Class Prayer

 Our loving and generous God, we praise and thank

You for the bountiful blessings You have given us.
Thank You for giving us a mind that can know and a
heart that can love. Thank You for giving us the
chance to continue learning amidst the pandemic
that had cause a lot of changes in our lives. We are
sorry for the times we have failed You. We humbly
ask for Your forgiveness. Father, help us stay
focused on our studies. When learning becomes
difficult, grant us the gifts of courage and
enthusiasm. Grant us the grace to use our knowledge
in making a difference into the lives of the people
around us. All this we pray in Your mighty name.
AMEN.
 PUBLIC
SPEAKING
What is Public Speaking?
Public speaking (also
called oratory or oration) is giving
speech face to face to live audience.
However, due to the evolution of
public speaking, it is modernly
viewed as any form of speaking
(formally and informally) between an
audience and the speaker.
What is Public Speaking?
Traditionally, public speaking was
considered to be a part of the art of 
persuasion. The act can accomplish
particular purposes including to
inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
Additionally, differing methods,
structures, and rules can be utilized
according to the speaking situation.
 Structuring the Speech
Organizing speeches serves two important functions. First,
organization helps improve clarity of thought in a systematic way.
Second, organization increases the likelihood that the speech will
be effective.
Audiences are unlikely to understand disorganized speeches and
even less likely to think that disorganized speakers are reliable or
credible. Speeches are organized into three main parts:
introduction, body, and conclusion.
 Parts of a Speech
Introduction
 The introduction of the speech establishes the first, crucial contact between
the speaker and the audience. The introduction needs to accomplish three
things:
1. Focus your audience's attention. Speakers must have an “attention grabber”
to interest the audience—a joke, astonishing fact, or anecdote. The
introduction is the place where the main claim or idea should be stated very
clearly to give the audience a sense of the purpose of the speech. Speakers
need to orient the audience and make connections between what they know or
are already interested in and the speech topic.
 Parts of a Speech
Introduction
2. Establish goodwill and credibility. Many people believe the most important
part of persuasion was ethos, or the character the speaker exhibited to the
audience. The audience needs to see the speaker as someone to listen to
attentively and sympathetically. Ethos is generated by both delivery style and
content of the speech. Making eye contact with the audience and displaying
confidence in voice and body are two important ways to establish ethos. In
addition, if you express ideas that are original and intelligent, you will show
what “intellectual character.” Audiences pay attention to habits of thought that
are interesting and worth listening to.
 Parts of a Speech
Introduction
3. Give a preview. Mentioning the main points to be covered in the body
prepares the audience to listen for them. Repetition is an important aspect of
public speaking, for listening is an imperfect art, and audience members
nearly always tune out in parts--sometimes to think about previous parts of
the speech, sometimes for other reasons. The preview should end with a
transition, a brief phrase or a pause to signal to the audience that the speech is
moving out of the introduction and into the body.
 Parts of a Speech
Body
In the body, the fewer the main points the better. For short classroom
speeches, under 10 minutes, speeches should not have more than three main
points. For longer speeches, more than five main points ensures that audiences
will have trouble following and remembering the speech. In the speech, main
points should be clearly stated and "signposted," marked off as distinct and
important to the audience. Transitions often serve to signpost new points, as
do pauses before an important idea. Additionally, speakers might number main
points—first, second, third or first, next, finally. Always make it easy for the
audience to recognize and follow key ideas.
 Parts of a Speech
Body
There are several common modes of organizing the information in the body
of your speech:
 Temporal organization 
 Cause-effect
 Spatial patterns
 Topical designs 
 Compare/contrast
 Parts of a Speech
Conclusion
Following a transition from the body of the speech, the conclusion follows.
The conclusion should be somewhat shorter than the introduction and
accomplishes two purposes: summarize main ideas and give the speech a
sense of closure and completion. Good conclusions might refer to the
introduction, offer an analogy or metaphor that captures the main idea, or
leave the audience with a question or a challenge of some type. Brief
quotations can also make effective conclusions (just as they can make
effective openings for introductions).
 General Purpose of Delivering a Speech
To Inform
• The first general purpose that some people have for giving speeches is to inform.
Simply put, this is about helping audience members acquire information that they do not
already possess. Audience members can then use this information to understand
something (e.g., speech on a new technology, speech on a new virus) or to perform a
new task or improve their skills (e.g., how to swing a golf club, how to assemble a layer
cake). The most important characteristic of informative topics is that the goal is to gain
knowledge. Notice that the goal is not to encourage people to use that knowledge in any
specific way. When a speaker starts encouraging people to use knowledge in a specific
way, he or she is no longer informing but is persuading.
Example:

• Let’s say you are assigned to inform an audience about a new

vaccination program. In an informative speech, the purpose of the
speech is to explain to your audience what the program is and how it
works. If, however, you start encouraging your audience to participate
in the vaccination program, you are no longer informing them about
the program but rather persuading them to become involved in the
program. 
 General Purpose of Delivering a Speech
To Persuade
• The second general purpose people can have for speaking is to persuade.
When we speak to persuade, we attempt to get listeners to embrace a point
of view or to adopt a behavior that they would not have done otherwise. A
persuasive speech can be distinguished from an informative speech by the
fact that it includes a call for action for the audience to make some change
in their behavior or thinking.
Example:

• You may decide to give a speech on the importance of practicing good

oral hygiene because you truly believe that oral hygiene is important
and that bad oral hygiene can lead to a range of physical, social, and
psychological problems.
Example:

