Study Session

What is Hangul?
Hangul is the Korean writing system

and is made up of 10 vowels 14
consonants 5 double consonants and
11 compound vowels
Fun Fact:
• King Sejong created Hangul in 1443
to improve literacy.
• Hangul was made the official writing
system of Korea in 1446
Vowels
■ The vowels consist of ㅏㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ

a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu I
■ We will only be focusing on ㅏㅓㅗㅜㅡㅣ
ㅏ (a)
*pronounced as ah
ㅓ (eo)
*pronounced as a soft oh
ex: 어머니
ㅗ (o)
*pronounced as a hard oh
ㅜ (u)
*pronounced as oo like in moo or the ou in you
ex: 우유
ㅡ (eu)
*pronounced as eh
ㅣ (i)
*pronounce as e like in me
Consonants
■ The consonants consists of ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ

ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
■ We will only be focusing on ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ
ㄱ (g/k)
*pronounced as g when followed by a vowel
ㄴ (n)
*pronounced as n
ㄷ (d/t)
*pronounced as d when followed by a vowel
ㄹ (r/l)
*pronounced as a l when followed by a vowel
ㅁ (m)
*pronounced as m
ㅂ (b/p)
*pronounced as a b when followed by a vowel
ㅅ (s)
*pronounced as s except when followed by
ㅣ pronunciation is changed to sh
ㄱ+ㅏ=가
gah
ㄱ+ㅓ=거
guh
ㄱ+ㅗ=고
go
ㄱ+ㅜ=구
glue
ㄴ+ㅏ=나
nah
ㄴ+ㅓ=너
nuh
ㄴ+ㅗ=노
no
ㄴ+ㅜ=누
new
ㄷ+ㅏ=다
dah
ㄷ+ㅓ=더
duh
ㄷ+ㅗ=도
doe
ㄷ+ㅜ=두
due
ㄷ+ㅡ=드
ㄹ+ㅏ=라 la
ㄹ+ㅓ=러 luh
ㄹ+ㅗ=로
low
ㄹ+ㅜ=루 lou
ㄹ+ㅡ=르 leu
ㄹ+ㅣ=리 lee
ㅁ + ㅏ = 마 ma
ㅁ+ㅓ=머
muh
ㅁ + ㅗ = 모 mo
ㅁ+ㅜ=무
moo
ㅁ+ㅡ=므
meh
ㅂ + ㅏ = 바 pa
ㅂ+ㅓ=버
buh/puh
ㅂ + ㅗ = 보 po
ㅂ+ㅜ=부
pooh
ㅂ+ㅡ=브
peh
ㅂ + ㅣ = 비 bee
ㅅ+ㅏ=사
sah
ㅅ+ㅓ=서
suh
ㅅ+ㅗ=소
so
ㅅ+ㅜ=수
CONTINUING
VOWELS
WELCOME
Korean Study Session
Vowels(continued)
■ The remaining vowels consists ㅑ ㅕ ㅛ ㅠ

ya yeo yo yu
ㅑ (ya)
*Pronounced as yah
ㅕ (yeo)
*pronounced as a soft yo
ex: 여자친구
ㅛ (yo)
*pronounced as yo
CONTINUING
CONSONANTS
Consonants/Double Consonants
(continued)
■ Remaining consonants consists of ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
NG J CH K T P H
■ Double consonants consists of ㅃㅉㄸㄲㅆ
■ They are pronounced as the counterpart to its singular form
with more aspiration
ㅇ(ng)
*pronounced as ng like in jumping
Rule to remember: ㅇ has no phonetic value when placed before a vowel

