Learning 1.

trace the development of S&T in the Philippines from “ancient”

times to the 21st century, culminating in the establishment of the
Outcomes Department of Science and Technology
At the end of this
module, the 2. describe the interrelationship between science and technology, and
students are the technology innovation process

expected to : 3.defend their analysis on the achievement of the national S&T

goals of the country using supporting literature

4. collaborate on creating ideation on innovation for social

impact

1
Lesson Outline
1. Development of S&T in the Philippines
a. Stone Age
b. Iron Age
c. Chalcolithic Age
d. 10th century AD to Before Spaniards came
e. Spanish Regime
f. American Period
g. Birth of DOST
2. Science and Technology and the Innovation Process
a. Science, Technology defined
b. Technology Innovation Process
c. How Science Contributes to Technology
3. Global Competitiveness Ranking 2019
4. National S&TAgenda
2
Useful References
1.. Brookes, H. 1994 . The relati onshi p between science and technology. . Resear c h Policy 23 ( 5 ) : 477 - 486 .
https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01001-3

2. Cororaton, C.B. 2003. Research and Development and Technology in the Philippines. Makati, Philippines: Philippine
Institute for
Development Studies. Available at https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/ PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf

3.Caoili, O. undated. History of Science and Technology in the Philippines. Available at https://tuxdoc.com/ download/history-of-science- and-technology-
in-the-philippines_pdf#download-require

4.Dizon, Eusebio Zamora, di"An Iron Age in the Philippines? A critical examination" (1988). Dissertations available from ProQuest.
AAI8816166. https://repository.upenn.edu/ssertations/AAI8816166

5. [DOST] Department of Science and Technology website www.dost.gov.ph

6. National Museum website www.nationalmuseum.gov

7.Schwab, K. 2019. Global Competi ti veness Report 2019 . Geneva, Switzerland: W orld Economic Forum. Available at
www.weforum.org/gcr.

3
1. DEVELOPMENT
OF S&T IN THE
PHILIPPINES
4
Early inhabitants of the Philippine Islands

There were indications that people in the Philippine

islands were relativelyself-sufficient and had
established autonomous communities long before the
Spaniards arrived. The early Filipinos had attained a
generally simple level of technological development,
compared with those of the Chinese and Japanese, but this
was sufficient for their needs during that period of time.

https://tuxdoc.com/download/history-of-science-and-technology-in-the-philippines_pdf

5
 S&T in the Philippines: A
Glimpse
Archaeological 50000 YA 10-15 AD – trade and
findings Stone age inhabitants in business with China,
revealed major areas made tools, Borneo
existence of weapons and later,
scattered ornaments and pottery (2
communities to 10 AD)
even before the Spanish colonization era
Spaniards came Led to Modern S&T, “uneven technological
governance, education developments” – artillery,
(UST)…. farming, houses, system of
Science Act of writing and weighing
1958…leading to
birth of DOST
1a. STONE AGE
Earliest people in the Philippines reported by Detroit
• Philippine islands probably formed et al. 2019 probably belonged to the hominin species
70MYA Homo luzonensis , about 67000yo. Watch the
• Earliest people in the Philippines video in this link https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJtjKwV.GBzs!
~750,000 YA (Pleistocene Epoch)
• stone tools and fossils of large migrating
animals such as elephants, stegodons,
rhinoceros, and giant turtles found in
Palawan and Cagayan Valley.
• Humans led a mobile existence, hunting
and gathering, living in caves, and using
fire and stone tools.

7
STONE AGE IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later methods of sawing
and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C. were found.

• By around 3,000 B.C. stone age people were producing adzes ornaments
of seashells and pottery. Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until
they imported Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned to produce copper,
bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments.

• As early as Neolithic age, inhabitants were trading with other societies.

