Nahdlatul Ulama
Nahdlatul Ulama
Nahdlatul Ulama
com
PIG
INTRODUCTION
Background
The development of Islamic society was initiated by the revelation of the
Qur'an in 601 AD. The revelation of the Qur'an, as well as a sign of Muhammad's
appointment as the Prophet and Messenger of Allah. The Al-Qur'an and the
Prophet have a central position and function in the personality structure, attitudes
and social life of adherents of Islam. Both are the main references to the attitudes,
views and social actions of Muslims.
After the death of the Prophet and the end of the caliphate
(Kholifaurosidin) several schools emerged, namely the Safi'I school, the Hanafi
school, the Hambali school, and the Maliki school. Basically these schools are not
a trigger for the emergence of many Islamic sects, groups or organizations, but the
basic elements of the Muslim community who consider this to be the trigger.
Here we will open one of the many organizations that exist on this earth,
what is the history, profile and missionary ethics of the Nahdlatul Ulama
organization.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What is Nahdlatul Ulama?
2. How is the History of the Formation of Nahdlatul Ulama?
3. What are the main teachings / Ethics of Da'wa in Nahdlatul Ulama?
C. Purpose
1. To Know What is Nahdlatul Ulama
2. To Know the History of the Formation of Nahdlatul Ulama.
3. To find out the main teachings / Ethics of Da'wa in Nahdlatul Ulama.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. What is Nahdlatul Ulama
Nahdlatul Ulama abbreviated as NU, means the awakening of Ulama. An
organization founded by scholars on: 16 Rajab 1344 H/ 31 January 1926 M in
Surabaya.
Nahdlatul Ulama as jam'iyah diniyah is a forum for Ulama and their
followers, with the aim of maintaining, preserving, developing and practicing
Islamic teachings that are Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah and adhere to one of the four
madzabs respectively:
1. Imam Abu Hanifah an-Nu'man
2. Imam Malik bin Anas
3. Imam Muhammad Idris As-Shafi'i and
4. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is a religious movement that aims to participate in
building and developing people and society who fear Allah, are intelligent,
skilled, have noble character, are peaceful, just and prosperous. NU realizes its
ideals and goals through a series of endeavors based on the basics of religious
understanding, which form the distinctive personality of Nahdlatul Ulama.
B. HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA
Kyai Haji Mohammad Hasyim Asy'ari, the back is also often spelled
Asy'ari or Ashari, born April 10 1875 (24 Dzulqaidah 1287H) and died on July 25
1947 buried in Tebu Ireng, Jombang, was the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama, an
Islamic mass organization which the biggest in Indonesia.
KH Hasyim Asy'ari is the third son of 11 siblings. His father's name was
Kyai Asyari, the leader of the Hard Islamic Boarding School in the south of
Jombang. Her mother's name is Halimah. From the maternal line, Hasyim is the
eighth descendant of Jaka Tingkir (Sultan Pajang). Hasyim is the third son of 11
siblings. But Hasyim's family is Kyai's family. His grandfather, Kyai Utsman led
the Ngedang Islamic Boarding School, north of Jombang. Meanwhile, his own
father, Kyai Asy'ari, led the Keras Islamic Boarding School in the south of
Jombang. It was these two people who firmly instilled the values and foundations
of Islam in Hasyim. KH Hasyim Asyari was also a hero of Indonesian
independence. During the struggle to expel the invaders, Kyai Hasyim was known
as an advocate, adviser, as well as a general in the paramilitary movements such
as GPII, Hezbollah, Sabilillah, and the Mujahideen movement. Even General
Soedirman and Bung Tomo always asked Kyai Hasyim for guidance. Tracing his
genealogy, through Sunan Giri (Raden Ainul Yaqin) KH Hasyim Asy'ari had a
lineage to the Prophet.