ex:안녕
ㅇ has phonetic value when placed at the end of the syllable block (bachim)
ex:짝사랑
ㅈ (j)
*pronounced as j
ex: 정말
ㅊ (ch)
*pronounced as ch like in chili
ex: 친고
ㅋ(k)
*pronounced as k like in kangaroo
ex:콩
ㅌ (t)
*pronounced as t like in task
ex: 화이팅
ㅍ (p)
*pronounced as p like in ping pong
ex: 예쁘다
ㅎ (h)
*pronounced as h like in hat
ex: 하지마
ㅈ+ㅏ=자
ㅈ+ㅓ=저
ㅈ+ㅗ=조
ㅈ+ㅜ=주
ㅈ+ㅡ=즈
ㅈ+ㅣ=지
ㅊ+ㅏ=차
ㅊ+ㅓ=처
ㅊ+ㅗ=초
ㅊ+ㅜ=추
ㅊ+ㅡ=츠
ㅊ+ㅣ=치
ㅋ+ㅏ=카
ㅋ+ㅓ=커
ㅋ+ㅗ=코
ㅋ+ㅜ=쿠
ㅋ+ㅡ=크
ㅋ+ㅣ=키
ㅌ+ㅏ=타
ㅌ+ㅓ=터
ㅌ+ㅗ=토
ㅌ+ㅜ=투
ㅌ+ㅡ=트
ㅌ+ㅣ=티
ㅍ+ㅏ=파
ㅍ+ㅓ=퍼
ㅍ+ㅗ=포
ㅍ+ㅜ=푸
ㅍ+ㅡ=프
ㅍ+ㅣ=피
ㅎ+ㅏ=하
ㅎ+ㅓ=허
ㅎ+ㅗ=호
ㅎ+ㅜ=후
ㅎ+ㅡ=흐
ㅎ+ㅣ=히
DOUBLE
CONSONANTS
ㅃ (p)
*pronounced as p but with more emphasis
ex: 뽀뽀
ㅆ (s)
*pronounced as s but more aspirated
ㅉ (j)
*pronounced as j but more aspirated
ex: 찌개
ㄸ (t)
*pronounced as an aspirated t
ㄲ (k)
*pronounced as an aspirated k
ex: 토끼
ㅃ+ㅏ=빠
ㅃ+ㅓ=뻐
ㅃ+ㅗ=뽀
ㅃ+ㅜ=뿌
ㅃ+ㅡ=쁘
ㅃ+ㅣ=삐
ㅆ+ㅏ=싸
ㅆ+ㅓ=써
ㅆ+ㅗ=쏘
ㅆ+ㅜ=쑤
ㅆ+ㅡ=쓰
ㅆ+ㅣ=씨
ㅉ+ㅏ=짜
ㅉ+ㅓ=쩌
ㅉ+ㅗ=쪼
ㅉ+ㅜ=쭈
ㅉ+ㅡ=쯔
ㅉ+ㅣ=찌
ㄸ+ㅏ=따
ㄸ+ㅓ=떠
ㄸ+ㅗ=또
ㄸ+ㅜ=뚜
ㄸ+ㅡ=뜨
ㄸ+ㅣ=띠
ㄲ+ㅏ=까
ㄲ+ㅓ=꺼
ㄲ+ㅗ=꼬
ㄲ+ㅜ=꾸
ㄲ+ㅡ=끄
ㄲ+ㅣ=끼
COMPOUND
VOWELS
Compound Vowels
■ Compound Vowels consists of ㅐㅒㅔㅖㅘㅙㅚㅝㅟㅢ

■ Compound vowels are just a combination of two vowels to
form one sound
■ There are a total of 11 compound vowels in the Korean
language.
ㅐ (ae)
*pronounced like a in late.
Ex: 죽을래
ㅒ (yae)
*pronounced like yay.
ㅔ (e)
*pronounced like e in yes
ㅖ (ye)
*pronounced like ye in yes
ex: 예쁘다
ㅘ (wa)
ex: 사과
ㅙ (wae)
ㅚ(oe)
ㅟ(wi)
*pronounced like the word we
ex: 바귀
ㅝ(wo)
*pronounced like the word woah
ex:샤워
ㅢ(ui)
ex:의자
ㅣ+ㅓ=ㅐ
ㅣ+ㅕ=ㅒ
ㅓ+ㅣ=ㅔ
ㅕ+ㅣ=ㅖ
ㅗ+ㅏ=ㅘ
ㅗ+ㅐ+ㅙ
ㅗ+ㅣ=ㅚ
ㅜ+ㅣ=ㅚ
ㅜ+ㅓ=ㅝ
ㅡ+ㅣ=ㅢ
SYLLABLE
STRUCTURES
Four types of syllable structures
■ First is where the syllable only consists of a vowel

■ Second is when the syllable block contains both a vowel and consonant
■ Third syllable structure is consonant and vowel
■ Last when the syllable block contains a consonant, vowel and consonant
What is 받침 ?
■ 받침 is when a consonant is placed and pronounced at the end of a syllable block