8
Stone Age Tools found in the Philippines

Stone adze, 0.9MYO

(Paleolithic )
Stone adzes found in Arku Cave, in
Penablanca, Cagayan; Duyung Cave in
Palawan; Dimolit, Isabela; and Candaba,
Pampanga
The oldest known ornaments made from
cone shells were found in the early 1960’s
in the grave of an adult male in Duyong
Cave in Palawan. A shell disk with a hole
in the center was found next to his right ear
Flake tool and a disk with a hole by the edge was
(Paleolithic ) found on his chest. The shell ornaments
were dated 4854 B.C.
Recovered from the Espinosa Ranch
Site, Cagayan www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph
16000-8000 BC

9
 Flaked
artifacts
from Tabon,
Duyong
and Guri
caves
THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E. RALLOS,
10
SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
Petroglyphs

The earliest prehistoric rock drawings studied extensively

were those found at the boundary of Angono and
Binangonan, Rizal Province. The site is a rock shelter or a
shallow cave about 63 meters wide, 8 meters deep and 5 meters
at its highest point. One hundred twenty seven human
figures scattered on the wall were made by engraving lines
using a piece of stone on the surface of the rock shelter. The cuts
vary from ten centimeters down to faint lines figures. The
figures consist of circular heads, with or without necks set on
a rectangular or v-shaped body. The linear arms and legs are
usually flexed. Some incisions on the rock wall are triangles,
rectangles and circles. Rock art is closely linked with a system
of belief of
a particular group of people. It is symbolic, not decorative.
www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph

111
1
Bark Cloth Beater

Arku Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan

1255-605 BC

12
 1b. Iron Age
• According to Dizon (1988), probably between ca. 500-200 B.C.
• iron supplied by Chinese traders in exchange for forest
products, gold, salt, beads, etc. and that local blacksmiths processed
iron for agriculture and household implements. Surpluses were
traded to other groups, promoting the continuous diffusion of iron.
• No standardized manufacturing, small scale
• No real iron age, only iron-utilizing societies beginning ca.
370 B.C

Dizon, Eusebio Zamora, "An Iron Age in the Philippines? A critical examination" (1988). Dissertations available from ProQuest. AAI8816166.
https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8816166
13
 1c. Chalcolithic Age/Metal Age
500 BC-AD 1000
“In the northern Philippines a suggestion of what could be the oldest sign of metal in this
country appeared in the Musang Cave in Cagayan. This was a brass needle tenuously dated
about 2000
B.C. In Palawan bronze tools, glass beads and bracelets and gold beads were dug up in
the Duyong, Uyaw and Guri Caves. Duyong Cave is dated between 300 to 500 B.C.
while Guri is between 100 to 200 years B.C. Uyaw Cave contained jar burials with
bronze adzes and spears, and was as old as the Duyong Cave. By this time the use of
metals is already widespread in the old world and mainland of Asia. But its first appearance in
these islands marked the beginning of a new set of changes that again altered the lifeways of
the people and made the pace of life much faster than the previous ones.”

14
Chalcolithic Age/Metal Age
• gold, bronze, brass and copper in the form of
ornamental beads, and tools like adzes and
spearheads
• bronze appeared only very briefly so that unlike other
places of the world, there is no period in this country
that can be said to be “Bronze Age
• inhabitants of the archipelago learned to weave cotton,
make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike
fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain
regions.
• They also learned to build boats for trading purposes.
• Spanish chronicles noted refined plank-built warships
called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids.
Illustration of boats used for trading in
the metal age

15
 Evidence of a metal age in Southern
Mindanao
“The archaeological excavations [in Sagel Cave,
Read more from “Archaeological
located within Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Investigation of Sagel Cave
Sarangani Province] revealed a Metal Age (ca. at Maitum, Sarangani Province,
Southern Mindanao, Philippines”.
500 BC – 500 AD) non-anthropomorphic jar
burial of an adult, possibly male, associated with
an iron knife and a bead made from fossilised
shell. This Sagel Cave jar burial enhances the
already rich prehistoric jar burial tradition of
Southern Mindanao and raises further questions
on the development of the jar burial traditions of
Island Southeast Asia and the likely existence of
complex Metal Age communities in Southern
Mindanao.
Cuevasand de Leon (undated) Hukay Volume 13, pp. 1- Opening of Sagel Cave, heavily guarded
24
16
 Iron knife found in Sagal Cave
Pendant made of fossilized shell ;found in Sagal
Cave
Cuevasand de Leon (undated) Hukay Volume 13, pp. 1-
24
17
Watch this video to
learn about burial
jars of Maitum,
Sarangani , dated
5BC (metal age)
Or paste this link in a browser.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ib766aOXf8s&ab_channel=AshurbanipalI
I

