DEVIANT

TEACHINGS
IN MALAYSIA
ADA 3133

22 And 25th June 2021

CONTEMPORARY DEVIANT
TEACHINGS IN MALAYSIA

• Heretical teachings and practices - Akidah and

Islamic syariat i.e God, Prophet, Imam al-Mahdi,
al-Quran. Praying, fasting and hajj and etc.
• Al- Arqam (Global Ikhwan), Shia’h, Bahaiyyah ,
Daesh and Millah Abraham and Liberalism.
Darul Arqam
The founder of DarulArqam
Ashaari b. Muhamamad b. Idris b. Malik b. Abdul Kadir-born to a religious family in Rembau
Negeri Sembilan on 30 Oct, 1938.

His paternal grandfather , Idris is the descendent of Banu Tamim-

His maternal great grandfather, was a saint (wali).
He learnt Islamic teachings from his uncle -Lebai Ibrahim -Awrad Muhammadiah.
Formal education in primary and secondary school
1956 - a religious teacher in Kg Sg Ujong Teluk Pulai Kelang
1958-1968 - PAS member.
He founded a halaqah . The halawqah marks the beginning of the establishment of Darul
Arqam or Jemaah Aurad Muhammadiah.
 HALAQAH
It was a study group that discussed fundamental Islamic teachings-
Location: Kg.Datuk Keramat, Kuala Lumpur

After three years of its establishment, Zakaria Ansari proposed to name the halaqah as Darul
Arqam -Al-Arqam b. Abi Arqam, one of the companions of the Prophet PBUH.

Since then, they started to recruit new members through usrah umum in several mosques in
Kuala Lumpur such as Masjid Jamek and Masjid Pakistan.
According to Dr Wan Azam (2009:58) they managed to Akhbar Anang , Haji Abdul Halim Abbas
and Haji Hamim Rahmat- the latter top leaderds of Darul Arqam.
The Rise and fall of Darul Arqam

• Darul Arqam established its own village in Sg. Penchala, Selangor. They organized religious and
economic activities there.
• Very successful in terms of economic performance:
• Yayasan Darul Arqam in1975.
• Printing press in 1975. Many people were impressed and eventually became member such as
Syeikh Abdul Rahim Syeikh Ahmad and Mokhtar Yaakob.
• Pusat Perubatan Darul Arqam in Gombak. more than
• 417 economy projects including grocery shops, mini marts, workshops, tailor shops, factories
and etc.
• 100,000 members.
 Cont.
Between 1979 and 1986 , there were conflicts between Ashaaris and his deputies. They
claimed that the content of Award Muhammadiah as deviant. This issue attracted the
attention of the public as well as religious authority.

In respond. Ashaari wrote a book to justify Award Muhammadiah.

1988: The book was banned by the KDN. Ashaari and his family fled to Chiangmai,
Thailand.

5th August 1994, the National Council of Fatwa decreed that the teachings and practices
of al-Arqam and his book as well as Manaqib Syeikh Suhaimi as deviant. http://
esmaf.islam.gov.my/esmaf/index.php/main/mainv1/fatwa/pr/11801

Accordingly, the Malaysia govt. banned the organization under the Organization Act.
Asahari was finally arrested in Chiangmai on the 2nd September 1994 and were detained
without trial under the Internal Security Act.
 Deviant/ Heretical Teachings of al-Arqam

According to Wan Mohd

Azam (2009), similar to However, many of the
that of other tareqat creeds and practices were
tasawuf goups, Al-Arqam invented by Ashaari to
also has its own unique serve his own interest.
creed and practices.
1. Faith about Imam
Mahdi
• The founder of Awrad Muhammadiah,
Syeikh Muhammad Suhaimi was claimed as
Imam Mahdi.
• The Syeikh was not die. He was disappear
and was in seclusion/occultation in Alas
Kotonggo in Java. The place was believed to
be holy (home of the deities) but the place
was not known.
• Muhammad Taha -the grand children of
Syeikh Suhaimi – claimed that the Syeikh is
still alive.
 • In the Awrad Muhammadiah - They add the name of Syeikh
Muhammad Suhaimi in the syahadah for they believed that
he was the Imam Mahdi and the Caliph of the Prophet .
• They also claimed that the position of the S.Suhaimi is equal
to the position of the Khulafa’ ar-Rasyidun.

