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    Printing Press

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    Glorious Gully
    The document summarizes the history of printing in 6 sentences: 1) Before the 15th century, all writing and illustrations were done by hand by scribes living in monasteries, as printing did not yet exist. 2) The first stage of printing began in China in the 6th century using woodblock printing to print texts like the Diamond Sutra. 3) In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable type printing to Europe, which became the most prominent printing method for centuries.

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    Printing Press

    Uploaded by

    Glorious Gully
    26 views10 pages
    The document summarizes the history of printing in 6 sentences: 1) Before the 15th century, all writing and illustrations were done by hand by scribes living in monasteries, as printing did not yet exist. 2) The first stage of printing began in China in the 6th century using woodblock printing to print texts like the Diamond Sutra. 3) In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable type printing to Europe, which became the most prominent printing method for centuries.

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    The document summarizes the history of printing in 6 sentences: 1) Before the 15th century, all writing and illustrations were done by hand by scribes living in monasteries, as printing did not yet exist. 2) The first stage of printing began in China in the 6th century using woodblock printing to print texts like the Diamond Sutra. 3) In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable type printing to Europe, which became the most prominent printing method for centuries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views10 pages

    Printing Press

    Uploaded by

    Glorious Gully
    The document summarizes the history of printing in 6 sentences: 1) Before the 15th century, all writing and illustrations were done by hand by scribes living in monasteries, as printing did not yet exist. 2) The first stage of printing began in China in the 6th century using woodblock printing to print texts like the Diamond Sutra. 3) In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable type printing to Europe, which became the most prominent printing method for centuries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    HISTORY OF

    PRINTING
    PRESS
    FT. ANMOL, ANURAG, MOKSDA, PRIYANSHU, VARTIK AND YUGAL
    RANK: 13 ALL UWU
    Life Before Printing Press
    Before the printing press was invented, any writings and
    drawings had to be completed painstakingly by hand.
    Several different materials were used to transcribe books:
    clay and papyrus, wax, and parchment. It wasn’t just anyone
    who was allowed to do this; such work was usually reserved
    for scribes who lived and worked in monasteries.

    In the Dark Ages and Middle Ages, books were usually only
    owned by monasteries, educational institutions or extremely rich
    people. Most books were religious in nature. In some cases, a
    family might be lucky enough to own a book, in which case it
    would be a copy of the Bible.
    First stage: woodblock printing
    In 6th-century China during the Tang dynasty, One of many
    inventions to emerge from this great empire was a system of
    printing using wooden matrices that were engraved, inked and
    pressed onto a sheet of paper. The scope of this invention was
    such that, in modern Chinese historiography, printing is
    considered one of the four great inventions of Ancient China.

    One of the first books printed with woodblocks was a copy of


    the Diamond Sutra (868 AD), a six-sheet scroll over five
    metres long.
    Second stage: movable-type printing
    Now about the advent of movable type. And once again, this invention came from China. In 1041, the printer
    Bi Sheng invented movable clay type. However, it had the drawback of breaking easily.
    Now fast forward to the 15th century and the introduction of movable type in Europe by Johannes
    Gutenberg. The centrepiece of his technique was the punch, a steel parallelepiped whose head was engraved in
    relief, and back to front, with a character: a number, letter or punctuation mark. The punch created the matrix in
    which type was cast, then placed on a tray, inked and pressed onto paper.
    Third stage: the rotary press
    Richard March Hoe invented the first rotary press,
    perfected in 1846 and patented in 1847. Initially, this
    system was hand-fed with single sheets until,
    In 1863, William Bullock introduced a press that was
    fed by a paper roll: the images to be printed were
    curved around rotating cylinders. There was no longer
    a flat surface that exerted pressure to print: instead,
    the paper passed through a cylinder which exerted a
    far greater force.
    Fourth stage: offset printing
    In 1875, Robert Barclay invented the offset press for printing on
    metal. Then, in 1904, Ira Washington Rubel adapted the technology
    for paper. This indirect method of printing is based on a very simple
    chemical phenomenon: the repulsion between oil and water.

    The printing process is anything but simple though. An offset plate is


    divided into two areas: the image area, which is lipophilic and
    therefore attracts the ink; and the non-image area, which is
    hydrophilic, and repels the ink.
    Fifth stage: the linotype machine
    In 1885, German inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler developed
    the linotype, a typesetting machine. The advantage of this
    system was that it automatically composed lines of type. It
    worked in much the same way as a typewriter: the operator
    composed lines of text by pressing keys on a keyboard. Each
    key would release a matrix for the corresponding character
    and this matrix would align with the others. The line of
    matrices was then filled with molten lead, cast, inked and
    used to press the characters onto sheets of paper.
    Sixth stage: the laser printer
    In 1971, the Xerox Corporation developed laser technology. In
    a laser printer, the content to be printed is generated by
    electronic processes and printed directly onto the sheet of
    paper. To be more precise, the laser transfers the image to a
    photosensitive selenium cylinder (called a “drum”) and from
    there, using toner, it’s directly applied to the paper. With this
    system, it’s possible to print around 20,000 lines a minute.
    Record breaking. But more importantly, from this point
    on, anyone could print whatever they wanted, whenever they
    wanted, in their office or home.
    The last stage: 3D printing
    We’ve reached the present day. We end our journey
    through time in the era of the 3D printer. This printing
    technology was actually developed some years ago, in
    1983 to be exact, when Chuck Hull used UV rays to
    harden varnishes. The engineer baptised his invention
    “stereo lithography”: a method that allows solid objects
    to be created by adding overlapping layers of a
    photosensitive liquid polymer which has been struck by
    UV light. But where does it start from? From a 3D
    model produced by modelling software, like Blender,
    AutoCAD or OpenSCAD.

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