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    Pump A

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    shmn s
    The document discusses the functions and operation of centrifugal pumps. It explains that centrifugal pumps transfer fluid between two points by producing the required flow rate and pressure. They work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to the fluid and a volute or diffuser to convert this to pressure energy. Cavitation can occur if the suction pressure is too low, resulting in vapor bubbles that implode violently and damage pump components if not addressed. Steps to prevent cavitation include increasing suction pressure, reducing temperature and head losses, and lowering flow rate or impeller speed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pump A

    Uploaded by

    shmn s
    21 views12 pages
    The document discusses the functions and operation of centrifugal pumps. It explains that centrifugal pumps transfer fluid between two points by producing the required flow rate and pressure. They work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to the fluid and a volute or diffuser to convert this to pressure energy. Cavitation can occur if the suction pressure is too low, resulting in vapor bubbles that implode violently and damage pump components if not addressed. Steps to prevent cavitation include increasing suction pressure, reducing temperature and head losses, and lowering flow rate or impeller speed.

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    The document discusses the functions and operation of centrifugal pumps. It explains that centrifugal pumps transfer fluid between two points by producing the required flow rate and pressure. They work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to the fluid and a volute or diffuser to convert this to pressure energy. Cavitation can occur if the suction pressure is too low, resulting in vapor bubbles that implode violently and damage pump components if not addressed. Steps to prevent cavitation include increasing suction pressure, reducing temperature and head losses, and lowering flow rate or impeller speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views12 pages

    Pump A

    Uploaded by

    shmn s
    The document discusses the functions and operation of centrifugal pumps. It explains that centrifugal pumps transfer fluid between two points by producing the required flow rate and pressure. They work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to the fluid and a volute or diffuser to convert this to pressure energy. Cavitation can occur if the suction pressure is too low, resulting in vapor bubbles that implode violently and damage pump components if not addressed. Steps to prevent cavitation include increasing suction pressure, reducing temperature and head losses, and lowering flow rate or impeller speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Functions of a Pump

     Transfer fluid between two


    points.
     Produce required flow rate.
     Produce required pressure.
    PUMPS- Are used to move liquids , known
    technically as non-compressible fluids,
    around or through a pumping system.
    Pumps and Viscosity of Fluid
    Handled.
     Viscosity of the fluid pumped must be within the range
    specified in the pump design.
    Reciprocating Displacement pumps can handle any required
    viscosity.
    Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps ( Common- Gear and
    Screw ) are used for intermediate range of viscosities.
    Centrifugal Pumps are used for Medium to Low range of vis-
    cosities.

     Onboard ships, permission should be obtained before any flu-


    ids are moved, which might affect the stability of the ship.
    Centrifugal Pump- Theory
    The energy changes occur in a centrifugal pump by
    virtue of two main parts of the pump.
    The Impeller – The rotating part that converts driver
    energy into kinetic energy.
    The volute or Diffuser – The stationary part that con-
    verts the kinetic energy into pressure energy.
    The process liquid enters the suction nozzle and then
    into the eye of the impeller. Impeller spins the liquid sit-
    ting in the cavities between the vanes, outwards and
    provides centrifugal acceleration. As liquid leaves the
    eye of the impeller, a low pressure area is created, caus-
    ing more liquid to flow towards the inlet. Because the
    impeller blades are curved, the fluid is pushed in a tan-
    gential and radial direction by the centrifugal forces.
    Centrifugal Pump - Theory

    The amount of energy given to the liquid is


    proportional to the velocity at the edge or
    vane tip of the impeller. The faster the im-
    peller revolves or bigger the impeller is, then
    higher will be the velocity of the liquid at the
    vane tip and greater the energy imparted to
    the liquid.
    Priming of Centrifugal Pump.
    Priming is the process of removing Air/Vapour
    and filling the suction piping, impeller and pump
    casing with the fluid.
    METHODS OF PRIMING

     Liquid ring air-pump.

     Ejector.

     Reciprocating Pump. – Obsolete.


    Types of Impellers With Re-
    spect to Construction.

    o Open (with partial shrouds for strength. -


    - For abrasive liquids with suspended solids.

    o Semi-Open - - For viscous liquids.

    o Enclosed - - For clear liquids.


    Cavitation
    Suction Cavitation
    Suction Cavitation occurs when the pump suc-
    tion is under a low pressure/high vacuum con-
    dition where the liquid turns into a vapor at the
    eye of the pump impeller. This vapor is carried
    over to the discharge side of the pump where it
    no longer sees vacuum and is compressed back
    into a liquid by the discharge pressure. This im-
    ploding action occurs violently and attacks the
    face of the impeller. An impeller that has been
    operating under a suction cavitation condition
    has large chunks of material removed from its
    face causing premature failure of the pump.
     
    Centrifugal Pump –
    Operational Summary

    o THREE INDICATIONS IF A PUMP IS CAVI-


    TATING

    o Noise.

    o Fluctuating discharge pressure and flow.

    o Fluctuating pump motor current.


    Steps to Stop cavitation of a
    Pump
     Increase pressure at the suction of the
    pump.

     Reduce the temperature of the liquid


    being pumped.

     Reduce head losses in the suction pip-


    ing.

     Reduce the flow rate through the pump.

     Reduce the speed of the pump impeller.


    Effects of cavitation.

    o Degraded pump performance.

    o Metal gets corroded seen as small pittings.

    o Audiable rattling or crackling sounds which


    can reach a pitch of dangerous vibrations.

    o Damage to pump impeller, bearings, wear


    rings and seals.

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