18
1d. 10th Century AD to Spanish Times
• Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those
from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese record containing
several references to the Philippines.
• These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the
Philippines, China and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to
the 15th century A.D.
• The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls,
coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for
porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and
tin.
• By this time, early Filipinos had a system of governance (‘balangay’ = gave
birth to barangay) and paganistic beliefs and practices

19
Before the Spaniards

•Filipinos were already engaged in activities and practices

related to science forming primitive or first wave
technology. They were knowledgeable on the curative
values of some plants and how to extract medicine from
herbs. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a
method of counting and weights and measure. They had
no calendar but counted the years by the period of the
moon and from one harvest to another.

20
 1e. Spanish Regime

•The later part of the 16th century c

was marked by the establishment of
schools

(a) Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu- a

1595
(b) Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-
1595
(c) Colegio De Nuestra Senora del
Rosario-Manila-1597
(d)Colegio De San Jose-Manila-
1601
d
b
21
Spanish Regime

Development of Hospitals

• San Juan Lazaro Hospital the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578.
•17th and 18th Century: successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the
galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic depression in
Manila during the later part of the 17th century.

22
Spanish Regime
The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de
Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco y Vargas in 1780
encouraged research in agriculture and industry.

The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk

industry.

In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of

increase in export of rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo, and imports
of manufacturing goods.

23
Spanish Regime
The 19th Century

In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system.

In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had
granted the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.

• Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila (1887) created by decree. Main

functions :
to conduct biochemical analyses for public health
to undertake specimen examinations for clinical and medico-legal
cases.
• publication = Cronica de Ciencias Medicas de Filipinas showing scientific studies being done
during that time
24
Spanish Regime

• The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master’s degree was granted

Bachelor’s degree in pharmacy to its 1st six graduates who included
Leon Ma. Guerrero, considered as the father of Philippine Pharmacy due
to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines.

• There were no schools for engineering but UST offered a nautical four
year course for pilot of merchant marine that included the subjects:
Arithmetic , Algebra , Geometry, Trigonometry, Physics, Hydrography,
Meteorology, Navigation, Pilotage

25
 Spanish Regime
• Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as
encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus
only few daring students were able to undertake higher
studies. Transportation
• The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part system
of the 19th century led to the rapid development of
Manila as a cosmopolitan center.

Modern amenities such as steam tramways,

waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking
system were introduced in 19th century.
• Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding Manila
observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila
in 1865. Transportation
= system 26
 Incorporation of S ernance in the
1f. American Period

• Bureau of Science (American period) which created the Philippine S&T

focused on agriculture, health and food processing. Thus, because of
the colonial economic policy, the development of industrial technology was largely
neglected.

• Bureau became training ground for Filipino scientists with the

creation of the University of the Philippines (UP) and the various S&T-
related agencies and laboratories.

27
 Declaration of Ind n 1946

• Bureau was reorganized into the Institute of Science and was put
under the Office of the President of the Philippines.

“The Institute suffered from lack of support, planning and coordination. In fact, the
Bell Mission’s Recommendation mentioned that the Institute had no capability to
support S&T development for lack of basic information, neglect of experimentation,
and small budget for R&D activities. “

“Most areas of research were left to the researchers to define under the assumption that they
were attuned to the interests of the country. They were expected to look for technologies and
scientific breakthroughs with good commercialization potential. Without clear research directions,
researches were done for their own sake, leaving to chance the commercialization of the output.
“
28
 80’s and
Establishment 90’s
of NSTA
• reorganization and creation of the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) in
1982.
• need for an effective and efficient utilization of the results of R&D activities through greater
commercialization of outputs.
• creation of the S&T Council System, which became responsible for the sectoral formulation of
policy and strategies for its specific field and allocation of funds.
• four councils under the system: PCHRD, PCIERD, PCARRD and NRCP
• Later, the NRCP was replaced by PCAMRD and PCASTRD.
• The NSTA, for its part, had eight research and development institutes and support agencies under
it.
• In the mid-1980s, regional offices for S&T promotion and extension were established to
further hasten the development of S&T.
Read more at: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf

