001_2025_Gr12_Rev_Ch06_A4

Dr Vince Grade 12 Chapter 6 Revision 1
01: Quizzes from Review and Exercises

R088: Why is the speed of sound higher in solids than in liquids and gases?
Q01: Sound travels faster in moist or humid air. Why is this?
Q02: Name the factors on which the speed of sound in a gas depends.
Q04: An astronaut on the Moon’s surface is unable to hear the sound of the rocket thrusters of his
lunar lander craft. Explain why?
R090: Why are the walls and the roof of an auditorium covered with sound-absorbent materials?
Q08: Define echo. Give its two applications.
Q09: Why is the intensity of an echo less than that of the original sound?
R092: (1) Why can infrasound not be heard by humans?
Q10: Elephants and [blue] whales are known to use infrasound to communicate over very large
distances. What are the advantages of infrasound for long-distance communication?
Q05: (i) Why is ultrasound used in medical imaging rather than sound waves of audible frequencies
or lower?
E6.6: Elephants communicate over a long distance (up to 4 km) using sound with fundamental
frequencies as low as 15 Hz. A rhinoceros uses frequencies down to 10 Hz. (i) Why are elephants
able to talk to one another over such a long distance? (ii) Can rhinoceros be able to communicate
over long distances further than 4 km? Why?
Q14: Is there a Doppler shift if the source and the observer move in the same direction, with the same
velocity? Explain.
R097: In terms of loudness and pitch, how would you compare the sounds made by a mosquito flying
near your ear and the cracking of a toad? [p. 97]
02: Calculations from Examples, Review and Exercises

