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    Biological Oxidation

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    Nischal Dh
    Biological oxidation is the reaction that occurs in living cells to produce energy. It involves the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another, resulting in one reactant being oxidized by losing electrons and the other being reduced by gaining electrons. These redox reactions utilize multiple steps to synthesize ATP and are catalyzed by oxidoreductase enzymes. The main types of oxidoreductase enzymes are oxidases, dehydrogenases, hydroperoxidases, and oxygenases.

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    Biological Oxidation

    Uploaded by

    Nischal Dh
    47 views6 pages
    Biological oxidation is the reaction that occurs in living cells to produce energy. It involves the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another, resulting in one reactant being oxidized by losing electrons and the other being reduced by gaining electrons. These redox reactions utilize multiple steps to synthesize ATP and are catalyzed by oxidoreductase enzymes. The main types of oxidoreductase enzymes are oxidases, dehydrogenases, hydroperoxidases, and oxygenases.

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    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

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    Biological oxidation is the reaction that occurs in living cells to produce energy. It involves the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another, resulting in one reactant being oxidized by losing electrons and the other being reduced by gaining electrons. These redox reactions utilize multiple steps to synthesize ATP and are catalyzed by oxidoreductase enzymes. The main types of oxidoreductase enzymes are oxidases, dehydrogenases, hydroperoxidases, and oxygenases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views6 pages

    Biological Oxidation

    Uploaded by

    Nischal Dh
    Biological oxidation is the reaction that occurs in living cells to produce energy. It involves the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another, resulting in one reactant being oxidized by losing electrons and the other being reduced by gaining electrons. These redox reactions utilize multiple steps to synthesize ATP and are catalyzed by oxidoreductase enzymes. The main types of oxidoreductase enzymes are oxidases, dehydrogenases, hydroperoxidases, and oxygenases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION

    Oxidation:
    • Transfer of electron (negative charge) from one compound to other.

    • All biological reactions involve electron flow. Here, one reactant is oxidized (loses electron) and
    the other is reduced (gains electron).

    • This couple of reaction that deal with the loss and gain of electron are called REDOX reactions.

    Biological oxidation :
    • It is the reaction in the living cells that is meant for the purpose of energy production. It comes
    coupled with reduction reaction.

    • It utilizes multiple steps to synthesize ATP.

    • Also known as Biological oxidation-reduction reaction OR Redox reaction.


    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
    Enzymes :

    • Enzymes in redox reactions are known as oxidoreductases.

    • They are classified into 4 groups


    • Oxidases
    • Dehydrogenases
    • Hydroperoxidases
    • Oxygenases
    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
    OXIDASES
    • Use oxygen as hydrogen acceptor
    • Removes hydrogen from a substrate and add that hydrogen to a oxygen
    • End product is usually H2O or H2O2
    • Required during aerobic processes
    • eg. Cytochrome oxidase, xanthine oxidase, etc

    DEHYDROGENASES
    • Functional during anaerobic process
    • Does not utilize oxygen as hydrogen acceptor
    • May utilize co-enzymes as hydrogen carriers
    • eg. NAD, FMN, FAD, etc
    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
    HYDROPEROXIDASES
    • Catalyses the reduction of H2O2 to H2O.
    • Play a pivotal role in oxidative stress
    • Contains a heme bound to the protein usually through histidine
    residue (ex. Glutathione peroxidase)
    • Eg. Alkyl hydroperoxidase, prostaglandin hydroperoxidase.

    OXYGENASES
    • Catalyses the addition of oxygen in the molecules without
    energy production.
    • Two types
    • Monooxygenases – inserts one atom of oxygen
    • Dioxygenases - inserts two atoms of oxygen
    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
    Cytochromes
    • Are heme containing redox proteins
    having a central iron atom as its cofactor
    • Classified according to the type of heme
    and its bond
    • Cytochrome a
    • Cytochrome b
    • Cytochrome c
    • Cytochrome d
    BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
    Cytochromes
    • Are mainly seen in mitochondria
    • Are capable of redox reactions with the
    help of iron atom
    • Iron present in heme can stay in ferric
    or ferrous state.
    • These iron atoms can either take up or
    lose electrons and help in electron
    transfer reactions

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