Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 40 views

    Cell Membrane in Transport Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Annie Lou
    The cell membrane is primarily composed of lipids and proteins that form a phospholipid bilayer. Lipids make up 20-80% of the membrane and help give it flexibility, while embedded proteins monitor the chemical environment and transport molecules. Key components of the membrane include phospholipids, which form the bilayer, cholesterol which maintains flexibility, and glycolipids on the surface. Membrane proteins have structural, receptor, transport, and glycoprotein functions that support the cell, facilitate communication, and regulate molecular movement across the membrane. The lipid bilayer is semi-permeable and amphipathic, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cell Membrane in Transport Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Annie Lou
    40 views29 pages
    The cell membrane is primarily composed of lipids and proteins that form a phospholipid bilayer. Lipids make up 20-80% of the membrane and help give it flexibility, while embedded proteins monitor the chemical environment and transport molecules. Key components of the membrane include phospholipids, which form the bilayer, cholesterol which maintains flexibility, and glycolipids on the surface. Membrane proteins have structural, receptor, transport, and glycoprotein functions that support the cell, facilitate communication, and regulate molecular movement across the membrane. The lipid bilayer is semi-permeable and amphipathic, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

    Original Title

    CELL MEMBRANE IN TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The cell membrane is primarily composed of lipids and proteins that form a phospholipid bilayer. Lipids make up 20-80% of the membrane and help give it flexibility, while embedded proteins monitor the chemical environment and transport molecules. Key components of the membrane include phospholipids, which form the bilayer, cholesterol which maintains flexibility, and glycolipids on the surface. Membrane proteins have structural, receptor, transport, and glycoprotein functions that support the cell, facilitate communication, and regulate molecular movement across the membrane. The lipid bilayer is semi-permeable and amphipathic, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views29 pages

    Cell Membrane in Transport Mechanisms

    Uploaded by

    Annie Lou
    The cell membrane is primarily composed of lipids and proteins that form a phospholipid bilayer. Lipids make up 20-80% of the membrane and help give it flexibility, while embedded proteins monitor the chemical environment and transport molecules. Key components of the membrane include phospholipids, which form the bilayer, cholesterol which maintains flexibility, and glycolipids on the surface. Membrane proteins have structural, receptor, transport, and glycoprotein functions that support the cell, facilitate communication, and regulate molecular movement across the membrane. The lipid bilayer is semi-permeable and amphipathic, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

    THE CELL MEMBRANE- Is primarily composed of a mix of proteins and lipids.


    Depending on the membrane’s location and role in the body, lipids can make up
    anywhere from 20 to 80 percent of the membrane, with the remainder being
    proteins.
    LIPIDS- help to give membranes their flexibility, proteins monitor and maintain the
    cell’s chemical climate and assist in the transfer of molecules across the
    membrane.

    I. CELL MEMBRANE LIPIDS


    Phospholipids- are a major component of the cell membranes. Phospholipids form
    a lipid bilayer in which their hydrophilic (attracted to water) head areas
    spontaneously arrange to face the aqueous cytosol and the extracellular fluid,
    while their hydrophobic (repelled by water) tail areas face away from the cystosol
    and extracellular fuid.
    Phospholipid Definition

    A phospholipid is a type of lipid molecule that is the main


    component of the cell membrane. Lipids are molecules that
    include fats, waxes, and some vitamins, among others.
    Each phospholipid is made up of two fatty acids, a
    phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule. When many
    phospholipids line up, they form a double layer that is
    characteristic of all cell membranes.
    The Lipid bilayer is semi-permeable, allowing only certain molecules to diffuse across
    the membrane. By having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, phospholipids are
    considered amphipathic molecules.
     1. Cholesterol- is another component of animal cell membranes. Cholesterol
    molecules are selectively dispersed between membrane phospholipids. This
    helps to keep cell membranes from becoming stiff by preventing
    phospholipids from being too closely packed together. Cholesterol is not
    found in the membranes of plant cells.
     2. Glycolipids-are located on the cell membrane surfaces and have a carbohydrate
    sugar chain attached to them. They help the cell to recognize other cells of the body.
    II. CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS-Have a number of different functions:

     1.STRUCTURAL PROTEINS- help to give the cell support and shape.


     2.RECEPTOR PROTEINS- Is a cell membrane protein that help cells communicate
    with their external environment through the use of hormones, and other
    signaling molecules.
     3.TRANSPORT PROTEIN- such as globular proteins, transport molecules across
    the cell membranes through facilitated diffusion.
     4.GLYCOPROTEIN- have a carbohydrate chain attached to them. They are
    embedded in the cell membrane and help in the cell to cell communications and
    molecule transport across the membrane.
     1.STRUCTURAL PROTEINS- help to give the cell support and shape.
     2. RECEPTOR PROTEINS- Is a cell membrane protein that help cells
    communicate with their external environment through the use of hormones,
    and other signaling molecules.
     3. TRANSPORT PROTEIN- such as globular proteins, transport molecules
    across the cell membranes through facilitated diffusion.
     4. GLYCOPROTEIN- have a carbohydrate chain attached to them. They are
    embedded in the cell membrane and help in the cell to cell communications
    and molecule transport across the membrane.
    STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF CELL MEMBRANE AND FUNCTION

    PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELL- biological membranes are present in


    these cells…. It is also called as cell membrane as it works as a barrier between
    the inner and outer surface of the cell. In animal cells, the plasma membrane is
    present in the outermost layer of the cell and in plant cell it is present just
    beneath the cell wall.

