WEEK 7 Q2 Policies Addressing Social Inequalities

POLICIES
ADDRESSING SOCIAL
INEQUALITIES
Global inequality as defined
by the Open Education
Sociology Dictionary refers to
the limitation of resources to
few core nations and a wealthy
minority of corporations or
individuals.
Global inequality refers to
inequality between ‘world
citizens’, comparing the
incomes of individuals across
the globe.
Factors that Cause Global Inequality
1. Access to healthcare- the lack of accessibility
to healthcare, doctors, nurses, medicines, vaccines
are likely to affect people from preventable
causes.
2. Economy-Some countries are
poorer/richer than others. This
means that they might not have
roads or hospitals, or schools.
Some people are also poorer/richer.
It means people might not have
jobs or clothing or food. Without a
good economy and good jobs,
people cannot afford basic needs.
3. Political stability -Not all places
have a stable government. Think of
all the ways that your government is
involved in your life (jobs,
schooling, roads, food production,
almost everything!).
Without a stable government, it is
hard to live in a place that is safe
and healthy.
4. Basic human rights and equality –
Not all places have the same basic rights.
Some places do not allow women to work or vote.
Some places persecute people who are LGBTQ.
There might be less rights related to job safety.
There might be less rights related to disability.
There might be less rights related to being a child, or a
senior citizen. These places have a shorter life expectancy,
especially for people who are directly affected.
5. Geography - Some places are
more dangerous naturally. If you
live in an active earthquake zone,
or somewhere extremely cold/hot,
or live in a place surrounded by
dangerous animals, it can shorten
the average life expectancy of that
area.
6. Education and access to
information -Education helps
people make their own lives better,
through jobs and opportunities. It
also helps a country become better,
with better solutions to their
problems.
7. Access to water, food, and
sanitation facilities -Not everyone
in the world has access to safe
drinking water that is not full of
bad germs or chemicals. Not
everyone has access to nutritious
food. Not everyone has access to
proper toilets and sewers. All these
things are important to stay healthy.
There are several ways to measure inequality. Generally, three
main methods can be distinguished:
a. Within- or intra-country
inequality, which addresses
income inequalities within a
country.
b. Between-, cross- or inter-

country inequality (also
referred to as international
inequality), which compares
income differences between
countries.
c. Global inequality,
which encompasses both
within- and between-
country inequalities.
ACTIVITY
Directions: Check if it is a YES or a NO
Statement YES NO
1. Do most people in your family or community have a
college/university degree or diploma?
2. Can most people in your family or community read and write
(that are old enough to do so)?
3. Do you have a place to call home, with a roof and walls?
4. Do you have an internet connection at home or at school?
5. Are you able to get safe drinking water?
6. Do you have enough good, nutritious food to eat?
Policies Addressing Social Inequalities:
◦To eradicate inequalities across the world,

there is governmental and non
governmental efforts through
implementation of institutional arrangements
on the field of fiscal, social, and economic
policy according to Agenda for International
Development
Pro-poor fiscal policy
◦In informal markets, fiscal
incentives for poorer
entrepreneurs can encourage them
to enter the formal sector, provide
social security for them, and they
make easier to pay taxes
according to status and profits.
Better Targeting of Social Program
• Better Targeting of Social Program Targeting helps to
reduce income inequality and inequalities related to
education and health.
• This can be done using geographic targeting (selecting
the regions with a higher prevalence of poverty) or using
surveys to estimate if a potential beneficiary is poor or
how poor she is.
• There is also the possibility of participatory targeting,
where people from the community identify and validate
the selection of beneficiaries.
Participatory Decision-Making
• This strategy focuses on
increasing the voice of the poor.
• Participation does not limit to

decision making, it can include
monitoring and evaluating results
and impact of social policies too.
Revision of legislative framework that foster inequality
This strategy can help to identify

discriminatory laws or laws that
generate inequalities among
people or regions. Laws that do
not recognize domestic labor as
productive; or social security
systems that do not provide
universal access.
Promotive action
 Discrimination against
certain groups of population
might isolate them and limit
their access to opportunities
for a better well being.
Addressing regional inequality
Improving access to roads,

communications and
markets can have a great
impact on reducing poverty
and opening opportunities
for marginalized groups.
Differentiated poverty reduction policies
 Extreme poverty is usually associated to systemic
inequality and chronic poverty. Meanwhile,
transient poverty is more related to the effect of
shocks and a higher social mobility rate.
 Different policies are needed to address each case
of poverty: a temporary employment programmed
might work for transient poverty, but it may be
inefficient for chronic poverty related, for
example, to a disability or to address poverty
experienced by refugees. Understanding the
dynamics of poverty can work to design more
efficient policies and having a bigger impact on
chronic poverty.
Measuring other inequalities, rather than just income
inequality
An example of this kind of inequalities

