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    Concepts

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    Louis Feliph Ruela
    The document discusses internal and external combustion engines. It describes how internal combustion engines, like gasoline and diesel engines, combust fuel directly inside the engine cylinders to power the pistons. External combustion engines, like steam and Stirling engines, combust fuel externally and transfer heat to a working fluid to power the engine. The key difference is that internal combustion engines combust fuel internally while external combustion engines combust fuel externally and transfer heat.

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    Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Louis Feliph Ruela
    12 views8 pages
    The document discusses internal and external combustion engines. It describes how internal combustion engines, like gasoline and diesel engines, combust fuel directly inside the engine cylinders to power the pistons. External combustion engines, like steam and Stirling engines, combust fuel externally and transfer heat to a working fluid to power the engine. The key difference is that internal combustion engines combust fuel internally while external combustion engines combust fuel externally and transfer heat.

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    The document discusses internal and external combustion engines. It describes how internal combustion engines, like gasoline and diesel engines, combust fuel directly inside the engine cylinders to power the pistons. External combustion engines, like steam and Stirling engines, combust fuel externally and transfer heat to a working fluid to power the engine. The key difference is that internal combustion engines combust fuel internally while external combustion engines combust fuel externally and transfer heat.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views8 pages

    Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Louis Feliph Ruela
    The document discusses internal and external combustion engines. It describes how internal combustion engines, like gasoline and diesel engines, combust fuel directly inside the engine cylinders to power the pistons. External combustion engines, like steam and Stirling engines, combust fuel externally and transfer heat to a working fluid to power the engine. The key difference is that internal combustion engines combust fuel internally while external combustion engines combust fuel externally and transfer heat.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    COMBUSTION ENGINEERING

    ME 3B4
    INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (ICE)
     Combustion, also known as burning, is the basic chemical process of
    releasing energy from a fuel and air mixture.  In an internal
    combustion engine (ICE), the ignition and combustion of the fuel
    occur within the engine itself. The engine then partially converts the
    energy from the combustion to work. The engine consists of a fixed
    cylinder and a moving piston. The expanding combustion gases push
    the piston, which in turn rotates the crankshaft. Ultimately, through a
    system of gears in the powertrain, this motion drives the vehicle’s
    wheels. There are two kinds of internal combustion engines currently
    in production: the spark ignition gasoline engine and the compression
    ignition diesel engine.
     Most of these are four-stroke cycle engines, meaning four piston
    strokes are needed to complete a cycle. The cycle includes four
    distinct processes: intake, compression, combustion and power stroke,
    and exhaust.
    TYPES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
    Spark-ignition Gasoline

     In a spark ignition engine, the fuel is mixed with air and


    then inducted into the cylinder during the intake process.
    After the piston compresses the fuel-air mixture, the spark
    ignites it, causing combustion. The expansion of the
    combustion gases pushes the piston during the power
    stroke.
    TYPES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
    Compression-ignition Diesel

     In a diesel engine, only air is inducted into the engine and


    then compressed. Diesel engines then spray the fuel into
    the hot compressed air at a suitable, measured rate,
    causing it to ignite.
    EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (ECE)
     External combustion engines, in which the heat to drive the engine
    cycle is provided from outside the engine, can generate energy from a
    variety of sources. The main engine of this type for power generation
    use is the Stirling engine. Stirling engines have been widely used in
    solar power generation using heat collected using large solar dish
    reflectors. They have also been developed for use in domestic combined
    heat and power systems where natural gas is used to generate heat that
    drives a Stirling heat engine with additional heat from the combustion
    process utilized for hot water and space heating. In principle, the
    engines can exploit heat energy from any source but the applications
    where they offer a cost-effective solution are limited.
     Historically, external combustion engines have taken many shapes,
    been put to many uses, and used a variety of fuels, but the vast majority
    of external combustion engines fall into two categories: steam engines
    and Stirling engines.
    TYPES OF EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
    Steam Engine
     Steam engines work by heating fuel in a combustion
    chamber and transferring that heat into water in a
    separate chamber. Some of the water inevitably turns
    to steam, where it rises and is pressed against a piston.
    This piston is connected to a crankshaft, which typically
    drives a large wheel. The pushing motion on the piston
    moves the crankshaft and spins the wheel. As the
    steam in the piston expands, it cools off (any energy
    added to the wheel must be subtracted from the
    working fluid according to the first law of
    thermodynamics). The cool fluid is either removed from
    the system or allowed to heat up again, and the cycle
    repeats.
    TYPES OF EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
    Stirling Engine
     Stirling engines use an external combustion chamber to
    heat the working fluid. The expansion of the working
    fluid drives a piston, which creates usable mechanical
    energy that can spin a wheel or be put to other uses.
    Unlike steam engines, the working fluid does not
    change phases. It is simply allowed to cool off as energy
    is extracted and then reheated to continue the cycle of
    the engine. The use of Stirling engines is generally
    limited to a few applications, like heating homes,
    generating electricity in some parts of the world, and
    running submarines.
    INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

    External combustion engines and internal combustion engines serve the same purpose:
    turning the energy inside combustible fuel into usable mechanical energy. But the designs
    of the engines are very different. The main difference is in the location of combustion. In
    external combustion engines, fuel combustion occurs in a combustion chamber located
    outside of the rest of the engine. In internal combustion engines, combustion takes place
    inside the engine. In modern motor vehicles, fuel and air are drawn into each of the
    engine's cylinders and burned. The expansion of the burning gas drives the pistons, turns
    the crankshaft, and produces motion on the vehicle's wheels.

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