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    Perception

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    Shashank Bhardwaj
    This document discusses organizational behavior and perception. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to understand their environment. The key aspects of perception discussed include the perceptual process, factors that influence perception like attitudes and expectations, and shortcuts used in person perception like halo effects and stereotyping. It also examines theories of attribution regarding how people explain the behavior of others, and the principles of perceptual organization, including figure-ground relationships, and grouping stimuli together based on continuity, similarity, proximity and closure.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Perception

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Bhardwaj
    64 views39 pages
    This document discusses organizational behavior and perception. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to understand their environment. The key aspects of perception discussed include the perceptual process, factors that influence perception like attitudes and expectations, and shortcuts used in person perception like halo effects and stereotyping. It also examines theories of attribution regarding how people explain the behavior of others, and the principles of perceptual organization, including figure-ground relationships, and grouping stimuli together based on continuity, similarity, proximity and closure.

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    Perception (1)

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    This document discusses organizational behavior and perception. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to understand their environment. The key aspects of perception discussed include the perceptual process, factors that influence perception like attitudes and expectations, and shortcuts used in person perception like halo effects and stereotyping. It also examines theories of attribution regarding how people explain the behavior of others, and the principles of perceptual organization, including figure-ground relationships, and grouping stimuli together based on continuity, similarity, proximity and closure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    64 views39 pages

    Perception

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Bhardwaj
    This document discusses organizational behavior and perception. It defines perception as how individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions to understand their environment. The key aspects of perception discussed include the perceptual process, factors that influence perception like attitudes and expectations, and shortcuts used in person perception like halo effects and stereotyping. It also examines theories of attribution regarding how people explain the behavior of others, and the principles of perceptual organization, including figure-ground relationships, and grouping stimuli together based on continuity, similarity, proximity and closure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Organizational Behavior / Perception

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.

    Definition
    Perception may be defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
    St. P. Robbins

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    Perception can be defined as the process of receiving, selecting, organizing, interpreting, checking and reacting to sensory stimuli or data
    Udai Pareek

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    PROCESS OF PERCEPTION
    Characteristics of stimuli or input

    Perceptual inputs -Objects -Event -People

    Perceptual mechanism Selection Interpretation

    Organisation

    Perceptual output -Attitude -Opinion -Values.

    Behaviour

    Characteristics of the situation

    Characteristics of the perceiver

    Perceptual Process Receiving Stimuli (External & Internal)

    Selecting Stimuli External factors : Nature,


    Location,Size,contrast, Movement,repetition,similarity Internal factors : Learning, needs,age,Interest,

    Interpreting Attribution ,Stereotyping, Halo Effect, Projection

    Organizing Figure Background , Perceptual Grouping ( similarity, proximity, closure, continuity)

    Response Covert: Attitudes , Motivation, Feeling Overt: Behavior


    Organizational Behavior / Perception 16

    Factors influencing perception


    A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made.

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    Factors influencing Perception


    Factors in the perceiver Attitudes Motives Interests Experience Expectations

    Factors in the situation Time Work Setting Social Setting

    Perception

    Factors in the Target Novelty Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity
    Organizational Behavior / Perception 18

    Perceptual organization
    It is the process by which we group outside stimuli into recognizable and identifiable patterns and whole objects.

    Certain factors are considered to be important contributors on assembling, organizing and categorizing information in the human brain. These are Figure ground Perceptual grouping

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    Figure-Ground Illustration
    Field-ground differentiation

    The tendency to distinguish and focus on a stimulus that is classified as figure as opposed to background.

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    PERCEPTUAL GROUPING
    Our tendency to group several individual stimuli into a meaningful and recognizable pattern. It is very basic in nature and largely it seems to be inborn. Some factors underlying grouping are -continuity -closure -proximity -similarity
    Organizational Behavior / Perception 21

    Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    Attribution Theory
    When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.

    observation

    Interpretation
    H Distictinctiveness L H

    Attribution of cause
    External Internal External Internal

    Individual behavior

    Consensus L

    H Consistency
    Organizational Behavior / Perception

    Internal External
    23

    H high

    L- Low

    Distictiveness Does this person behave in this manner in other situation

    Consensus Do other person Behave in the Same manner?

    Consistency Does this person behave in this same manner at other times ?

    YES Low Distinctiveness NO High Distinctiveness

    No Low Consensus Yes High Consensus


    Organizational Behavior / Perception

    Yes High Consistency No Low Consistency

    Internal Attribution
    External Attributi on

    24

    Shortcuts in judging others


    Selective Perception : People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, background, experience and attitudes. Halo Effect : Drawing a general impressions about an individual on the basis of a single charecteristics.

    Organizational Behavior / Perception

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    Contrast Effect : Evaluation of a persons characteristics that are effected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or

    lower on the same characteristics.


    Projection : Attributing one's own characteristics to other people. Stereotyping : Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that persons belongs.
    Organizational Behavior / Perception 26

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    Perceptual ambiguity Word Color Test In this test DO NOT READ the words, say aloud the COLOR of each word.

    Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) 2010

    YELLOW BLUE ORANGE BLACK RED GREEN PURPLE YELLOW RED ORANGE GREEN BLACK BLUE RED PURPLE GREEN BLUE ORANGE
    Organizational Behavior 38

    38

    Continuity Similarity Proximity

    Closure
    Perception PPT for PGDM( RM) 2010 Organizational Behavior 39

    Symmetry
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