iGCSE Chemistry Lesson 6 Rusting and Galvanising

Rusting and galvanising
Do now:
What chemical reaction is happening here? Write a
balanced equation.
List ways that might prevent this happening.
Do All Metals Rust?
Tarnish/ Made when a metal
Corrode reacts with oxygen.
Metal oxide When iron gets covered in a

layer of iron oxide.
When a metal gets covered

Rust
in a layer of metal oxide.
The only metal that rusts is iron!

Corrosion
Corrosion is caused by chemical reactions between metal and
substances in the environment.
The products of corrosion can affect the strength of the metal as well
as the appearance.
The corrosion of iron is called rusting.
Rust
Rust forms on the surface of iron (and most steels). Rust (iron oxide)
is a soft, crumbly substance and flakes off, causing more rust.
This is unlike aluminium, where the oxide layer protects the
aluminium underneath from further corrosion.
Rusting Investigation
In order for rusting to occur, two other chemicals need to be
present.
Read the instruction sheet carefully (and stick it in).

Make a list of all the equipment that you will need.
Ind
ep
end
e nt
Va
ri ab
les
?
Depe
nden
t Var les?
ia b le? i a b
tro l Var
Con
Follow the instructions on the sheet.
Label your experiment with your names. You will observe the
results next lesson.
When you have finished, answer the questions below in full

sentences:
1. Why was the water in test tube 2 boiled?

2. Why was oil added to test tube 2?
3. Why was calcium chloride added to test tube 4?
4. Why should the same type of nail be used in each tube?
Copy the results table. Fill in the “conditions” in each test
tube.
1 2 3 4
Conditions Air and water No air Salty water No water

present and air
present
Expected
result
Observations
Watch the video → https://youtu.be/XMr4vse7Ybo?t=47
Fill in the Expected Results for each test tube.
1 2 3 4

present and air
present
Expected
Rusting occurs No rusting Rusting occurs No rusting
result
Observations
Hypothesis: Rusting will only occur when …

Reaction Equation
water
Complete the word equation:
________ + ________ + → hydrated iron ________
Balance the symbol equation below:

Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
The presence of water allows iron and oxygen atoms react with each
other faster..
Investigation Results
Collect your experiment.
Fill in your results table with your
observations.
1 2 3 4

present and air
present
Expected
result
Observations
Conclusion and Evaluation
1 2 3 4

present and air
present
Expected
result
Observations Rust No rust More rust No rust

visible than tube 1
Do your results match your hypothesis?

If you did not see the expected results, why do you think this
happened? How could your experiment be improved?
Conclusion and Evaluation
How do the results for test
tube 1 and test tube 3
differ?
What can you conclude

about rusting in salt water
vs freshwater?
TEST TEST
TUBE 1 TUBE 3
WATER SALTWAT
ER
How would you protect iron from rusting?
Write down a list of all the ways we could protect iron from rusting.
Think about around your local area.

How would you protect iron from rusting?
Galvanising
The process of coating a metal e.g. iron with a
more reactive one e.g. zinc.
This means that even if the protective layer gets
a scratch, the water and oxygen will continue to
react with the more reactive metal (unlike paint,
which would mean the iron would still rust).
Shipwreck Problem!
A scuba diver visits two different underwater
shipwrecks. Shipwreck A is less rusty than Shipwreck
B and has deteriorated less.
Write down a list of all the possible reasons for why

this could have happened.
Shipwreck A Shipwreck B
Shipwreck Problem!
Add any ideas that you missed.
Have you thought of any other reasons?
Shipwreck B might have

Shipwreck A might have been in been in shallower water
freshwater and Shipwreck B might (closer to the surface,
have been in saltwater, where where there is more
rusting would occur faster. oxygen available).
Shipwreck B might have

been there for a lot longer
Shipwreck A might have been and has rusted more.
better protected from rusting
(by galvanising or better
painting/coating).
Exam question
Complete exam
questions
Mark scheme

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Rusting and galvanising

Metal oxide When iron gets covered in a

When a metal gets covered

The only metal that rusts is iron!

Read the instruction sheet carefully (and stick it in).

When you have finished, answer the questions below in full

1. Why was the water in test tube 2 boiled?

Conditions Air and water No air Salty water No water

Conditions Air and water No air Salty water No water

Hypothesis: Rusting will only occur when …

Complete the word equation:

________ + ________ + → hydrated iron ________

Balance the symbol equation below:

Conditions Air and water No air Salty water No water

Conditions Air and water No air Salty water No water

Observations Rust No rust More rust No rust

Do your results match your hypothesis?

What can you conclude

Think about around your local area.

Write down a list of all the possible reasons for why

Shipwreck B might have

Shipwreck B might have

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+ + → hydrated iron