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    Basic Calculus Quarter 3 Week 6: Extreme Value Theorem and Optimization

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    Marjohn Molina
    The document discusses the extreme value theorem and optimization. [1] The extreme value theorem states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval, it must have an absolute maximum and minimum on that interval. [2] An absolute extremum of a function is its highest or lowest value over an interval. [3] To find the absolute extrema of a function over an interval, evaluate the function at the endpoints, find any critical points where the derivative is zero or undefined, and compare all the values.

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    Basic Calculus Quarter 3 Week 6: Extreme Value Theorem and Optimization

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    Marjohn Molina
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    The document discusses the extreme value theorem and optimization. [1] The extreme value theorem states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval, it must have an absolute maximum and minimum on that interval. [2] An absolute extremum of a function is its highest or lowest value over an interval. [3] To find the absolute extrema of a function over an interval, evaluate the function at the endpoints, find any critical points where the derivative is zero or undefined, and compare all the values.

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    The document discusses the extreme value theorem and optimization. [1] The extreme value theorem states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval, it must have an absolute maximum and minimum on that interval. [2] An absolute extremum of a function is its highest or lowest value over an interval. [3] To find the absolute extrema of a function over an interval, evaluate the function at the endpoints, find any critical points where the derivative is zero or undefined, and compare all the values.

    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views9 pages

    Basic Calculus Quarter 3 Week 6: Extreme Value Theorem and Optimization

    Uploaded by

    Marjohn Molina
    The document discusses the extreme value theorem and optimization. [1] The extreme value theorem states that if a function is continuous on a closed interval, it must have an absolute maximum and minimum on that interval. [2] An absolute extremum of a function is its highest or lowest value over an interval. [3] To find the absolute extrema of a function over an interval, evaluate the function at the endpoints, find any critical points where the derivative is zero or undefined, and compare all the values.

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    of 9

    BASIC CALCULUS

    QUARTER 3 WEEK 6

    EXTREME VALUE THEOREM AND OPTIMIZATION


    • The Extreme value theorem states that if a function is continuous on a
    closed interval [a,b], then the function must have a maximum and a
    minimum on the interval. This makes sense: when a function is
    continuous you can draw its graph without lifting the pencil, so you
    must hit a high point and a low point on that interval (Khan, 2021).
    Definition of Absolute Extrema
    Let f be a function defined over an interval I and let c I. We
    say f has an absolute maximum on I at c if f(c)≥f(x) for all x I.
    We say f has an absolute minimum on I at c. If f(c)≤f(x) for all x
    I. If f has an absolute maximum on I at c or an absolute
    minimum on I at c, then f has an absolute extremum on I at c.
    Before proceeding, let’s note two important issues regarding
    this definition. First, the term absolute here does not refer to
    absolute value. An absolute extremum may be positive,
    negative, or zero. Second, if a function f has an absolute
    extremum over an interval I at c, the absolute extremum
    is f(c).
    The real number c is a point in the domain at which the absolute
    extremum occurs (Strang, G. & Herman, E.J. 2019).
    Investigate the following graphs: (Strang, G. & Herman, E.J. 2019).

    f(x) = on (-∞, +∞) f(x) = on (-∞, +∞)


    f(x) = on (-∞, +∞)
    Absolute maximum of 1 Absolute maximum of 1
    No absolute maximum
    at x=0 at x=0, 2, …
    No absolute minimum
    No absolute
    Absolute minimum of
    minimum
    -1 at x=, 3 …
    f(x)=
    f(x) = on [1,4] f(x) = on [0,2)
    Absolute maximum of 2
    Absolute maximum of 4 No absolute maximum
    at x = 0
    at x = 4 Absolute minimum of
    No absolute minimum
    Absolute minimum of 0 0 at x = 0
    at x = 2
    The first three graphs above (a), (b), and (c) show several possibilities for
    absolute extrema for functions with a domain of (−∞,∞). Graphs (d), (e), and (f)
    show several possibilities for absolute extrema for functions with a domain that
    is a bounded interval.

    Ø Investigate the absolute maximum and absolute minimum of the function


    f(x) = −x2+3x−2 on the interval [1,3].

    Step 1. Evaluate f at the endpoints x = 1 and x = 3


    f(1) = -(1)2 + 3(1) -2 = 0 f(3) = -(3)2 + 3(3) – 2 = -2
    f(1)=0 and f(3) = −2
    Step 2. Get the derivative of the function. Since f′(x) = −2x+3, f′ is defined for all real numbers x.
    Therefore, there are no critical points where the derivative is undefined. It remains to check where f′
    (x ) = 0. f′(x) = −2x+3 = 0 at x = is in the interval [1,3], f()  is a candidate for an absolute extremum
    of f over the interval [1,3]. We evaluate f() and find f() = -()2 +3(3/2) – 2 =
    Step 3. We set up the following table to compare the values found in steps 1 and 2.
    x f(x) Conclusion

    0 0

    Absolute Maximum

    3 -2 Absolute Minimum
    Lifted from Basic Calculus Learner’s Material, Department of Education p. 108

    The Extreme Value Theorem


    The theorem we will illustrate says that a function f(x) which is found to be continuous over a
    closed interval [a, b] is guaranteed to have extreme values in that interval.

    An extreme value of f, or extremum, is either a minimum or a maximum value of the function.

    • A minimum value of f occurs at some x = c if


    kulang pa to
    • A maximum value of f occurs at some x = c if

    Ø Investigate the function f(x) = −2x4 + 4x2 over [−1, 1].

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