Education KH. Hasyim Asyari
Since he was a child, Hasyim's leadership talent and intelligence have been
evident. Among his playmates, he often appears as a leader. At the age of 13, he
helped his father teach students who were bigger than himself. At the age of 15,
Hasyim left his parents and traveled to deepen his knowledge from one pesantren
to another. At first he became a student at the Wonokoyo Islamic Boarding
School, Probolinggo. Then he moved to the PP Langitan Islamic Boarding School,
Widang, Tuban. Moved again Trenggilis Islamic Boarding School, Semarang. Not
satisfied with the various knowledge he has acquired, he continues at the
Kademangan Islamic Boarding School, Bangkalan under the tutelage of KH
Cholil Bangkalan.
KH Hasyim Asyari learned the basics of religion from his father and
grandfather, Kyai Utsman who was also the leader of the Ngedang Islamic
Boarding School in Jombang. Since the age of 15, he has traveled to study at
various Islamic boarding schools, including the Wonokoyo Islamic Boarding
School in Probolinggo, Langitan Islamic Boarding School in Tuban, Trenggilis
Islamic Boarding School in Semarang, Kademangan Islamic Boarding School in
Bangkalan and Siwalan Islamic Boarding School in Sidoarjo.
Not long here, Hasyim moved again at the Siwalan Islamic Boarding
School, Sidoarjo. It was at this pesantren that Kyai Ya'qub cared for, it seems, that
Hasyim felt he had truly found the source of Islam he wanted. Kyai Ya'qub is
known as a scholar who is broad-minded and pious in religious knowledge. It took
quite a long time –five years– Hasyim absorbed knowledge at the Siwalan Islamic
Boarding School. And apparently Kyai Ya'qub himself had a deep crush on this
smart and pious young man. So, Hasyim not only got knowledge, but also a wife.
He, who was only 21 years old, was married to Chadidjah, one of Kyai Ya'qub's
daughters. Not long after marriage, Hasyim and his wife left for Mecca to perform
the pilgrimage. Seven months there, Hasyim returned to his homeland, after his
wife and child died.
In 1893, he departed again for the Holy Land. Since then he lived in
Mecca for 7 years and studied with Shaykh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau, Shaykh
Mahfudz At-Tarmasi, Shaykh Ahmad Amin Al Aththar, Shaykh Ibrahim Arab,
Shaykh Said Yamani, Shaykh Rahmaullah, Shaykh Sholeh Bafadlal, Sayyid
Abbas Maliki, Sayyid Alwi bin Ahmad As Saqqaf, and Sayyid Husein Al Habsyi.
In 1899 when he returned to Indonesia, Hasyim taught at his grandfather's Islamic
boarding school, Kyai Usman. Shortly thereafter he founded the Tebuireng
Islamic Boarding School, Jombang. Kyai Hasyim is not only a well-known Kyai,
but also a successful farmer and trader. The land is tens of hectares. Two days a
week, Kyai Hasyim usually takes a break from teaching. That's when he checked
his rice fields. Sometimes he also goes to Surabaya to trade horses, iron and sells
his agricultural products.
History of Nahdlatul Ulama and Nationalism and the Hijaz Committee
His ability in the science of hadith was inherited from his teacher, Shaykh
Mahfudz At-Tarmasi in Mecca. For 7 years Hasyim studied with the famous
Shaykh from Pacitan, East Java. Besides Shaykh Mahfudh, Hasyim also studied
with Shaykh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau. It was also from these two professors
that Kyai Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of Muhammadiyah, studied. So, KH
Hasyim Asy'ari and KH Ahmad Dahlan were actually single teachers.
Islamic boarding schools persisted against colonialism by forming
movement organizations, such as Nahdhatul Wathan (Revival of the Motherland)
in 1916. Then in 1818 Taswirul Afkar was founded or also known as Nahdhatul
Fikri (revival of thought). Meanwhile, backwardness, both mentally and
economically experienced by the Indonesian nation, as a result of colonialism and
as a result of the confines of tradition, awakened the awareness of the educated to
fight for the dignity of this nation, through education and organization. The
movement that emerged in 1908 was known as the National Awakening. suffering
and being left behind by other nations, in response, various educational and
liberation organizations emerged.
