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    2.4 Circulatory System

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    Udesh Raj
    The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps oxygenated blood through the arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart through veins. Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste from cells. Arteries have thick muscular walls to pump blood from the heart while veins have thinner walls and one-way valves to return blood to the heart at lower pressure. Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure can indicate how hard the heart is working.

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    2.4 Circulatory System

    Uploaded by

    Udesh Raj
    43 views8 pages
    The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps oxygenated blood through the arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart through veins. Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste from cells. Arteries have thick muscular walls to pump blood from the heart while veins have thinner walls and one-way valves to return blood to the heart at lower pressure. Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure can indicate how hard the heart is working.

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    The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps oxygenated blood through the arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart through veins. Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste from cells. Arteries have thick muscular walls to pump blood from the heart while veins have thinner walls and one-way valves to return blood to the heart at lower pressure. Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure can indicate how hard the heart is working.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views8 pages

    2.4 Circulatory System

    Uploaded by

    Udesh Raj
    The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps oxygenated blood through the arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart through veins. Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste from cells. Arteries have thick muscular walls to pump blood from the heart while veins have thinner walls and one-way valves to return blood to the heart at lower pressure. Monitoring heart rate and blood pressure can indicate how hard the heart is working.

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    The circulatory system

    • Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the


    body’s cells, and waste products away from
    them. The circulatory system consists of:

    • the heart, which is the muscular pump that


    keeps the blood moving

    • the arteries, which carry blood away from


    the heart

    • the veins, which return blood to the heart

    • the capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels


    that are close to the body’s cells. The diagram outlines the circulatory system. To
    make things clear, oxygenated blood is shown in
    red, and deoxygenated blood in blue.
    Arteries and veins
    • The arteries carry blood from the heart while
    veins return blood to it. With both, their
    structure is related to their function.

    Arteries
    • Blood in the arteries is under high pressure
    generated by the heart. The arteries have:
    a) thick outer walls
    b) thick layers of muscle and elastic fibres.

    Veins
    • The blood in veins is under lower pressure than • Unlike arteries, veins
    the blood in arteries. The veins have: have one-way valves in them
    a) thin walls to keep the blood moving in
    b) thin layers of muscle and elastic fibres. the correct direction.
    Capillaries

    • The function of capillaries is to allow food and


    oxygen to diffuse to cells while waste is
    diffused from cells.

    • Capillaries have thin walls - only one cell thick


    - that allow them to effectively perform their
    function.

    https://youtu.be/v43ej5lCeBo

    https://youtu.be/AlSQEs694qY

    Capillary cross-section shows


    thin walls
    Monitoring the heart
    • Sometimes the heart has to
    work harder: for example,
    when it becomes clogged
    up with fatty deposits.

    • One way to check how hard


    the heart is working is to
    measure your pulse
    rate(usually taken on the
    inside of your wrist); this
    measures the number of
    times your heart beats per
    minute.
    • Another, more accurate way of checking
    how hard your heart is working is
    measuring blood pressure. This records the
    pressure put on the walls of the artery by
    the blood.

    • The measurement is recorded as two


    numbers, for example 140/90. The higher
    number (140) show the pressure when the
    heart is contracting. The lower number
    shows the pressure when the heart is
    relaxing.
    The heart

    • The heart is a muscular organ. It keeps beating at


    about 70 times per minute. You can see how it
    pumps the blood to the lungs and the rest of the
    body by studying this animation.

    • The muscle cells in the heart need a constant


    supply of oxygen and nutrients, and for their waste
    products to be removed. So the heart requires its
    own blood supply in order to keep beating.

    • Blood vessels called the coronary arteries supply


    blood to the heart muscles. If they become
    blocked, a heart attack can happen.
    In the UK about 300,000 people have a heart
    attack every year.
    Heart attacks

    • A heart attack can happen because:


    Fatty deposits build up in the
    coronary arteries

    • A blood clot can form on a fatty


    deposit.
    The blood clot can block a coronary
    artery

    • Some heart muscle cells do not get


    the oxygen and nutrients they
    need. These cells start to die.

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