Sustainable Local Initiatives in Addressing

Climate Change Challenges

Bayawan City, Province of Negros Oriental

71st PHILAAST National Convention 2022

WEBINAR SERIES
“Accelerating Transformations for Sustainable Development
Through Science, Technology, and Innovation”
July 19, 2022

Engr. Edward Ryan C. Torreda, Eng.EC

City DRRMO of Bayawan City, Negros Oriental/
Team Leader, Innovative Flood Monitoring System
with
Hernulfo B. Ruelo, P.Geol.
Consultant – City DRRMO of Bayawan City
and
Erjien R. Tenefrancia, EnP.
Head, City Planning and Development Office of Bayawan City

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The National Climate Change Action Plan
NCCAP outlines the agenda for adaptation and mitigation
Seven (7) strategic priorities:

1. Human security (survival)

2. Food security directly interphases
3. Water efficiency with DRRM
4. Ecosystem and environmental stability
5. Climate-smart industries and services
6. Sustainable energy
7. Knowledge and capacity development

2
Disaster-Climate Change-Development Linkages
Disaster Risk Reduction Policy impacts on national and sub-national
• Preparedness vulnerabilities & capacities to avoid, cope and adapt to
• hazards
Response
• Recovery and Rehabilitation
• Prevention and Mitigation Impacts of disasters on socio-economic development.
Disruptions in economic and livelihood activities

National Development Policy

Institutional support on Climate changes
• International obligations
DRRM. Management of can raise or lower
vulnerability to • National economy
risks can reduce loses &
vulnerability enabling disaster shocks. • SDG targets
future adaptation • Poverty alleviation

Geographical disparity in economic growth or

development. Prevalent poverty incidence.
Underdevelopment jeopardizes adaptation.
Climate Change
• Adaptation
Imbalance or inadequate emphasis on mitigation or
• Mitigation adaptation. Unsustainable resource consumption.

(Source: DFID,2016)
 Link of DRR and CCA
Climate Change Disaster Risk
Adaptation: Management

Reduce risk to: Reduce risk to:

Gradual changes in Extreme weather Climate and Geophysi Ecological
weather cal Events
climatic parameters event with
related
increased frequency Events
and severity events

Other events
Changes in Changes in Direct connection (e.g.
Sea Level mean Precipitation technological,
Rise Temperature patterns terrestrial
Hazards that are
associated with
extreme events

Hazards that are

associated with
changing climate
“Normals”
CCA and DRR: point of conceptual convergence (Source: Gotangco 2012)
 al n tal
nt e ri e
c cid os
O
s O g r
gro Ne
Ne
Bayawan River Basin

Floodplain

Sulu Sea

Sulu Sea
LOCATION
Negros Oriental, Central Visayas (R-7)
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 Climate Type
CLIMATE TYPE 1
Annual rainfall : 2,530 mm

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 BAYAWAN CITY FACT SHEET
Class 2nd-class component city of the 3rd
Congressional District
No. of Barangays 28 (13 urban and 15 rural)
Urbanization Level (PSA 2010) 56.70%
Land area 699 km2
the largest in Negros Oriental, which
accounts for 13% of the province's land area
Total Population (2020 PSA Census) 122,747 (9% of Negros Oriental, 2nd only
to Dumaguete City)
60% in urban barangays, 40% in rural areas/
25% in floodplain area
25,646 total households
Annual population growth rate 1.10%
Population Density (per hectare) 1.7 (63 in urban floodplain area, 176 in
most densely populated barangay)
Poverty incidence (PSA 2012) 55%
Economy agriculture (rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut),
livestock, fisheries, minor commerce and
trade
Forestland use 17.8% of land area

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HAZARDS
Drought

Sea Level Rise

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 Oct 5-7, 2013 Flood
• highest recorded hourly rainfall (83mm, 4-5AM, Banga TESDA)
• highest recorded daily rainfall (514mm, Banga TESDA)

ACCUMULATED RAINFALL
• Downstream antecedent rain: 855mm for 3 days
• Upstream antecedent rain: 525 mm for 3 days
• Flood trigger: 253mm for 6 hours