When King ibn Saud wanted to apply a single principle, namely the
Wahhabi school of thought in Mecca, and wanted to destroy all the relics of
Islamic and pre-Islamic history, which so far had been visited by many people
because they were considered heretical. The idea of the Wahhabis received a
warm welcome from Islamic modernists in Indonesia. both the Muhammadiyah
circles under the leadership of Ahmad Dahlan, as well as the PSII under the
leadership of HOS Tjikroaminoto. On the other hand, the Islamic boarding
schools, which up until now have defended diversity, reject the restrictions on
practicing schools of thought and the destruction of the heritage of civilization.
Islamic boarding schools are also not involved as delegates in the Conference of
'Alam Islami (International Islamic Congress) in Mecca which will ratify the
decision.Driven by their persistent interest in creating freedom of thought and
concern for the preservation of civilizational heritage, Islamic boarding schools
were forced to form their own delegation called the Hejaz Committee, chaired by
KH. Wahab Hasbullah.
After that, King Ibnu Saud abandoned his intention. As a result, until now
in Mecca they are free to carry out worship according to their respective schools
of thought. After coordinating with the kiai, an agreement finally emerged to form
an organization called Nahdhotul Ulama on 16 Rajab 1344 (January 31, 1926),
and KH Hasyim Asyari as Rais Akbar. To emphasize the basic principles of this
organization, KH. Hasyim Asyari formulated the book Qanun Asasi (basic
principles), then also formulated the book I'itiqad Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah. The
two books were later embodied in the Khittah NU, which became the basis and
reference for NU members in thinking and acting in the social, religious and
political fields. After the NU congregation was established, the Hejaz Committee
was disbanded and all the tasks of the Hejaz Committee which had not been
carried out were delegated to the Nahdhatul Ulama congregation. After the
scholars agreed on the establishment of Nahdhatul ulama, Kiai Hasyim asked Kiai
Ridwan Nasyir to make the symbol. Through the istikharah process, Kiai Ridwan
Nasyir received a hint of the earth and nine stars. "This picture is good. But I ask
you to go to Kiai Nawawi in Sidogiri to ask for further instructions," said Kiai
Hasyim After the symbol was made, Kiai Ridwan faced Kiai Hasyim and handed
over the results of the image he had made. "This picture is good. But I ask you to
go to Kiai Nawawi in Sidogiri to ask for further instructions," said Kiai Hasyim
After the symbol was made, Kiai Ridwan faced Kiai Hasyim and handed over the
results of the image he had made. "This picture is good. But I ask you to go to
Kiai Nawawi in Sidogiri to ask for further instructions," said Kiai Hasyim
Bringing a sketch of the NU symbol, Kiai Ridwan met Kiai Nawani in
Sidogiri." Kiai Hasyim asked me to make a xylophone for the NU symbol. After I
made the picture, Kiai Hasyim asked me to ask the Kiai to get further instructions,
“explained Kiai Ridwan. After looking at the picture of the NU symbol; "I agree
with the picture of the earth and the nine stars, but you still need to add the rope
that binds the picture of the earth, the ties are made loose." as long as the ropes
that bind the earth are still strong, until the end of the world, NU will not
disappear," said Kiai Nawawi.
Kyai Hasyim, who at that time became the "qibla" of the Kyai, managed to
unite them through the establishment of Nahdlatul Ulama'. At the time of the
establishment of the national movement organization to form the Indonesian
Islamic Council (MIAI), Kyai Hasyim with his son Kyai Wahid Hasyim, was
appointed as its leader (the period 1937-1942).
C. main teachings / Ethics of indictment in Nahdlatul Ulama.
Nahdhatul Ulama adheres to Ahlussunnah waljamaah, a mindset that takes a
middle path between the aqli (easional) extreme and the naqli (spiritualist)
extreme.
