LESSON 5 Genchem2

PROPERTIES of
LIQUIDS and
UNIQUE
PROPERTIES of
WATER
OBJECTIVES:
a. Describe the properties of liquids:
surface tension, viscosity, vapor pressure,
boiling point, and molar heat of
vaporization;
b. Explain the effect of intermolecular
forces on these properties; and
c. Relate the properties of water to
intermolecular forces that operate among
its molecules.
DIFFERENT PROPERTIES of LIQUID
1. SURFACE TENSION
- the measure of the elastic force in the
surface of a liquid. It is the amount of energy
required to stretch or increase the surface of a
liquid by a unit area.
CONCLUSION:
- Liquids that have strong intermolecular

forces also have high surface tension.
2. CAPILLARY ACTION
- is the tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow
tubes or to be drawn into small openings.
2 Types of Forces:
Cohesion is the
intermolecular attraction
between like molecules
(liquid molecules).
Adhesion is an attraction
between unlike molecules
(such as those in water
and in the particles that
make up the glass tube).
3. VISCOSITY
- a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
o Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces

have higher viscosities than those that have weak
intermolecular forces.
o Viscosity decreases as temperature increases.
Glycerol have higher viscosity than
water
4. VAPOR PRESSURE of a LIQUID
- the equilibrium pressure of a vapor above
its liquid; that is, the pressure exerted by the
vapor above the surface of the liquid in a
closed container.
o The equilibrium vapor pressure is the maximum

vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature
and that it is constant at a constant temperature.
It increases with temperature.
o The stronger the intermolecular forces of
attraction, the lower the vapor pressure of a
liquid.
The weaker the IMF, the higher the vapor
pressure.
 The stronger the IMF, the lower the vapor
pressure.
5. MOLAR HEAT of VAPORIZATION
(ΔHvap) – the energy required to vaporize 1
mole of a liquid at a given temperature.
o If the intermolecular attraction is strong, it takes a lot of
energy to free the molecules from the liquid phase and
the heat of vaporization will be high.
o The boiling point is related to molar heat of
vaporization: the higher the molar heat of vaporization,
the higher the boiling point.
o The boiling points of substances often reflect the strength
of the intermolecular forces operating among the
molecules. At the BP, enough energy must be supplied to
overcome the attractive forces among molecules before
they can enter the vapor phase.
THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER
oWater is a good solvent.

oWater has a high specific heat.
oThe boiling point of water is unusually
high.
oSolid water is less dense, and in fact floats
on liquid water.
Lab Activity:
Direction: Explain your observations. You can
paste your documentation/picture below.
Materials
Penny
Medicine dropper or eyedropper
Glass, cup or small bowl
Tap water
Dish soap
Dish towel or paper towel
Flat, level surface that can get wet, such as a kitchen
counter
Paper and pencil or pen (optional)
Preparation
o Place your penny on a flat, level surface that can get a
little wet, such as a kitchen counter.
o Fill a glass, cup or small bowl with tap water.
Procedure
o Fill the medicine dropper with water.
o Now carefully add one drop of water at a time to the top
of the penny. Hold the medicine dropper just above the
top of the penny (not touching it) so each new drop has to
fall a short distance before it merges with the drop on the
penny. You can write down the number of drops you add
if you like. How many drops of water do you think will fit
on top of the
penny? _________________________________________
________________________
o Watch the drop on top of the penny carefully as it grows.
It should keep getting bigger and bigger until it touches
the edges of the penny.
o Keep adding drops (refill your medicine dropper as
necessary) one at a time. How big does the drop on the
penny get before it finally spills over the edges?
(photo documentation)
o Once the drop spills over the penny’s edge, use a towel to
completely dry off the penny and surrounding
surface. How many drops of water were you able to add
before the water ran over the penny’s sides?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________
o Mix a small amount of dish soap with your tap water.
o Now, repeat the experiment using soapy water. Do you
think you will be able to add more drops or less before
the liquid spills over the sides of the
penny? _________________________________________
___________________________
o Again, slowly add one drop at a time. How big does the

drop of water on top of the penny get before it breaks and
flows over the edges?
(photo documentation)
Observations and results:
Next Lesson:
ACTIVITY/EXERCISES
SOLIDS
and its
PROPERTIES

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PROPERTIES of

- Liquids that have strong intermolecular

o Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces

o The equilibrium vapor pressure is the maximum

oWater is a good solvent.

o Again, slowly add one drop at a time. How big does the

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