can be seen in more time spent on non-
paid activities by women; higher poverty
levels by indigenous groups; more
difficulties to start business activities by
poorest entrepreneurs; inequalities in
school attendance by women and several
others; limited access to markets (both
labor and goods).
Program monitoring and evaluation
Sound public expenditure
evaluation can determine if a
social programmed is being
efficient on reducing inequality or
poverty. Design, performance, and
impact evaluation can also increase
public support for social
programmed by demonstrating they
are effective.
ACTIVITY
Directions: Write an ACROSTIC on the word
INEQUALITY.
I-
N-
E-
Q-
U-
A-
L-
I-
T-
Y-
In the Philippines, according to the study of Albert
Jimenez in his Addressing the Inequality in the
Philippines, he emphasizes the significant role of the
government in addressing the issues and challenges in
eradication of the inequalities in all aspects of the
society of the Filipino nation whereas there are three
important values that is investigated to government
initiative in addressing these issues.
1. Cultural Patrimony- Social inequity tapers
when citizens work together with a single
mindset for their country. In truth, the love of the
country is important for national success.
Unfortunately, we have lost our national identity
because of western culture.
◦ Singapore, South Korea, and Vietnam were the poorest countries in
Asia half a century ago. Their national and cultural identity was a
critical bond that pushed citizens to move as one and save their
country. The Philippine government needs to unite the country
through programs that produce national pride and cultural
patrimony.
2. Godly Character- Corruption has always
been the disabler of successful government
programs.
◦ Therefore, ensuring a godly character
learned at the grassroots encourages honesty
and trustworthiness. Godliness has value.
◦ An expanded “Good Manners Right
Conduct” (GMRC) is an effective strategy
as a DepEd school curriculum. Filipino’s
harmonious nature, coupled with godly
character, ensures good governance,
respectful citizens, and hard-working
people.
3. Personal Responsibility- Filipinos should repeatedly be taught
that collectivism is a bad socialist idea. The government is not the
solution to social inequities but individual responsibility. We must
work on our individual growth that triggers positive social changes.
Collectivism the practice

or principle of giving a
group priority over each
individual in it.
Executive Order No. 43 s. 2011 organized the cabinet members
into clusters with key programs to building a social contract to
Filipino people addressing the challenges of the current issues that
deals with the inequalities in the society. The key programs are:
A. Good Governance and Anti-Corruption that will promote transparency,
accountability, and participatory governance.
B. Human Development focusing on the improvement of the quality of life

of the Filipinos with its key programs such as Human Development and
Poverty
C. Reduction Cluster, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (CCT), K to

12 Basic Education, Responsible Parenthood and Sin Taxes.
d. Economic Development Cluster shall focus on the promotion of
rapid, inclusive, and sustained economic growth. The programs under
this cluster are the Public-Private Partnership and Philippine
Development Plan 2011- 2016.
e. Security Cluster shall ensure the preservation of national sovereignty and the
rule of law; and focus on the protection and promotion of human rights and the
pursuit of a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace. (National Security Policy
2011-2016 and PAMANA Program)
f. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Cluster shall focus
on the conservation, and protection of the environment and natural
resources. It shall take the lead in pursuing measures to adapt to and
mitigate the effects of climate change on the Philippine archipelago;
and undertake all the necessary preparation for both natural and
man-made disasters. (Project NOAH and National Green Program)
ACTIVITY
Directions: Complete the
table below enumerating the
causes, effects, and solutions
to Global Inequality. (15pts.)
CAUSES EFFECTS SOLUTIONS
1. 6. 11.
2. 7. 12.
3. 8. 13.
4. 9. 14.
5. 10. 15.
Assignment
Bring the following:
• 2 Long Bond Paper

• Marker
• Crayons
• Pencil
Directions: Write a slogan about
your advocacy in promoting the
eradication of inequality in the
Philippines. (15 points)
Rubrics:
Relevance – 5
Presentation - 5
Content - 10
TOTAL - 20

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POLICIES

b. Between-, cross- or inter-

◦To eradicate inequalities across the world,

• Participation does not limit to

This strategy can help to identify

Improving access to roads,

An example of this kind of inequalities

Collectivism the practice

B. Human Development focusing on the improvement of the quality of life

C. Reduction Cluster, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (CCT), K to

• 2 Long Bond Paper

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