Performance analysis
1600
1400
1200
1000 TCP
800 Throughtput
600 (Kbps)
400
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of hops
Performance analysis
 Through the previous graph shown, it may be expected performance anlaysed that TCP
Throughput using 2 Mbps 802.11 MAC.
 Packet transmission can occur on at most one hop among three consecutive hops
i. Increasing the number of hops from 1 to 2, 3 results in increased delay, and decreased
throughput.
 Increasing number of hops beyond 3 allows simultaneous transmissions on more than one link,
however, degradation continues due to contention between TCP Data and Acks traveling in
opposite directions
 When number of hops is large enough, the throughput stabilizes due to effective pipelining.
outputs
 Numerical results show that the network throughput achieved by interference nulling at the
transmitter is comparable to that achieved by interference cancellation at the receiver.
 Some nodes in the ad hoc network may rely on batteries or other exhaustible means for their
energy.
 The use of a specific routing protocol in mobile Ad hoc network depends upon number factors
including size of the network, load, mobility requirements, routing overhead and end-to-end delay.
 There are many topologies and casting used, so the unicasting, multicasting and geocasting
demands by the network nodes in distinguish to single hope wireless networks. It’s because of
rapid change in network topology and with different mobility speeds”. Quality of Service is a main
limitation of MANETs to up to a specified level. It’s becoming very difficult to achieve QoS in
Adhoc networks
 Good solution for temporary application
 Cost efficient.
conclusion
 After taking everything into consideration, it is obvious that the mobile Ad-hoc network is a great
technology that helps to send and receive the information in a fast way because it does not
request any configuration or access point.
 In recent years on-demand routing protocols have attained more attention in mobile Ad hoc
networks as compared to other routing schemes due to their potential flexibility in deployment
and efficiency in terms throughput. They are able to organize themselves dynamically with lower
memory overhead and lower bandwidth requirement than table driven protocols.
 Ad hoc networking will play an important role in this evolution.Its intrinsic flexibility,auto
configuration,lack of needed infrastructure and significant cost advantages making a prime
candidate for becoming a personal pervasive communication.
 Ad hoc network is infrastructure less networks and it is based on Wi-Fi technology

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Presentation

Under the Guidance of: Submitted By:

 C.E. Perkins, Ad hoc networking, Addison-Wesley, 2001

Packet losses due to transmission errors

Broadcast nature of the wireless medium

Processing power reduced as number of hopes are increased.

High cost of memory

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