29
Councils formed under NSTA

30
 After the M 1980s
1g. Birth of DOST
After the EDSA Revolution in 1986, the NSTA
continue providing central direction, leadership and
was reorganized into what is now called the
coordination of S&T efforts and formulation and
Department of Science and Technology
implementation of policies, plans, programs and
(DOST) (EO No. 128) headed by Cabinet
projects for S&T development.
Secretary

Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI) was created to serve as the
implementing arm of the DOST in pushing for the commercialization of technologies and
marketing

Science Education Institute (SEI) was created to undertake and formulate plans for the
development of S&T education and training in the country.

Science and Technology Information Institute (STII) was established to serve as the
information arm of the Department through the development and maintenance of
anTSshi&mTodduatelabisaht nekpraonpedytrinoffoLrymnnatEioR. nanollest,works. 31
Other services of DOST
• upgrading of testing
• Standardization and quality control services
• various forms of technical assistance and consulting services.
• assistance to investors (patenting assistance for inventions with commercial potentials;
availment of financing for commercially viable inventions; marketing assistance; support
to pilot plant operations for selected top-priority technologies for commercialization; and
support to the upgrading of inventions, expertise and capabilities.)
• Increased contract researches to foster the collaboration among the institutes, the
private sector and the academe.
• funding assistance to technology developers and acceptors through tie-ups with financing
institutions (DBP, Technology Livelihood Resource Center, LandBank, and
Private Development Corporation of the Philippines.

32
Other services of DOST
• Incentive system (e.g. Omnibus Investment Law for the conduct of certain R&D and
S&T activities in the private sector.
• Science parks
• S&T development plan in 1989 which led to the identification of the leading edges:
1) aquaculture and (2) marine fisheries, (3) forestry and (4) natural resources, (5) process
industry, (6) food and (7) feed industry, (8) energy, (9) transportation, (10) construction
industry, (11) information technology, (12) electronics, (13) instrumentation and control, (14)
emerging technologies, and (15) pharmaceuticals.

33
Strategies to Achieve the 15 Leading Edges

34
Ramos
Administration
• DOST initiated a Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND
Philippines 2000),
• Technology development plan in the medium term for the period 1993-1998.
• The STAND identified seven export winners, 11 domestic needs, three other supporting
industries, and coconut industry as priority investment areas.
• Export winners were computer software; fashion accessories; gifts, toys, and houseware;
marine products; metals fabrications; furniture; and dried fruits.
• domestic needs included food, housing, health, clothing, transportation, communication, disaster
mitigation, defense, environment, manpower development and energy.
• Three additional support industries were included in the list of priority sectors, namely,
packaging, chemicals and metals. L
• strategic importance = the coconut industry was included in the list.

35
Read more at: http://dost.gov.ph/10-transparency/about-dost/9-the-dost-in-brief.html
36
37
 1. Formulate and adopt a comprehensive National Science and Technology Plan, and
monitor and coordinate its funding and implementation;
2. Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake scientific and technological researc
h and development in areas identified as v ita l to the country' s development;
3. Promote the development of indigenous technology and the adaptation and
innovation of suitable imported technology, and in this regard, undertake
technology development up to commercial stage;
4. Undertake design and engineering works to co mple ment research and

Functions
development functions;

5. Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake the transfer of the results of

of DOST scientific and technological research and development to their end-users;

6. Promote, assist and, where appropriate, undertake the technological

services needed by agriculture, industry, transport, and the general public;

7. Develop and maintain an information system and databank on science and

technology;
8.
Develop and implement programs for strengthening scientific and technological capabilities
through manpower training, infrastructure and institution-building;

9. Promote public consciousness in science and technology; and

10. Undertake policy research, technology assessment, feasibility and technical
38
 2. Science and
Technology, and the
Innovation Process
39
2a. Science and Technology defined

Science fundamentally is the

systematic study of the structure and
behavior of the natural and physical
world through observations and
experiments.
Scientific activity centers on research, the end result of which is the discovery or production of new
knowledge. This new knowledge may or may not have any direct or immediate application.