Because of that, NU's sources of law and thought are
1. Al-Qur'an
2. Sunnah
3. Ijma'
4. Qiyas
Such a way of thinking is referred to from thinking in the field of Aqidah
according to:
1. Al Imam Abu Hasan Al-Asyari
2. Al Imam Abu Mansyur Al-Maturudi
Then in the field of jurisprudence NU recognizes and follows one of the four
schools of thought, namely:
1. Imam Abu Hanifah
2. Imam Maliki
3. Imam Shafi'i
4. Imam Ahmad bin Hambal
As for the reasons why NU in the field of Islamic law is more guided by one of
the four schools of thought:
First, the Qur'an as the basic or main basis of Islamic law that is universal, so that
only the Prophet SAW knows in detail the intent and purpose of what is contained
in the Koran. The Prophet himself showed and explained the meaning and intent
of the Koran through his sunnahs, namely in the form of words, deeds, and taqrir.
Second, the Sunnah of the Prophet saw. Which are in the form of words, deeds
and taqrir that are only known by the friends who lived together (while) with him,
therefore it is necessary to examine, investigate, and then be guided by the
statements of these friends. However, some scholars do not allow them to just
follow their companions. Therefore, to obtain certainty and stability, the path
taken is to refer to the mujtahidin scholars who are none other than the imams of
the four schools of thought, meaning that in taking and using the products of fiqh
(Islamic law) from the mujtahidin scholars it must be studied, researched and
considered first. before becoming a guideline and foundation for Nahdlatul
Ulama.
Therefore, to research and study a fiqh product within NU there is a forum for
studying fiqh legal products which can be called "Bahsul Masail ad-Diniyah
(discussion of religious issues)". So in this forum various religious issues will be
discussed and a law will be passed, which in turn will become a guideline for
Nahdlatul Ulama.
Meanwhile, in the field of Sufism, developing a method that integrates Sufism
with Shari'a according to:
1. Imam al-Ghazali Al-Baghdadi
2. Imam Junaidi Al-Baghdadi
For this purpose, namely forming the right mental attitude and inner awareness in
worship for NU members, then in 1957 NU figures formed a body "Jamiyah at-
Tariqah al-Mutabarah" this body was a forum for NU members to follow the
teachings of Sufism . During its development in 1979, during the NU congress in
Semarang, the body was renamed "Jamiyah at-Tariqah al-Mu'tabrah an-
Nahdliyah." By looking at the name of the body, which contains the word
nahdliyin, this shows its identity as a body within the Nahdlatul Ulama
environment.
Furthermore, in line with the pace of development that is being carried out, NU as
an integral part of society and the nation must have an attitude and stand in and
participate in this development. NU's attitude and stance then became the
guideline and reference for NU members in religious, social and state life. NU's
attitude in the field of society is inspired and based on the attitudes and religious
understandings it adheres to. NU's societal attitude is characterized by the
following characteristics:
1. The attitude of Tawasut and I'tidal
Tawasut means middle, while i'tidal means upright. The meaning is a middle
attitude that is centered on the principle of life that upholds the obligation to
behave together. With this basic attitude, NU will always be a role model group
that behaves and acts in a straight line and always has a constructive attitude and
avoids all forms of approaches that are systematic (extreme).
2. Tasamuh attitude
The point is that NU is tolerant of dissenting views, both in religious matters,
especially matters of a furu' nature or those which are khilafiah issues or in issues
related to society and culture.
3. Tawazun attitude.
That is a balanced attitude in service. Adjusting service to Allah SWT, service to
fellow human beings and to the surrounding environment. Aligning past, present
and future interests.
4. Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar.
All NU members are expected to have the sensitivity to encourage good and
beneficial actions for social life, as well as prevent all things that can lead to and
degrade the values of human life.