2. Syahadah
 3. Yaqazah (Wakefulness)

A specific ritual to seek God forgiveness- to strengthen faith in Ashaari’s leadership.

The ritual of Yaqazah was led by Mujahid (Philipines) who was claimed having the ability to communicate with the
unseen things (kasyaf).

Mujahid claimed that he can identify sinners among the followers of al-Arqam . The sinners will be asked to repent
through giving their full commitment and loyalty to the leadership of Ashaari.

In the end of the ritual , Mujahid proclaimed that :

• all of them had been forgiven,
• some followers were identified as the ahl Jannah.
• The ritual was attended by Prophet Muhmmad PBUH and his companions.
 Cont.

4. companionship with the

ginny and tahdir al-arwah
(tanasukh al-arwah) is
permissible. I.e. Silat Sunda 5. Taasub/Fantic- Ashaari- 6. Taqiyah- follow the
they recite mantra to call never question him- simply teaching of Syiah. Taqiyyah
the spirit of S.Suhaimi. accept what has been has no foundation in the
said/decreed to them. teachings of ASWJ.
The spirit of S. Suhami/the
Prophet can be called to
predict the future.
 • 7. Manipulated the practice of Qiyas and Syllogisme of
Aristotle to justify his (Ashaari) arguments about S. Suhaimi as
Imam Mahdi. For example, by referering to the Quran Al-
Baqarah:154 and Al-Imran 55, he made the following
interpretations:

Cont. a. Sesiapa yang mati di jalan Allah tidak mati.

Syeikh Suhaimi salah seorang daripada mereka.
Oleh itu, S. Suhaimi tidak mati.

b. Nabi Isa merupakan manusia biasa yang tidak mati,

S. Suhaimi ialah manusia biasa
Oleh itu, S. Suhaimi tidak mati.
Cont.
• 8. The practice of Polygamy
• Women are required to observe Ashaari’s order concerning marriage.
• Ashaari justify that such practice allows women to overcome their
jealousy hence can increase their iman. Evident: used to be practice by
the pious women.
• To justify, manipulated the Quranic verse and states that marriage must
start with two wives, three and four unless one is not capable of having
more than one wives.
• He also said that. all men are desire to marry more than one wife. So,
to avoid zina, they should be allowed to practice polygamy.
 Deviant doctrines of
Shi’ah Imamiyyah and
Ismailiyyah
 • LITERALLY SHI’A MEANS THE FOLLOWER- THE FOLLOWERS
OR PARTY OF S.ALI R.A.
• CONCEPTUAL MEANING: SHI’A IS THE TERM USED TO
DENOTE THE MUSLIMS WHO BELIEVE THAT PROPHET
MUHAMMAD 'S RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP, SPIRITUAL
SHI’A AUTHORITY, AND DIVINE GUIDANCE WERE PASSED ON TO
HIS DESCENDANTS, BEGINNING WITH HIS SON-IN-LAW
AND COUSIN, ALI IBN ABI TALIB, HIS DAUGHTER, FATIMAH ,
AND THEIR SONS, HASAN AND HUSAYN .
 • Shia Imamiyyah :  the largest branch of Shia Islam, with
about 85% of all Shias.
Shia • The term Twelver (Ithnā ʿAshariyyah), refers to its
Imamiyyah/ adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders,
known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last
the Twelver Imam, Imam al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will
reappear as the promised Mahdi.
• According to Shia tradition, the Mahdi’s times will coincide
with the Second Coming of Jesus, who is to assist Mahdi
against the Dajjal.
 The Ismaili get their name from their
acceptance of Imam Ismaʻil ibn Jafar as the
appointed spiritual successor (imām) to
Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the
Twelver Shia, who accept Musa al-Kadhim,
the younger brother of Ismaʻil, as the true
Shia Imām.
Ismailiyyah
Ismailism rose at one point to become the
largest branch of Shia Islam, climaxing as a
political power with the Fatimid Caliphate in
the tenth through twelfth centuries.
The Concept of Imam Mahdi