40
Science and Technology defined

“ is the collection of techniques,

methods or processes used in the production of
goods or services or in the accomplishment of
objectives, such as scientific investigation, or any
other consumer demands.”
Technology outcome is more concrete than science, i.e. the production
of "a thing, a chemical, a process, something to be bought and sold”.

41
Something to Ponder on:

Dr. Allan Soriano, OYM, Mapua University

Technology MUST have an intended purpose or use in a commercial scale.

42
2b. Technology Innovation Process

“Technological innovation and economic growth are

mutually reinforcing ..That is, higher rate of growth
tends to generate productivity improvement through
technology innovation through research and
development, and vice versa.“
Cororaton, 2003

43
 Technology Innovation Process
“Generally, technological innovation involves two major parts—research and innovation.
The innovation part consists of two phases. In the first part, the introduction of new technology leads to
new products and reduces the cost of production. These new products have better quality than
before. Because of the reduction in cost per unit, for the same total cost of production, the quantity of
output that could be produced would increase. Better quality products and greater volume of production
result in mass production that could attract entrepreneurs to increase their marketing effort and
could further reduce cost because of economies of scale. Mass production and lower cost could result
in mass consumption. These whole set of activities could lead to improved income for the general
public. Increased income could lead to changes in taste, which in turn could result in higher demand
for more quality products. This impulse could trigger pressure to improve the existing
technology. Thus, the entire process repeats itself and continues in this cycle
Cororaton, 2003
toward economic prosperity.” (see Figure in next page)

Read more at: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf

44
Technology Innovation Process
1st Phase of Innovation “The process of technological
Research Phase
innovation referred to in the Figure
Mass Consumption
was conceptualized by Yamada
New Products
Qualitative
Change in (1964) ….As shown in the figure, it
New
Technology
Demand
Mass
Cost
Depreciation
is a dynamic process of
(inv entions)

Cost Depreciation Quantitative

Production
progressive technological
Change in
Demand
Entrepreneurship
advances and economic growth,
each one reinforcing the other.
Increase in General Income Level
The process continues in a
sustained manner, and in each
Demand for Quality Products
round growth improves.”
Upgrading of Technology

Read more at:

1 st Phase of https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATION
Innovation (Impact of S/pidsbk03-ppstechnology.pdf
Innovation)

45
The Philippine Inclusive Filipinnovation and
Entrepreneurship Roadmap:

Study the pdf copy of the roadmap. Your instructor will

provide you a copy. Ponder on these questions:

1. What is the rationale behind the creation of innovation centers

in the country?
2.How can the university (academe) position itself in the
innovation ecosystem ?
3.What can be done to create a strong innovation ecosystem in the
country?
46
2c. How Science Contributes to
Technology
• new knowledge (ideas for new technological
possibilities;)
• source of tools and techniques (efficient
engineering design and a knowledge base for
evaluation of feasibility of designs);
• research instrumentation, laboratory
techniques and analytical research
methods for design or industrial practices, often
through intermediate disciplines;
Brooks 1994

THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E. RALLOS,

47
SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
How Science Contributes to Technology
practice of research for development and
assimilation of new human skills and capabilities;
creation of a knowledge base for assessment
of technology in terms of its wider social and
environmental impacts
knowledge base that enables more efficient
strategies of applied research, development, and
refinement of new technologies.

Brooks 1994

THIS MODULE IS THE PROPERTY OF LYNN E. RALLOS,

48
SCIENCE DEPT, MSU-GSC
Questions?
 3. Global
Competitiveness
Ranking in 2019
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 50
MSU-GSC
The state of science and
technology determines the socio-
economic progress of a country.