• Suppose a physician who also owns a large amount of stock in a

pharmaceutical company is asked to speak before a group of other
physicians about a specific disease. Instead of informing the group
about the disease, the doctor spends the bulk of his time attempting to
persuade the audience that the drug his company manufactures is the
best treatment for that specific disease.
 General Purpose of Delivering a Speech
• To Entertain
The final general purpose people can have for public speaking is to entertain.
Whereas informative and persuasive speech making is focused on the end
result of the speech process, entertainment speaking is focused on the theme
and occasion of the speech. An entertaining speech can be either informative
or persuasive at its root, but the context or theme of the speech requires
speakers to think about the speech primarily in terms of audience enjoyment.
 Four Methods of Speech Delivery
Impromptu Speaking
Extemporaneous Speaking
Manuscript Speaking
Memorized Speaking
 Impromptu Speech
 An impromptu speech is given with little or no preparation, yet
almost always with some advance knowledge on the topic.
 Impromptu Speech is “made on the spot.” It is unprepared and
unrehearsed. Often ceremonial toasts, grace before meals, an
acknowledgement, an introduction, offering thanks and so on, fall
into this category. Generally, it is short and are often given with
little or no notice.
 Impromptu Speech
 Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without
advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is
asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion. You have
probably done impromptu speaking many times in informal, conversational
settings. Self-introductions in group settings are examples of impromptu
speaking: “Hi, my name is Steve, and I’m a volunteer with the Homes for
the Brave program.” Another example of impromptu speaking occurs when
you answer a question such as, “What did you think of the documentary?”
 Impromptu Speech
• Advantages
 Remember that you are generally in control of the content you are
presenting, so you can include topics that you want to talk about.
Additionally, you can use personal examples from experience to support
what you are saying. Since you are an authority on the topic, you want to
speak with conviction like you really mean it. Your delivery will naturally
be more conversational and spontaneous. Since you are not prepared with
pages of notes, you are more likely to speak directly to the audience just
like if you were speaking to another person in a conversation.
 Impromptu Speech
Disadvantages
Since you are not well-prepared, you may have difficulty thinking of what
to say or formulating the ideas once you get up to speak. Although you are
familiar with the topic, your speech may lack details and supporting
information. If the audience is passive and does not ask questions to guide
you, you may overlook some significant content. Hopefully, someone in the
audience will ask questions so you can fill in gaps. Additionally, impromptu
speaking is rarely appropriate for occasions which require more reasoned
discourse with supporting ideas or more formal events.
 Elements of a Good Speech
1. Sound Conversational
• In order to be believable and to win the attention of your audience, it is
important to speak in a conversational style.
2. Project Your Voice
• Attempt to project your voice and sustain this projection throughout your
presentation. The voice is produced by the control of breath from the
diaphragm. This breath allows the voice volume and the ability to carry in a
large room. Resist the temptation to sink into a low tone. Projecting your voice
gives force to your speech, shows your personality and makes you appear
more confident.
 Elements of a Good Speech
3. Make Eye Contact
• The most effective way to connect with people you’re talking to is at first to
make eye contact with them. A good technique is to focus eyes on the left of
the room (left focus), then right of the room (right focus) and then to the
middle of the room (center focus). The important points are the beginning
and end of the speech are usually center focus. Eye contact says you are
confident, you know what you are talking about, you are aiming to connect
and engage with audience.
 Elements of a Good Speech
4. Pace Yourself
• Try not to speak too fast or too slow. For naturally fast speakers,
slow down and ensure that the audience hears and understand
what you are saying. Show your personality; be animated and the
audience will become engaged with you as well.
 Elements of a Good Speech
5. Gesticulate
• It is important to use your hands. With a podium, some people simply hang
on to it and forget to use their hands. To gesticulate offers naturalness; it
makes you seem more comfortable, and you will appear more confident to
your audience. Resist the urge to hug the podium.
6. Have Good Posture
• Posture and body language are essential to good speech delivery. Stand
straight. Try not to slouch, or to dance. Aim for an erect, confident posture.
 Elements of a Good Speech
7. Be Confident
• Confidence is the core element of effective speech delivery. If you are not
naturally confident, pretend that you are. The more you project, exhibit a
confident air, the more it will become like second nature to you.
8. Speak passionately
• Be excited about your topic; show your enthusiasm, Do not be afraid to
laugh, smile, become animated while delivering your speech.
 Individual Performance Task:
Prepare and deliver an impromptu speech on any of the given topics/questions.
Apply the techniques that you’ve learned.

1. Do you think self-love should be given more priority than any other form of love?
2. The media controls how and what we think.
3. Why is there a stigma around mental health? What should be done to spread
awareness?
4. Why should one not be indecisive in life?
5. Is it true that if a person masters one skill, he is capable of mastering every other
skill?
Individual Performance Task:
6. Why is it essential to obtain physio-mental stability for everyone?
7. Is it ideal to follow your passion even after knowing the rapid changes
happening in the world?
8. What is the most significant thing in life to succeed: persistence or hard
work?
9. Should one always go with the flow in life?
10. Which do you prefer online learning or face to face learning?

• Source:https://franticallyspeaking.com/deliver-an-impromptu-speech/
References:
• https://lumen.instructure.com/courses/218897/pages/linkedtext54267?module_it
em_id=5007135
• https://open.lib.umn.edu/publicspeaking/chapter/14-1-four-methods-of-delivery/
• https://open.lib.umn.edu/publicspeaking/chapter/6-1-general-purposes-of-speaki
ng/
• [Eng Sub]Darren Tay_Toastmasters 2016 World Champion of Public
Speaking_"Outsmart, Outlast” – YouTube

• Top 5 Skills To Take Your Public Speaking To The Next Level - YouTube
“Develop a passion for learning. If you do,
you will never cease to grow.”
~ Anthony J. D’Angelo~