Power Sharing

Civics
CHAPTER 1 -POWER SHARING

1.Belgium
 A small fucking country in Europe.

 Shares borders with France, Netherlands and
Germany.
 It’s population= a little over 1 crore
 59% Dutch live in Flemish region
 40% French live in Wallonia region
 1% German live in eastern borders
 In Brussels 80% speak French, 20% speak Dutch
Cause of Problem in Belgium
 Minority French was rich and powerful in

comparison to Dutch
 There was another fucking problem that
Dutch were in a minority in their capital.
 This led to tensions between French and
Dutch
Accommodation in Belgium
 The leaders of Belgium recognised existence

of regional differences and cultural
diversities.
 Between 1970 and 1993 their fucking
constitution was amended four times.
 The elements of Belgian model are
• Their fucking constitution says that number of French and
Dutch minister shall be equal in their fucking central
government
•Decentralisation of the nation was done
•Brussels got its own fucking government, here also the
number of French and Dutch ministers shall be equal as
French got equal representation in central government.
• A community government was made , which was elected to
people of one community Dutch, French and German
•Brussels is now the capital of EU

2. Sri Lanka
 It has population of 2crore.

 Its ethnic composition is –
 74% Sinhala
 18% Tamil- Indian Tamil (5%) and Sri Lankan
Tamil (13%)
 Most Sinhala speakers were Buddhist
whereas tamil speakers were hindu or K2A
Cause of Problem in Lanka
 Sri Lanka got independence in 1948( Ceylon)

 Sinhala leaders formed their government as
they were in majority
 The adopted policy of “Majoritarianism”
 In 1956, an act was passed to recognise
Sinhala as the only official language of Lanka
disregarding Tamil.
 Government followed policies that favoured
Sinhala applicants over Tamil.
Result of all this Shit
 The Tamils felt alienated and thought that no

major political party led by buddhist leader is
interested in theri fucking language and
fucking culture
 As a result their relation with sinhala’s ruined
and it turned into a civil war
Demands of Tamils
 wanted rocognition of tamil as an official

language
 Equality of job opportunity
 Regional Autonomy
 By 1980 several political organisations were
formed demanding for a seperate Tamil state
Case of India*
 India as 74% hindus and 23% muslims at the

time of partition
 The muslims feared that in a hindu majority
nation their rights will be suppressed
 So they rose demands for seperate state
called “Poopistan”
 This led to partition of India
*not from examination point of view
Conculsion from these 2
stories
 Both were democracies but they dealt with
power sharing differently.
 In Belgium the leaders realised that unity of
nation is possible only by respecting feelings
of every region and language
 But Sri Lanka did everything opposite . Which
shows us that if a majority community will try
to impose its influence over minority it can be
devastating.
Why Power sharing is needed?
Prudential reason-
1. Power sharing is good because it helps to
reduce the possibility of conflict between social
groups
2. It ensures political stability
3. “Tyranny of the majority is not just oppressive
for minority but can bring to majority as well”
Moral reason-
 People have a right to be consulted on how

they are to be governed
 A legitimate government is one where
citizens through participation aquire take in
the system*
*these lines are copied as it is from ncert book

Forms of Power sharing
1. Among organs
 Power is shared among different among
different organs of the government
 Legislature----Executive-----Judiciary
 This is called horizontal power sharing
 It ensures that no organ exercise unlimited
powers
 It is also called checks and balance system
2. At different levels of
government
 Center---State---Local
 The consitution lays down power of each
level of government
 Union List, State List, Residuary Subjects,
Concurrent list
 This is called federal division of power
3. Among different socialgrp
 Religious and linguistic group, for example-

‘Community Government’ in Belgium
 Reservations
 This arrangement is done to give space in the
gov and administration to other social groups
who feel “alienated” from the government
4. Among political parties,
pressure groups and
movements
These control and influence those in power

EX- agar kahi dharna lag jaye jaise kisan
andolan jaha modi k khilaf bawal ho gya tha

Power Sharing

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Civics

CHAPTER 1 -POWER SHARING

 A small fucking country in Europe.

 Minority French was rich and powerful in

 The leaders of Belgium recognised existence

•Brussels is now the capital of EU

 It has population of 2crore.

 Sri Lanka got independence in 1948( Ceylon)

 The Tamils felt alienated and thought that no

 wanted rocognition of tamil as an official

 India as 74% hindus and 23% muslims at the

 People have a right to be consulted on how

*these lines are copied as it is from ncert book

 Religious and linguistic group, for example-

These control and influence those in power

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