■ Considered as the “support block” because it supports all other letters from the bottom
■ When ending in a consonant, it can only end in one of these syllable sounds of
ㄱㄴㄷㄹㅁㅂㅇ
■ There are also twin combination 받침 and double consonant 바ㄷ침 .
SOUND CHANGE
Sound Change
■ Be aware that with 받침 some pronunciations change completely

■ When a syllable block ends with a consonant and the next block starts with another
consonant it changes the sound.
Ex) The word 있다 which means for something to exist.
■ Since the next syllable block starts with another consonant, the ㅆ changes to a “T” sound
■ If the next syllable block starts with a fake consonant ㅇ (no consonant sound) or
often ㅎ (h) , 받침 keep their own sound and connects to the next word block.
Ex) The word 먹이 which means to feed
■ Be aware that there are a few exceptions to the rule.
Exceptions
■ An exception would be the ㄷ (d) and ㅌ (t) especially with the vowel ㅣ (i).
■ ㄷ (d) sound is pronounced ㅈ (j) often with vowel ㅣ (i)
해돋이 : hae-do-ji
■ ㅌ (t) sound is pronounced ㅊ (ch) often with vowel ㅣ (i)
같이 : ga-chi
This letter Followed by this letter Make this sound
ㄱ ㄹ ㅇㄴ
ㄱ ㅁ ㅇㅁ
ㄱ ㅎ ㅋ
ㄴ ㄹ English "L"
ㄷ ㄹ ㄷㄴ
ㄷ ㅎ ㅌ
ㄹ ㄹ English "L"
Sound
ㅁ ㄹ ㅁㄴ
ㅂ ㄴ ㅁㄴ
ㅂ ㄹ ㅂㄴ
Change ㅂ
ㅅ
ㅎ
ㄹ ㅌㄴ
ㅍ
(cont.)
ㅇ ㄹ ㅇㄴ
ㅈ ㄹ ㅈㄴ
ㅋ ㅎ ㅋ
ㅌ ㄹ ㅌㄴ
ㅌ ㅎ ㅌ
ㅍ ㄹ ㅍㄴ
ㅍ ㅎ ㅍ
ㅎ ㄱ ㅋ
ㅎ ㄷ ㅌ
ㅎ ㅂ ㅍ
ㅎ ㅈ ㅊ
Twin Consonant 받침
■ Korean grammar uses only

ㄲ and ㅆ 받침 among all
twin consonants. They effect
the sound of next syllable.
Double Consonant 받침
■ Two different consonants can be placed

at the bottom as a 받침 together. It
doesn’t make a new sound but change
the next syllable block.
받침 combinations (cont.)
ㄺ , ㄻ , ㄿ are pronounced a
second 받침 first. But it works
same in some way with other 2
받침 combinations.

받침 before the ㅎ
■ Another thing to remember would be the 받침 before the ㅎ
■ You just need to remember ‘ ㅎ’ makes a breath-out sound which makes other sounds
stronger.
Except ㄹ , ㄹ batchim just ignores ㅎ . So simple. It follows the assimilation rules.

ㅂ + ㅎ = ㅍ (p)
ㅎ + ㅈ = ㅊ (ch)
ㄱ + ㅎ = ㅋ (k)

How to read 받침 combination
1. (Red on image) Mostly first 받침 is pronounced with a

syllable block that it belongs

2. (Green on image) If the next block starts with a
consonant, then the second consonant in 받침 makes a
stronger sound by combining the consonant in the next word
block. (word blocks don’t actually change, only sound)

3. (Blue on image)the second consonant in 받침 is
pronounced with the next word block when the next block
starts with a fake consonant

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What is Hangul?

Hangul is the Korean writing system

■ The vowels consist of ㅏㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ

■ The consonants consists of ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ

■ The remaining vowels consists ㅑ ㅕ ㅛ ㅠ

Rule to remember: ㅇ has no phonetic value when placed before a vowel

■ Compound Vowels consists of ㅐㅒㅔㅖㅘㅙㅚㅝㅟㅢ

■ First is where the syllable only consists of a vowel

■ 받침 is when a consonant is placed and pronounced at the end of a syllable block

■ Be aware that with 받침 some pronunciations change completely

■ Korean grammar uses only

■ Two different consonants can be placed

1. (Red on image) Mostly first 받침 is pronounced with a

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