The Global Competitiveness Index is the accepted

tool for evaluating a country's potential for growth.
By comparing most of the world's countries, it
provides insight into the comparative advantages of
each.

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 51

MSU-GSC
What is economic competitiveness?

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 52

MSU-GSC
 World Economic Forum’s
Enabling
Global Competitiveness environment
Ranking

WEF’s Global Competitiveness Index forms the Human

basis of the report. Capital

tThe latest edition covered 141 economies,

accounting for over 98% of the world’s GDP. is
measured based on 12 pillars under four Markets
major factors:
Innovation
Ecosystem
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 53
MSU-GSC
Each indicator, using a scale from 0 to 100, shows how close an economy is to the ideal state or “frontier” of
competitiveness. The pillars are shown above.
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 54
MSU-GSC
WES released a global competitiveness report in 2019. The
global findings are:
Enhancing competitiveness is still key for improving living standards

BUT the world is not on track to meet most of the 17

United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by the Read more at:
deadline of 2030. On Goal 8 (Decent Work and http://www3.weforum.
Economic Growth), LDCs have consistently missed the org/docs/WEF_TheGlo
tar get of 7 % gr owth since 2015. ( average balCompetitivenessRe
GCIndex of 60% across 141 economies) port2019.pdf

As of 2015, 46% of the world’s population struggled to

meet basic needs…
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 55
MSU-GSC
How to read the WES report charts

The bar chart in the next slide/page presents an economy’s score on the
overall GCI and on each of its twelve pillars. The economy’s rank (out of
141 economies) on each pillar is displayed at the bottom of the chart. At the
top of the chart, the three-letter code (ISO-3) of the best performer is
displayed (note that there are 33 best performers on the Macro-economic
stability pillar and four best performers on the Health pillar). To the right of
each bar the performance of relevant benchmarks is displayed: the economy’s
score in the 2018 edition (diamond); the average score of the economy’s
income group, based on the World Bank’s classification (triangle); and the
average score of the region to which the economy belongs (square).

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 56

MSU-GSC
The Philippines 2019 Philippines: 64th/141
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 57
GCI MSU-GSC
The Philippines 2019 WES
Report

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 58

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
 • Snapshots
Best
Philippines Value Score Rank/14 Performer
1

* Scores are on a 0 to 100 scale, where 100 represents the optimal situation or 'frontier'. Arrows indicate the
direction of the change in score from the previous edition, if available.
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 59
Science Dept, MSU-GSC
 • Snapshots
Best
Philippines Value Score Rank/14
1
Performer

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 60

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
 • Snapshots
Best
Philippines Value Score Rank/14
1
Performer

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 61

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
Snapshots
Best
Philippines Value Score Rank/14
1
Performer

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 62

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
4. National S&T
Vision and Goals
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, Science Dept, 85
MSU-GSC
 VISION for Philippine
S&T
, Science and Technology shall have contributed significantly
to the enhancement of national productivity and competitiveness
and to the solution of pressing national problems.
, the Philippines shall have carved some
niches and become world-class

, the Philippines shall have

developed a wide range of globally
competitive products and services which
have high technology content.
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 64
Science Dept, MSU-GSC
Goals for Philippine S&T by 2004

Higher productivity &

Improved Access to competitiveness for
Quality S&T services selected PH products
& industries

Enhanced S&T
Technology based
awareness and support
enterprises shall have
among leaders &
emerged in the country
policymakers
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 65
Science Dept, MSU-GSC
Goals for Philippine S&T by 2010

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 66

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
 DOST Goals for
Philippine S&T by
2020

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 67

Science Dept, MSU-GSC
 STRATEGIES for 2020
GOALS

Provision of
Development of Accelerating
support to
HR industry (SMEs)
Technology

Strengthening of
Upgrading of Improvement of S&T
government, industry&
Infrastructure governance
society
This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 68
Science Dept, MSU-GSC
Read more on Filipino innovations in the report of DOST Secretary Renato dela Pena. The
article is uploaded in your course site. Or you can request a pdf copy from your instructor via
email.

This module is the property of Lynn E. Rallos, 69

Science Dept, MSU-GSC