Nahdlatul Ulama Management Structure
A. NU Organizational Structure
1) PBNU (Management of Nahdlatul Ulama Members) Center, having an office in
the National Capital.
2) PWNU (Nadhlatul Ulama Regional Management), Provincial level.
3) PCNU (Nadhlatul Ulama Branch Manager). Regency/City Level.
4) PCINU (Management of the Nahdlatul Ulama Special Branch) abroad has an
office in the national capital where the NU management has been formed.
5) MWCNU (Assembly of Representatives of the Nahdlatul Ulama Branch) at the
District level.
6) PRNU (Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Management) at village level.
7) PARNU (Management of Nahdlatul Ulama Branch Children) at the
hamlet/environment level.
B. NU Management Institution Structure
1) . Mustasyar (Adviser)
2) Syuriah (Highest Leader) consists of:
Some representatives of Rais
Katib
How many representatives kaib
Lay
Rais
3). Tanfidziyah (Daily Executive) consists of:
Several Chiefs
Secretary
Several undersecretary
Treasurer
Several Bedahara representatives
Chairman
C. Lahjah Organizational Structure, Banom and Institutions
PP (Central Leader)
PW (Regional Manager)
PC (Branch Head)
PAC (Subsidiary Head)
Twigs for the village
Commissariat for management in a certain place.
D. Organization Tools
1. Banom
a) Jamiyyah Al Mu'tabarrah An-Nahdliyah Tariqah Expert (JATMN)
b) Jam'iyyatul Qurra wal Huffazh (JQH)
c) Muslimat
d) Fatayat
e) Ansor Youth Movement (GP Ansor)
f) Nahdlatul Ulama Student Association (IPNU)
g) Nahdlatul Ulama Female Student Association (IPPNU)
h) Nahdlatul Ulama Association of Scholars (ISNU)
i) Indonesian Muslim Workers Union (Sarbumusi)
j) Nusa Fence
k) PMII
2. Committee
a) Lajna Falakiyah
b) Lajnah Ta'alif Nasyr (LTN)
3. Institution
a) Nahdlatul Ulama Da'wah Institute (LDNU)
b) Ma'arif NU Education Institute
c) NU Economic Institute (LPNU)
d) NU Agricultural Development Institute (LP2NU)
e) Family benefit institution (LKKNU)
f) HR Research Institute (Lakpesdam)
g) Legal counseling and assistance institution (LPBHNU)
h) Indonesian Muslim Arts and Culture Institute (Lesbumi)
i) LAZISNU
j) Waqf and Land Institution (LWPNU)
k) Bahtsul Masail Institute
l) Indonesian Mosque Ta'miri Institute
m) Health care institute
PBNU Management Composition for the 2015-2016 Period:
Mustasyar :
KH. Maemun Zubair
KH. Ahmad Mustofa Bisri
Habib Lutfi bin Yahya
Habin Zein bin Smith
Advisory:
Rais Aam : Dr. KH. Ma'aruf Amin
Deputy Rais Aam : KH. Miftahul Ahyar
Katib Aam : KH. Yahya Cholil Staff
Tanfidziyah:
Chairman : Prof. Dr. KH. Said Aqil Siraj
Representative : Drs. H. Slamet Effendy Yusuf
Chairman:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Mochammad Maksum Machfoed, M.Sc
Dr. H. Marsudi Syuhud
General Secretary : Dr. H. Helmi Faizal Zaini
Deputy Secretary General : H. Andi Najmi Fuadi
General Treasurer : Dr. Ing H. Bina Suhendra
Treasurer : H. Abidin
The following is the complete composition of PBNU management for the 2022-
2027 service period based on PBNU Decree number 01/A.II.04/01/2022
consisting of mustasyar (advisory board), syuriyah daily management, a'wan
(expert council), and tanfidziyah daily management :
MUSTASYAR
SYURIA
CLOUD
TANFIDZIYAH
Arranged by :
Name : Syamsul Huda (2197174041)
study program : PGSD
Class : 4K