• Imam Mahdi is the last of the imams and he was supposed to have gone into
ghayba (occultation) .
• Two main views about the birth of Mahdi: 1) he was born and disappeared. 2) he
has not been born.
• Those who believe that Mahdi was born refer to him as the Imam Asr (Imam of
the Period) and Sahib al Zaman (Lord of Age). He is supposed to have been born in
Samarra in 256/868M and was on earth until 260/872M when his father was
killed. He then went into concealmen.
• Mahdi will appear to his deputies as necessitated by the occasion to provide
guidance to mankind.
The Mission of Imam Mahdi
Mahdi is a vengeful figure who will first take vengeance upon those Sunni Muslims
who have opposed the rights of the family of the Prophet Muhammad to rule.
Establish a messianic state that will encompass the world.

He will destroy mosques because they have become over-adorned and not true
places of worship.
Kill the ulama, or religious scholars, because they have failed to establish a just and
properly Islamic order.
Destroy/amend the existing Islamic norms.
Cont.
•According to Kamaludin Nurdin, the Shiites believe that Mahdi will come to:

1. Bring the most authentic version of the Quran.

2. Kill the Arabs
3. Destroy the Holy Mosques
4. Punish Sayyidatina Aishah r.a
5. Take a revenge against the family of the killer of Imam Hussin.
6. Crucify both Sayyidina Abu Bakr r.a. and Umar r.a
7. He will lead the world according to the teachings of Prophet Daud a.s
 The Sunni Concept of
the Imamate VS Shi’ah
The Nature and Degree of Authority of
Imamate
Sunni Shia
1. The successor of Muhammad, 1. The imam is not only the ruler, but
who is called the khalifah is has supreme religious authority,
subordinate to religious law. whose virtues of sinlessness and
infallibility puts him in a position to
2. The imam must exercise his decide issues that are theological
authority as a ruler of the in nature.
community; it is incumbent 2. The imam is the repository of
upon him to implement religious knowledge and
religious law but he is not interpreter of the religious
himself the religious authority. sciences.
Qualifications of the Imamate

Sunni Shi’ah
1.Imam comes from the Quraysh tribe but
he need not necessarily come from the
1.Only Sayyidina Ali and his
immediate family of Muhammad. descendants having the
2.Knowledgeable on the law and must be
just since his primary task is to administer rightful claim to the
justice. imamate.
3.Possess relevant knowledge which allows
him to perform ijtihad (independent 2.Put more emphasis on
reasoning) and pass judgment;
4.Physically fit and able to protect Islamic
the moral and religious
territory and carry on jihad (religious war). knowledge of the imam.
The selection of Imamate

