Mango History & Production

Mango History & Production
History of mango
• The mango is inextricably connected with the folklore and
religious ceremonies of India. Buddha himself was presented
with a mango grove that he might find repose in its grateful
shade. The name mango, by which the fruit is known in English-
and Spanish-speaking countries, is most likely derived from the
Malayam manna, which the Portuguese adopted as manga when
they came to Kerala in 1498 for the spice trade. Probably because
of the difficulty in transporting seeds (they retain their viability a
short time only), the tree was not introduced into the
Western Hemisphere until about 1700, when it was planted in
Brazil; it reached the West Indies about 1740.
History contin.
• Where do mangos come from? Mangos were first grown in India over
5,000 years ago.
• Mango seeds traveled with humans from Asia to the Middle East, East
Africa and South America beginning around 300 or 400 A.D.
• Spanish explorers brought mangos to South America and Mexico in
the 1600’s. The first attempt to introduce the mango into the U.S.
came in 1833 to Florida.
• The species name of the mango is Mangiferi indica, which means “an
Indian plant bearing mangos.”
• It moved to China by the 7th Century; to East Africa around the
10th Century AD; to the Philippines in the beginning of the 15 th Century.
It spread from South and Southeast Asia over the tropical and
subtropical areas of the world from the end of the 15th Century
onward. It reached Africa during the 16th Century; Brazil in the 1700s;
Mexico early in the 19th Century; Jamaica in 1782; Hawaii in 1809 and
America during the second half of the 19th Century. Afterward it began
popping up all over the world. Today, many of the popular varieties of
mango grown around the world are derived from the mango produced
in Florida (USA).
• The major mango growing countries are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Florida and Hawaii of USA, Australia, Brazil,
Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Fiji Islands,
Egypt, Israel, South Africa, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania,
Niger, Nigeria, Zaire, Madagascar, Mauritius, Venezuela, Mexico, West
Indies Islands, Cambodia, etc.
What is a Mango • Mango is the succulent,
aromatic fruit of an evergreen tree and a
member of the cashew family of flowering
plants. • Botanically mango is a drupe,
consisting of an outer skin, edible flesh and a
central stone enclosing a single seed (other
stone fruits: plum, cherry, peach)
The leaves are leathery, lanceolate, and found in simple-
alternate arrangement on the branches. They are dark
green and about 5–16 inches in length.
Flowers are borne in panicles 4–16 inches long and have several
hundred small, white flowers that are 1/4-inch wide when fully
open. Most of the flowers function as male flowers, but some are
bisexual and form fruits after pollination. Pollination takes place
through flies, wasps, bees, and even ants.
• Mango trees: • Grow up to 60 feet tall. • Fruit 4 to 6 years after
planting. • Require tropical growing conditions to produce a good
crop. • Produce mature mangos in about 4 months. • Are harvested
once a year
• Mangoes in Pakistan herald the arrival of summer.
• Widely cultivated in Sindh and Punjab, the aromatic pulpy fruit is easily
one of the most popular seasonal delicacies not just in Asia but also in
the West. Known as the ‘King of Fruits,’ mangoes are one of the major
agricultural exports of Pakistan with high demand all across the world.
• Mango arrives in the market in early May and is generally available till
the end of September. Although this rich and tropical fruit is grown in
over 100 countries, Pakistan remains its fourth-largest producer in the
world. As of right now, the country is producing about 1.8 million tons
of mangoes, of which approximately 6% are exported.
• And let’s not forget, mango is the national fruit of Pakistan.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF MANGOES
• Mangoes don’t just taste good, they are also extremely nutritious.
• Eating mango is really beneficial for health as only one cup of the sliced fruit
contains 1.4 grams of protein and 2.6 grams of dietary fibre. It also contains
copper, folate, potassium, magnesium and manganese along with vitamins
A, B5, B6, C, E and K. Mangoes are also high in antioxidants and packed
with immunity-boosting nutrients.
• Further nutritional benefits of mangoes include protection against macular
degeneration and respiratory diseases. It also lowers the risk of certain
types of cancer and strengthens bone health, according to some research
studies. Eating mangoes is also good for digestion, reduces the risk of
hypertension and works wonders for skin and hair.
• So, even if you aren’t a huge fan of this delicious food, try to incorporate it
in your diet in the form of smoothies or dessert at the very least.
TYPES OF MANGOES IN PAKISTAN
• f you are wondering how many types of mangoes are there, the answer is somewhere around 1500.
However, only about 400 varieties of mangoes are grown locally, out of which only 25 to 30 types
of mangoes are grown on a commercial scale.
• These are some of the most notable and economically important mango varieties in Pakistan that
people all over the world desperately wait each summer for.
• Siroli
• Sindhri
• Gulabkhas
• Swarnarice
• Baganpalli
• Neelum
• Chaunsa
• Malda
• Langra
• Dussehri
• Anwar Ratol
• Samer Bahisht
• Fajri, Neelum
QUALITY OF MANGOES IN PAKISTAN
• The length of mangoes in Pakistan varies between 2 and 10 inches and

they usually weigh from 8 ounces to 24 ounces. Unlike the round, bright
red mangoes available outside Asia, the ones that grow in Pakistan are
bright yellow and shaped like a kidney. However, you can also find oval
and round mangoes.
• The export quality mangoes have relatively lesser fibre and minimal
turpentine taste. This is because high-quality fruits are grown with soft
water and natural fertilizers instead of hard water and chemical fertilizers.
• Appearance-wise, mangoes meant for export are clean and free from any
harvest wounds, bruises, insect damage and fungal infections. Moreover,
they are mostly uniform in size and weight.
• These mangoes are available in domestic markets as well but are
comparatively expensive given their high quality.
MANGO PRODUCTION AREAS IN PAKISTAN
Punjab Multan, Bahawalpur,