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Photo courtesy of Yma Onaidla
flood marker

Floods

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 FLASH FLOOD IMPACTS – TC Odette 2021

Purok A. Bonifacio, Barangay Poblacion Purok Proper, Barangay Nangka

Purok Camote, Barangay Ubos Purok San Ramon, Barangay Poblacion

Floodplain
22 km2

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Drought

13
Landslide
Subsidence Erosion

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Sea Level Rise

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 Severe Winds

Totally Damaged Houses / Brgy

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 Bayawan City

CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACTS
Stronger Typhoons

Air temperature increase Increased rainfall Sea Level Rise (SLR)

Sea temperature increase Decreased rainfall Salt water intrusion 17

IMPACT CHAIN

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 IMPACT CHAIN ~ domino effect
Increased Temperature
“Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect”, Sea level rise, shift in
seasons, dry spell and drought, impact on fisheries and
aquaculture, crop damage, increased morbidity/mortality,
increase in incidence of pests and diseases, bushfires, loss of
income, food insecurity, increase poverty, malnutrition,
starvation, land loss (vegetal cover), loss of biodiversity,
increase usage of power and water utilities, degradation of
river basin, migration  

Heavy/Prolonged Rainfall
Flooding, landslides, subsidence, damaged facilities/
infrastructure/housing, increased erosion, siltation/
sedimentation of rivers, impact on fisheries and aquaculture,
productivity loss, economic losses to businesses 19
 IMPACT CHAIN ~ domino effect
Increased Intensity of Typhoons
Severe winds, damaged trees/crops, property/infrastructure
damage, flash flooding, landslides, subsidence, storm surge,
impact on fisheries and aquaculture, productivity loss
 
Less Rainfall (Drought)
Water loss, decrease in water availability, declining water
quality, health/sanitation issues, population decline in flora
and fauna, loss of agricultural crops/food supply, water use
conflict: irrigation vs. domestic, increased morbidity/
mortality, loss of income, food insecurity, hunger
 
Sea Level Rise
Coastal flooding, land loss, salt water intrusion, loss of fresh
groundwater supply, productivity loss 20
For Negros Oriental
province:
 it will get warmer
 Increasing Habagat, ITCZ rains
 More intense typhoons
passing
 increasing number of
hotter days

 decrease in seasonal
rainfall
PAGASA, 2011. Climate Change in the Philippines.
Department of Science and Technology - Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical & Astronomical Services
Administration (DOST-PAGASA). Funded under the
MDGF-1656 “Strengthening the Philippines Institutional
Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change”
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Bayawan City is vulnerable to future changes in
climatic conditions, including climate variability
and extremes – stronger typhoons, flooding, drought
Likely Impacts
Rainfall decrease
Water stress (both in quantity and quality), which in turn, will most likely
cascade into more adverse impacts, particularly on forestry, agriculture and
livelihood, health, business, and human settlement

Large decreases in rainfall and longer drier periods will affect the amount of
water in watersheds (reduced streamflow) and dams which provide
irrigation services to farmers, especially those in rain fed areas, thereby,
limiting agricultural production, causing food security problems, hunger

Rainfall increase
Flooding events would follow, and exacerbate occurrences of landslides,
subsidence, most especially, in ‘geologically weak’ areas like Bayawan City 22
La Niña events, Typhoons, and Floods – Bayawan City

La Niña 2010-12

1963 - 2019
TC Ining TC Titang TC Ramil, Yolanda
TC Nitang TC Ruping TC Nanang TC Milenyo
1964 1970 1984 1990 2001 2006 TC Pablo
TC Uring TC Sendong
La Niña 1975-76 1991 TD Ursula TC Frank TC Odette
2003 2008
2021

Average rainfall = 2,500mm

1981 2010

No 2015
? data

1987-1989
1963 23
2021
 El Niño events and Drought – Bayawan City
dry spell : 3 consecutive months of 21-60 % rainfall reduction

drought : either a dry spell that extends to 5 months, or at least 60 %

rainfall reduction for 3 consecutive months

El Niño 1972-73

1986-87

El Niño 1986-87

El Niño 1991-92

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 Bayawan City

FRAMEWORK STRATEGY
& PROGRAMS
Focus :
 Population
 Food Security
 Water Resources
 Ecosystem & Environment
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 Population
 Building Safe, Secure, Adaptive and Disaster
Resilient Communities Towards Sustainable
Development
(following NDRRM Framework, 2011-2028 and RDP, 2017-2022)

