Colour in Design and Graphics

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Physical Forms, Psychology, Colour Scheme & Production

Use of Colours

All of the
colours we
can perceive
are produced
by the mixing
of certain
basic colours.
There are three categories of colours:

• Primary Colours (Red, Yellow, and Blue) are those that are not
formed by the mixing of any other colours and can be said to
be "pure" colours.

• Secondary Colours (Orange, Green, and Violet) are those


formed by the mixing of two or more primary colours.

• Tertiary Colours (Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green,


Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, and Red-Violet) are those produced
by the mixing of two or more secondary colours.
• Monochromatic Colour Scheme
The monochromatic colour scheme uses variations in
lightness and saturation of a single colour. This scheme looks
clean and elegant. Monochromatic colours go well together,
producing a soothing effect.

• You can use it to establish an overall mood. The primary


colour can be integrated with neutral colours such as black,
white, or gray. However, it can be difficult, when using this
scheme, to highlight the most important elements.
• Analogous Colour Scheme 
Analogous colours are colours that are in close proximity to
each other on the colour wheel that share similar hue and
saturation. The graphic example on the top shows Red and
two analogous colours of Red Violet and Red Orange.
Analogous colours are most often used to achieve proper
colour harmony.
• Complementary Colour Scheme 
The complementary colour scheme is made of two colours that are
opposite each other on the colour wheel. The complementary scheme is
intrinsically high-contrast and draws maximum attention.
When using the complementary scheme, it is important to choose
a dominant colour and use its complementary colour for accents. Using
one colour for the background and its complementary colour to highlight
important elements, you will get colour dominance combined with sharp
colour contrast.
• Split Complementary Colour Scheme
The split complementary scheme is a variation of the standard
complementary scheme. It uses a colour and the two colours
adjacent to its complementary. This provides high contrast.
• Triadic Colour Scheme
The triadic colour scheme uses three colours equally spaced around
the colour wheel. This scheme is popular among artists because it
offers strong visual contrast while retaining balance, and colour
richness. The triadic scheme is not as contrasting as the
complementary scheme, but it looks more balanced and
harmonious.

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