Muzaffargarh, Khanewal,
Sahiwal, Sadiqabad, Vehari,
and Rahim Yar Khan.
Sindh Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad
and Thatta.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar
and Mardan.
• When it comes to the cultivation of mangoes in Pakistan, mango
trees cover approximately 105 thousand hectares of agricultural
land in Punjab. Sindh comes in second with about 50 thousand
hectares of land reserved for mango production while
Baluchistan has about 1.4 thousand hectares. Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa has relatively minor acreage with 0.3 thousand
hectares of land, according to a report published by Islamabad
Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
Weather conditions
• Since the weather in Sindh gets warmer a little earlier than it does in
Punjab, the province is known to grow the early varieties of mango.
Meanwhile, Punjab is famous for growing late varieties which extends the
market period of mangoes in Pakistan. The late yield also has a positive
impact on mango export.
• Thanks to their incredible taste and rich aroma, mangoes that are grown in
Pakistan have high demand across the world.
• According to a report published in a local newspaper, the country exported
about 66,000 tons of mangoes in 2017, earning about PKR 5.9 billion. In
2018, the figure rose slightly to 77,000 tons. It is important to mention the
yearly mango export from Pakistan is just a fraction of the total yield.
• This year, the country is hoping to export around 100,000 tons of
mangoes, which will contribute about USD 80 million to the economy.
Identification of chaunsa mango by leaf and
FRUITstructure
• Chaunsa Mango leaves are not wider in width nor longer in

length just like you can see in the pictures. There are different
leaves flushes that appear for a whole year from January to
November. The third leaves flush gives more fruiting.
• Chaunsa mango fruit size varies from medium to large with 1-1.5
kg. Chaunsa mango skin becomes greenish-yellow after
ripening. Chaunsa Mango pulp is juicier and fibreless. It is used
for eating raw as well as for juice-making purposes.
Langra Mango
• Langra mango is a mid-season variety and it is harvested in the

month of July.
• The leaves of langra mango variety seem to be more familiar
with Anwar ratol mango variety. Leaves are narrow and longer
but more attractive than Anwar ratol.
• Langra mango fruit is bigger in size but less attractive at least
after ripening in which langra mango did not completely change
into yellow color but with green color and yellow patches.
Dasehri Mango
• Dasehri mango is also a mid-season variety in Pakistan and

available in the market within July month.
• Dasehri mango leaves are more curly from margins with a sharp
beak. But, the leave are less attractive.
• Dasehri mango is bigger in size more than all above mention
varieties. Just like langra mango, dasehri mango remains
greenish with yellow patches after complete ripening. Dasehri
mango grows in bunch form with terminal bud. Dasehri mango
has less juicy content than all above mango fruits but it is also
preferred due to fibreless characteristics.
Sindhri Mango
• Sindhri mango is early-season variety and it is available from the
month second week of May onwards.
• Sindhri mango variety has a familiar leaf structure just like Anwar
ratol and langra mango. Leaves are less attractive but leave length
is longer without a sharp beak. Leaves are straight and less curvy.
• Sindhri mango fruit is bigger than all above mention mango fruit
varieties. The one thing that is more interesting is the identification
of sindhri mango that its fruit is bigger in size and wider from the
above or distal portion whereas narrowed from the basal portion.
Its pulp is of yellow color and it is juicier and less in fiber and used
for the raw eating purpose as well as for making shake juices.
Post-Harvest Operation of Mangoes:
• a. Sorting, Cleaning and Washing: A preliminary storing of

produce is carried out to remove unmarketable prices and
foreign matter such as plant debris, soil, stone etc. before the
produce is passed on for further Operations. ...
• b. Fungicide Treatment: ...
• c. Size, Grading and Waxing: The fruits so treated are finally
graded according to the size, maturity and quality without any
blemish. ..
•Maturity at harvest
•Importance of maturity at harvest
•Indicators: shape, skin appearance, lenticel appearance, flesh color,
flesh firmness, BRIX
•Harvest, handling and storage
•Area preparation
•Harvesting personnel preparation
•Timing
•Effect of dropping or throwing mangos
•Harvesting tools
•Containers
•Reduction of latex burn
•Transport and storage conditions
•Direct sunlight and soil contact
•Temperature
•Reduction of handling
•Bruising during handling and transport
• Ripening
• Most mangos will ripen within 10 days at room
temperature. Separating unripe mangos from ripe mangos
and other ripe fruits may slow ripening by reducing
exposure to ethylene. Ripening can be monitored through
firmness, BRIX measurement, or flesh color.
• Methods
• Determining mango crop maturity
• Using a penetrometer
• Using a refractometer

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Mango History & Production

• The length of mangoes in Pakistan varies between 2 and 10 inches and

Punjab Multan, Bahawalpur,

• Chaunsa Mango leaves are not wider in width nor longer in

• Langra mango is a mid-season variety and it is harvested in the

• Dasehri mango is also a mid-season variety in Pakistan and

• a. Sorting, Cleaning and Washing: A preliminary storing of

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