E6.1: What is the speed of sound in (i) a steel rod (ii) water? Young’s modulus of steel is 20 × 1010 N m-2 and
density of steel is 7.8 × 103 kg m-3. The bulk modulus of water is 0.22 × 1010 N m-2 and density of water
is 103 kg m-3. [p. 86]
E6.2: Calculate the velocity of sound in air at STP. The density of air at STP is 1.29 kg m-3. Assume
air to be diatomic with γ = 1.4. Also calculate the velocity of sound in air at 27 °C. [p. 86]
Q03: The speed of sound in a particular liquid is 1.6 × 103 m s-1. If the bulk modulus of the liquid is
0.15 × 1010 N m-2, what is the density of the liquid? [p. 97]
R088: (2) If the intensity of sound is doubled, by how many decibels does the sound level increase?
E6.3: At a busy street corner, the intensity level of sound is 70 dB. What is the intensity of sound in W m-2?
E6.4: What value of sound intensity in dB increases by a factor of 1000? [p. 088]
E6.5: A bat flying at a speed of 20 m s-1 towards a stationary moth emits a sound wave of 340 m s-1.
The bat hears the echoes 0.4 s later. (i) Calculate the distance travelled by the bat in 0.4 s. (ii)
Calculate the distance travelled by the sound wave in 0.4 s. (iii) Determine the initial distance
between the bat and the moth. [p. 89]
2 Grade 12 Chapter 6 Revision Dr Vince
R089: (1) The sole survivor of a shipwreck has swum to an island, which is 3000 m from a vertical
cliff. He sees a ship anchored between the island and the cliff. A blast from the ship horn is heard
twice with the time elapse of 4 s. Calculate the distance between the ship and the survivor. (Speed
of sound in air = 330 m s-1) [p. 89]
R092: (2) A piezoelectric transducer produces ultrasound at a frequency of 10 MHz. Calculate the
wavelength of this ultrasound in blood if the speed of ultrasound in blood is 1560 m s-1. [p. 92]
E6.6: Elephants communicate over a long distance (up to 4 km) using sound with fundamental
frequencies as low as 15 Hz. A rhinoceros uses frequencies down to 10 Hz. (i) Why are elephants
able to talk to one another over such a long distance? (ii) Can rhinoceros be able to communicate
over long distances further than 4 km? Why? [p. 92]
Q11: A sonar echo returns to a submarine 1.2 s after being emitted. What is the distance to the object
creating the echo? (Assume the velocity of sound in ocean water is 1500 m s-1.) [p. 98]
Q05: (ii) The frequencies used in imaging are typically in the range of 1 to 15 MHz. What is the range
of wavelengths in human tissue where the velocity of sound is 1540 m s-1? [p. 97]
Q06: The velocity of ultrasound in the lung (inclusive air), fat, and skull bone are 600 m s-1, 1450 m s-1,
and 4080 m s-1 respectively. What are the wavelengths of ultrasound if the sound waves at 2 MHz
are used? [p. 97]
Q07: To get a better resolution, higher frequencies ultrasound is used but at the expense of less
penetration because sound waves are attenuated within a distance of about 50λ in tissue. If the
velocity of sound in soft tissue is 1500 m s-1 and the mean depth of the thyroid is 0.75 cm, what
is the most suitable frequency of ultrasound to diagnose the thyroid? [p. 97]
E6.7: An ambulance travelling at 44 m s-1 approaches a car heading in the same direction at the speed
of 28 m s-1. The ambulance driver has a siren sounding at 550 Hz. At what frequency does the
driver of the car hear the siren? (speed of siren sound v = 330 m s-1) [p. 93]
R095: (1) An ambulance travelling at 44 m s-1 approaches a car heading in the same direction at the
speed of 28 m s-1. The ambulance driver has a siren sounding at 550 Hz. What will be the
frequency of the siren heard by the driver of the car when the ambulance overtakes his car?
R095: (2) A monorail approaches a platform at a speed of 50 m s-1 blowing its whistle. A man standing
on the platform hears, the whistle with a frequency of 261 Hz. There is no wind and the
temperature is chilly at 0 °C. What is the observed frequency of the whistle when the train is at
rest? (The speed of sound in air at 0 °C is 332 m s-1) [p. 95]
Q12: (i) What frequency is received by a person watching an oncoming ambulance moving at 110 km h-1
and emitting a steady 800 Hz sound from its siren? The speed of sound on this day is 345 m s-1.
(ii) What frequency does she receive after the ambulance has passed? [p. 98]
Dr Vince Grade 12 Chapter 6 Revision 3
Q13: A 5000 Hz sound wave is emitted by a stationary source. This sound reflects from an object
moving 3.5 m s-1 toward the source. What is the frequency of the wave reflected by the moving
object as detected by a detector at rest near the source? [velocity of sound is 343 m s-1.] [p. 98]
E6.8: Calculate the displacement of air molecules for a sound having a frequency of 1000 Hz at the threshold
of hearing. The speed of sound in air is 343 m s-1 at 20 °C, and the density of air is 1.29 kg m-3. [p. 96]
03: Drawings
1. Figure 6.1 Echolocation of bat
2. Figure 6.3 (b) Illustration of use of sonar in a ship
3. Figure Lower pitch vs higher pitch
4. Figure Quiet sound vs loud sound
04: Quizzes from Notes
1. Discuss the properties of the media which affect the sound propagation.
2. Write down the equation to calculate the velocity of sound in a solid medium.
3. Write down the equation to calculate the velocity of sound in a liquid medium.
4. Write down the equation to calculate the sound velocity in a gas medium.
5. Write down the formula for the intensity level of sound.
6. What are the conditions required to hear echo?
7. What can we do to reduce the effect of echo in buildings?
8. How do padding, rugs and carpets reduce the effects of echo?
9. What is echolocation?
10. What is a reverberation?
11. What is infrasound?
12. What is ultrasound?
13. Explain how the audible frequency range is determined.
14. A vibrating ruler can be seen but not heard its vibrating sound. Why?
15. What does sonar mean?
16. Give an example of the use of sonar.
17. What is the Doppler effect?
18. Give an example of a Doppler shift.
19. What are the three cases we encounter in the Doppler effect?
20. Express the Doppler equation.
21. Why does the observed wavelength of light from a star observed from the earth shift when there
is relative motion between the earth and the star?
22. What does radar mean?
23. What is radar?
24. Give some examples of using Doppler effect in radar.
25. What is pitch?
26. Explain the statement “The greater the amplitude, the louder the note.”
27. What is the quality of a sound?
28. What is the intensity of a sound?

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Dr Vince Grade 12 Chapter 6 Revision 1

01: Quizzes from Review and Exercises

02: Calculations from Examples, Review and Exercises

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