The document defines nouns and their classes, and discusses their number, gender, case, and person. It explains countable and uncountable nouns, as well as irregular noun inflections. The properties of nouns - including number, gender, case, and person - are identified and examples are provided.
The document defines nouns and their classes, and discusses their number, gender, case, and person. It explains countable and uncountable nouns, as well as irregular noun inflections. The properties of nouns - including number, gender, case, and person - are identified and examples are provided.
The document defines nouns and their classes, and discusses their number, gender, case, and person. It explains countable and uncountable nouns, as well as irregular noun inflections. The properties of nouns - including number, gender, case, and person - are identified and examples are provided.
The document defines nouns and their classes, and discusses their number, gender, case, and person. It explains countable and uncountable nouns, as well as irregular noun inflections. The properties of nouns - including number, gender, case, and person - are identified and examples are provided.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 69
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Define nouns. 2. Identify the classes of nouns and know its examples. 3. Define inflection and declension. 4. Identify the properties of nouns and know its examples. ANIMAL FEELING Lucila likes to go to the gym with her dog, Cookie. cjbdfkvsdkjgshfdghdfkghdfghdfjhgdfhglhfgl COMMON NOUN PROPER NOUN woman Jhane man Khyn country Philippines province Zamboanga Del Norte city Dipolog university Bataan Peninsula State University park Luneta A group of… COLLECTIVE NOUN Students Class
• some • some The goldfish is in the fish tank. INFLECTION AND DECLENSION English Noun Inflections • English noun inflections alter the noun to convey a more specific meaning and give more information about that noun.
• Noun inflections include additional or altered letters to
convey a plural, and adding apostrophes to indicate possession. Noun Paradigms • Where the verb stem may stand alone as an infinitive (e.g. ‘to pull’) imperative (e.g. ‘pull!’), or general present form (e.g. ‘I/you pull’), the noun stem may only stand alone as a singular noun.
• Noun paradigms have two forms: a stem form, which is
normally the singular, and a plural form, which normally adds an ‘s’. Declension • Inflection of nouns in English is called declension.
• Noun paradigms inflect for number but not for gender or
case.
• For example, the singular ‘chair’ takes the suffix ‘s’ to
become ‘chairs’: the number of chairs has clearly increased. • If the speaker wants to talk about the leg of the chair, the word ‘of’ should be used to avoid adding an apostrophe ‘s’ (the possessive suffix) i.e. ‘the ‘chair’s leg’.
• This is because possessives should preferably not be
used for inanimate objects. Possessives and Apostrophes If a possessive is used with the word ‘it’, then there is no apostrophe.
For example;
‘The dog knew its own name’
‘Justice is its own reward’, ‘The door came off its hinges’. • If an apostrophe is used with ‘it’, this becomes a contraction of ‘it is’.
For example:
‘It’s time to go out’
‘The computer won’t start because it’s broken’. Irregular Inflections Some noun stems take different inflectional affixes or none at all.
For example: • The word ‘mouse’ becomes ‘mice’ in the plural and does not take the suffix ‘s’ • The word ‘sheep’ stays the same in the plural without taking any affix • The word ‘medium’ becomes ‘media’ in the plural, here losing the ‘um’ ending and replacing it with ‘a’ (because this word is derived from Latin)
• The word ‘fungus’ becomes ‘fungi’ and the word ‘cactus’
becomes ‘cacti’ in the plural (but strangely, ‘octopus’ changes to the regular ‘octopuses’) • Nouns ending with ‘y’ often lose the ‘y’ and take ‘ies’ to make a plural.
For example: ‘charity’ becomes ‘charities’.
(Be careful not to confuse this with the possessive ‘charity’s’).
Properties of Nouns GENDER NUMBER CASE PERSON There are a few birds chirping. Number This is a new house. The buses have arrived. CASES NOMINATIVE CASE
• Subject of sentence
• Ex:
• The car is parked on the right.
Possessive case • Ownership of noun • ‘s
• Example: Mary’s car
Vocative case is a grammatical case which is used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed
Example:
• Sam, get in the car.
GENDER
MASCULINE NEUTRAL FEMININE COMMON Neutral
• She has got a lovely garden.
• He has got a lovely garden. Masculine and Feminine
• His uncle is not here, but his aunt.
Common • The member of the organization is here. Persons 3 persons:
• first person if they refer to the speaker or writer (or to a group
including the speaker or writer);
• second person if they refer to the audience of the speaker or writer
(or to a group including the audience); and
• third person if they refer to anyone else.
• First person I will come tomorrow. Bob showed the budget to us.
• Second person You should not forget to vote. Where is your coat?
• Third person It arrived yesterday. How can you stand working with them? GENERALIZATION Properties of Nouns NUMBER GENDER Group activity!!!!!