    PLASMA MEMBRANE- can be defined as a biological membrane or an outer


    membrane of a cell, which is composed of two layers pf phospholipids and
    embedded with proteins. It is a semi –permeable membrane layer, which
    surrounds the cytoplasm and other constituents of the cell.
    FUNCTIONS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

    1. It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment and it
    regulates what enters and exits the cell.
    2. Plasma membrane plays a vital role in protecting the integrity of the interior of
    the cell by allowing only selected substances into the cell and keeping other
    substances out.
    3. It also serves a a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms
    and the cell wall in others. Thus the cell membrane supports the cell and helps
    in maintaining the shape of the cell.
    4. The cell membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids. While lipids
    help to give membranes their flexibility and proteins monitor and maintain the
    cell’s chemical climate and assist in the transfer of molecules across the
    membrane.
    5. The lipid bilayer is semi-permeable, which allows only selected molecules to
    diffuse across the membrane.
    am·phi·path·ic
    [ˌamfəˈpaTHik]
    ADJECTIVEBIOCHEMISTRY
    1.(of a molecule, especially a protein)
    having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
    parts. ( THE CELL MEMBRANE)
    CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

    1. The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is made of two layers of phospholipids.


    2. The plasma membrane has many proteins embedded in it.
    3. The plasma membrane regulates the entry and exit of the cell. Many molecules
    cross the cell membrane by diffusion and osmosis.
    4. The fundamental structure of the membrane is phospho-lipid bilayer and it
    forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments.
    5. The proteins present in the plasma membrane acts as pumps, channels,
    receptors, enzymes or structural components.
    PLASMA MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

    1. It is the boundary, which separates the living cell from their non-living
    surroundings.
    2. It is the phospholipids bilayer.
    3. Plasma membrane is an amphiphatic , which contains both hydrophilic
    heads and hydrophobic tails.
    4. It is a fluid mosaic of lipids, proteins and carbohydrate.
    5. It is a lipid bilayer, which contains – two layers of phospholipids,
    phosphate head is polar (water loving), fatty acid tails non-polar (water
    fearing) and protein embedded in membrane
    COMPONENTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

    1. proteins like glycoprotein, which are used for cell recognition and act as
    receptors and antigens.
    2. Proteins like glycolipids which are attached to the phospholipids along with the
    sugar chains.
    3. Lipids with short chain of carbohydrates which are attached of the extracellular
    side of the membrane.
    4. Phospholipid bilayer is made up of phosphates and lipids. They create a
    partially permeable membrane, which allows only certain substances to diffuse
    through the membrane.
    5. Cholesterol- it maintains the fluidity of cell surface membrane.
    PROTEINS IN PLASMA MEMBRANE

    In plasma membrane, a protein helps in providing the support and shape of the
    cell. There are 3 types of protein in plasma membrane:

    1. CELL MEMBRANE RECEPTOR PROTEINS- They help in communication of a cell


    with their external environment with the help of hormones,
    neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules.

    2. TRANSPORT PROTEINS- They help transporting molecules across the cell


    membranes through facilitated diffusion. For example: globular proteins.

    3. GLYCOPROTEINS- It helps in cell to cell communications and molecule


    transport across the membrane.
    PROKARYOTIC PLASMA MEMBRANE

    It is composed of phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins. In the middle of the


    bilayer, the fatty acids of the phospholipids are found, this is called the hydrophobic
    region. Prokaryotic cells can have multiple plasma membranes. In prokaryotic
    organisms, plasma membranes are responsible for controlling the entry and exit of the
    cell.
    PROKARYOTIC CELL MEMBRANE
    The cell membrane structure of a prokaryotic cell is simple it is
    made up of proteins and lipids called the plasma membranes. A
    prokaryotic cell membrane is actually a fluid phospholipid bi-
    layer submerged with proteins. The cell membranes of
    prokaryotic cells have two phospholipid layers. A prokaryotic cell
    membrane is a thin lipid bilayer.
    EUKARYOTIC PLASMA MEMBRANE

    The eukaryotic plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer containing proteins


    and carbohydrates attached to the proteins and sterols. It is a phospholipid bilayer
    embedded with proteins and glycoprotein. The phospholipid bilayer is arranged in
    such a manner that they form the center of the membrane. They also contain
    sterols, which makes the membrane less permeable and helps stabilize the
    membrane and add the rigidity to membranes.
    --------------end--------------

    You might also like