Sunni Shi’ah
• The proper procedures of choosing the • The Imamis and lsmiili idea of succession
caliph is either by appointment by his through the descent from Sayidina Ali
immediate predecessor or elected by the and through designation does not follow
religious community. the concept of ijma as understood in
• The Sunni emphasizes ijma or the Sunni jurisprudence.
consensus of the community in matters • In other words, the Shi'a doctrine of
of choosing the imam. designation by God implies the
• It is only after the caliph has received the acceptance of the community and carries
bay’ah(allegiance) of the community that further the assumption that the
he assumes legitimacy as caliph. designated imam is imposed upon the
community.
Sunni’s perspective of
Imam Mahdi
Imam Mahdi
1. The Sunni also believe that Imam Mahdi is the descendent of
Prophet Muhammad PBUH who will come before the end of the
day. However, the identity of the imam is not known.
2. Imamah and imam Mahdi is not the principle of faith.
3. The characteristics of Imam Mahdi is explained based on the
Hadith.
4. He is not born yet.
5. He will emerge from Madinah and not from the cave of Sammira.
6. His mission is totally different from that of Shi’a.
Cont.
7. The mission of Imam Mahdi:
a) To establish peace and justice according to the teachings of Quran and
Hadith not based on the teachings of Prophet Daud a.s.
b) To free the world from tyranny, mulkan jabriyyan ( kings who follow their
own lust and disobey the law of Allah), cruelty, deviation and negativity
(wrong doings and immoral behaviour/conduct).
c) He will lead the Muslim armies, conquer and rule the world based on
Tawhidic concept (the vicegerent of God on the earth).
d) He will be the spiritual leader and the Judge of Justice.
Deviant/Heretical Teachings of Shi’ah
1. Imam: Regarded as the replacement of the Prophet- the Imam of
temporal and spiritual- ma’sum and receive divine revelations
directly from the God. Imamah/ Khilafah is regarded as the
principle of faith in Shiism.
2. Reincarnation/raj’ah of Imam Mahdi to bring justice in this world.
3. They regard Prophet Companions as infidel. The battle of Jamal;
syiah imamiyyah opined that S. Aishah, Zubir and Talhah and those
took part in the war against S.Ali were regarded as infidel.
4. Legalize the practice of Mutaah.
Cont.
5. Have Their Own Quranic Version Known As Mushaf Ali- The Mushaf
Is Orgnized Differently From That Of Mushaf Uthmani. It Starts
With Al-fatihah, Yusuf, An-Nisa And Al-Maidah.
6. Iqtiqad Al-taqiyyah- Must Be Practiced By All Shiites.
7. The Syariah Law -Applicable To The Lay People- The Imams Are Not
Subjected To The Law- Ma’sum.
8. Reject Ijma’ And Qiyas.
Cont.
9. Hadith- They Accept The Hadith Compiled By Their Scholars Only-
Refer To Hadith As Stated In Kitab Al-kafi Compiled By Al-kulini
(Muhammad Ya’kub Al-kulini). Reject Hadith Used By Aswj To Revive
Hukm- Justify Why Shiites Have No Knowledge About Syariah Law
According To ASWJ
10. Pay a visit to the grave of Sayyidina Hussain will be rewarded Jannah.
11. Permit the practice of solat jama’ on all occasions.
12. Dhuha is haram.
13. Islam or being a Muslim is not the condition to perform hajj.
Cont.

14. 10th Muharram Day

of Ashura= slash and
whip themselves to
mourn the death the
Prophet Muhammad
PBUH grandson.
Conclusion
• Similarities between Shi’ah and Al-Arqam- Imam Mahdi, Taqiyyah and
tanasukh arwah.
• The concept of Imamah and Imam Mahdi in Shiites and al-Arqam is totally
different from that of Sunni’s.
• The understanding of imamah as infallible, have full religious authority and
the claim that Imam Mahdi will come to bring the most authentic version of
the Quran is totally contradict to the faith of Ahl sunnah- the accuracy and
holiness of the Quran is protected by Allah SWT.
• Imamate as one of the principles of faith in Islam-contradict ASWJ.
• The mission of Imam Mahdi according to Shiites- slanderous against Imam
Mahdi.
Further reading

• Vivienne S.M. Angeles The Development Of The Shia Concept Of The

Imamate. Asian Studies.
http://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-21-1983/angeles.p
df

• Kamaluddin Nurdin. 2016. Imam Mahdi Menyingkap Rahsia

Penyelamat Yang Dinanti-nanti. PTS Publishing House Sendirian
Berhad: Kuala Lumpur.