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 • Operationalization of DRRM at the grassroots level
• Empowering barangays to collectively reduce and
manage disaster risks on their own
Community IECs Trainings & Seminars

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ANNUAL Program for BARANGAY
DISASTER Resiliency & Preparedness

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 BDRRMP
Barangay Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Plan
Formulation Workshop
April 20, 2022
TLDC Building, New Government Center
Cabcabon Hills, Banga, Bayawan City

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Relocation of Government Center
New
Government
Center

floodplain

Sulu Sea

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 Relocation of Government Center
Old site

floodplain

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Relocation of coastal urban fisherfolks

Seawall Protection

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 Relocation
of landslide risk areas

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Bayawan City
LOCAL FLOOD EARLY
WARNING SYSTEM
BAYAWAN CITY, NEGROS ORIENTAL
FLOOD MONITORING: TRANSITIONING
FROM CONVENTIONAL TO SCIENTIFIC
BEFORE OCTOBER 6, 2013 FLOOD
PAGASA IS
THE ONLY
SOURCE OF
FLOOD
FORECASTS

WEATHER
STATIONS ARE
SOLELY USED
FOR
AGRICULTURAL
PURPOSES

NO 24/7 COMMAND CENTER

OCTOBER 6, 2013 FLOODING
 BAYAWAN
CITY
ALLOCATED
pHp 6.5M TO
INSTALL
AUTOMATED
LFEWS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM: AUTOMATIC
WEATHER MONITORING STATION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM: AUTOMATIC
WATER LEVEL MONITORING STATION
LFEWS 24/7 COMMAND CENTER DESIGN
NOVEMBER 2016, AUTOMATED LFEWS
IS ALREADY OPERATIONAL

KALAMTUKAN AND 3 OTHER

ULTRASONIC WATER LEVEL
STATIONS ARE ALREADY
TRANSMITTING REAL TIME WATER
LEVE STATUS. THE INSTALLATION
OF THE 2 REMAINING
ULTRASONIC WATER LEVEL
STATIONS IS CURRENTLY
ONGOING.
NOVEMBER 2016, AUTOMATED LFEWS
IS ALREADY OPERATIONAL
 TC QUINTA 2019
THRESHOLD FOR WARNING based on
WATER LEVEL (cm) at Canalum Bridge
700 12:00am
Flood peak
Flooding starts
600

500 1:17pm
440 CRITICAL
400 370 WARNING
300 270 ALERT

200
11:15am

100

Oct 24 Oct 25 peak

Oct 26
Local people anecdotal accounts Flood 44
 LFEWS ADVISORY
July 16, 2019 12:05 am LFEWS weather
update (all are normal)
 LFEWS ADVISORY
July 16, 2019 06:30 am LFEWS weather update
(Areas on Very High Flood Susceptibility are
already on Alert Level 2)
 Food Security
• Enhancement of LFEWS to
AGROMET Early Warning Systems (EWS) for severe
weather (floods, storm surges) and drought, farmers’ planning for
changes in cropping seasons,

• Planning for and developing resilient

livelihoods where traditional fishing/
agriculture are no longer viable

• Development of drought resistant crops

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Integrated Farming System Livestock Raising

Inland Fisheries Development Irrigation Canal Expansion

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 Water Resources
• Surface Water Supply & Uses
• Groundwater potential
• Water-related hazards

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 Ecosystem & Environment
Solid Waste Management & Ecology Center
Barangay Maninihon, Bayawan City

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Danapa Nature Park
Barangay Nangka, Bayawan City

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COASTAL FOREST

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 Slope stabilization

Plant propagation

Riverbank Protection

Forest Land Use Planning & Mngt

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“ It is better to plan when it is
not needed, than not to have
planned when it was necessary”
- Anonymous

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