Fall Protection

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FALL PROTECTION

SAFETY TRAINING MODULE


Introduction and Objectives
2

 Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in the


construction industry.
 This training material will explain the
requirements designed to prevent falls and
the required protective devices and practices.
 The result should be greater understanding
of fall hazards in construction including
other tasks performed above ground, as well
as safer execution when performing
such jobs while using personal
fall arrest systems.
General Requirements
3

 Fall prevention and protection must be


approached systematically
 Hazard identification planning - JSA and
Toolbox meeting (pre-task planning by
employee)
 Supervisor's role and executing their
responsibilities
 Engineering controls to “engineer out”
falls
 Personal fall protection systems
 Personal fall arrest systems
 Use of personal protective
equipment (PPE) is dependent upon
the type of fall hazard.
 PPE should not be the first option to
protect against falls.
Equipment Required
General Requirements (cont.)
4

 PPE provides protection by minimizing and/or


neutralizing fall hazards.
 All employees are responsible for inspecting, cleaning,
and maintaining their PPE.
 Employees must be properly
trained to use PPE.

Equipment Inspection
What Happens in a Fall?
5

 At first, before fall-arrest equipment begins to work, you free-fall


and accelerate.
 After your free-fall distance, the system activates.
 It then takes more distance, called the deceleration distance, to
bring you to a full stop.
 Fall arrest force stops your fall.
 This fall arrest force hits your body through the straps of the
harness.
 This sudden jolt can damage your spine or internal organs.
 To prevent these injuries, fall arrest equipment often has a
braking system to absorb the fall arrest force.
 Body harnesses also help by distributing the force
more evenly.
Supervisor Responsibilities
6

 Supervisors must carefully review and plan each job


 Look for fall exposures
 Try to engineer out fall exposures
 Consider all options/methods to eliminate and/or reduce fall
exposures
 Sequence of work
 Alternative access
 Alternative
protection
Planning
7

 Must include the use of Job Safety Analysis


 Break the job into logical steps
 Identify the hazards
 Develop suitable solutions
 Communicate plan to
employees
 Include employees in
pre-task planning

Job Hazard Analysis


Eliminates Hazards
Total Systems Approach
8

 Identify hazards for each job: 6-ft (1.8 meters) trigger


 Written plan detailing: what, who, when, and how
 Thorough understanding of plan’s requirements
 Training: employees and
supervisors
 Hazard identification
 Proper use, installation,
care, and inspection of PPE
 Selection of equipment
 Rescue - plan, equipment, and
team
Identify Hazards
9

 Walking and working surfaces,  Precast concrete structural


including ramps and runways members being put up
 Unprotected leading edges of  Areas where overhead work
floors, roofs, forms are performed
 Faces of forms or reinforcing  Wall openings
steel  Areas above equipment, such
 Hoist areas as machinery, electrical
 Floor / roof penetrations equipment, degreasing units,
or anything that could create a
 Edges of excavations
hazard if you fall on or in it.
 Roofs of various pitches
Written Plan
10

Provides guidelines to provide maximum


protection against falls with a goal (requirement) of
100 percent fall protection, including:
 Planning
 Identifying fall hazards - who and how exposed
 Providing safe access and egress to elevated areas
 Selecting fall protection - prevention vs. protection
 Training employees and supervisors
 Inspection, care and maintenance of PPE
 Primary fall protection systems
Training
11

Employees shall be trained in the following:


 Recognition of fall hazards - minimize exposure
 Proper use of fall protection equipment
 Proper installation of fall protection devices
 Proper inspection, storage,
and care of fall protection
equipment
 Use and operation of
guardrail systems, personal fall
arrest systems, safety nets, and
other systems
Selection of Equipment
12

Selection should be compatible with type of work


and particular hazard. Select from the following:
 Guardrails
 Safety nets

 Personal fall arrest

 Positioning devices

 Warning lines
Rescue Plan
13

Employees can be rescued from:


 Overhead work/steel erection
 Confined spaces

 Excavations / trenches

Plan should include:


 Activation
 Rescue personnel

 Rescue equipment

 Response training

Serious health consequences


Safeguarding Against Falls
14

Basic Steps To Follow:


 Identify exposure
 Remove hazard
 Protect worker from hazard
 Select appropriate fall protection system
 Follow proper construction and installation methods
 Communicate clearly with employees
 Have a complete understanding of
requirements, procedures, etc.
 Use safe work practices
Methods of Protection
15

 Guardrail systems,  Personal fall arrest


including scaffolds system
 Mobile scaffolds  Full body harness
 Personnel lifting Safety belts not
baskets allowed
 Anchorage,
 Ladders connectors
 Temporary work  Deceleration devices
platforms  Rope grabs
 Safety nets  Life lines
Controlling Fall Hazards
16

Supervisors must plan work activities to minimize


fall exposures. Here are some examples:
 Provide work platforms with guarded sides and safe
access
 Incorporate fall protection into work tasks:

 Use of aerial lift to perform task


 Static lines as part of job setup
 Schedule delivery of material (e.g., pipe,
fittings, plate, grating) to coincide
with installation activities
Personal Fall Protection Systems
17

A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working


level, consisting of:
 Fall restraining device - full body harness
used to prevent free fall
 Lanyard - (with locking double-locking snaphooks and shock-
absorber)
 Do not latch back onto lanyard
 Connectors (D-ring)
 Anchorage (tie-off point)
 Deceleration device* (retractable, SRL,)
 Lifeline* (horizontal or vertical)
* May be included or some combination
Use of Personal fall protection
18

 Around unprotected sides and edges


 Leading edge work

 Around hoist areas while loading or unloading

 Form and reinforcing steel work

 Elevated Work

 Low sloped or steep roofs

 Precast concrete work

 Floor penetrations
Primary Fall Protection System (cont.)
19

 Provide walking/working surface in elevated areas that are


free from openings and equipped with:
 Standard guardrails all Elevated Surface Area
open sides
 Gate closure for ladders
and other access openings
 Include the following:
 Scaffolds
 Aerial lifts
 Articulating booms
 Approved personnel hoists
Secondary Fall Protection System
20

Safety Harness/Lanyard System


 These systems must be worn and used as backup to (or
in the absence of) a primary fall protection system
 Use the harness attachment point located in the center of the back
 Lanyard must be attached to D-ring located in middle back of
harness, tied off at waist level or higher and must have a shock-
absorbing device
 Positioning devices must be attached to D-rings at
the harness belt location (waist)
 Snap hooks must be positive locking
and self-closing
 Do not latch back onto lanyard
Secondary Fall Protection System
21

 Body harnesses, lanyards,  Rope Grab / vertical life


anchorage points
 May require some
 Beam Strap
manipulation by user
Lifelines
22

Two Types - Horizontal and Vertical


 Must be designed, installed, and used under supervision
of qualified person
 Must have minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds

per person
 Must be protected against being cut, abraded, or burnt

 Vertical lines require individual lines for each employee

 Horizontal lines shall be 1/2-inch cable minimum,

secured with at least three correctly installed cable


clamps
 Inspect lines before each use
Retractable Reel Lifelines / Self Retracting Lifelines
23

Proper installation and use:


 Secure with shackles, carbiners, and wire rope
slings; must be capable of supporting 5,000-pound
impact loading
 Attach tag line rope to extend device to elevations

below point of attachment


 Used during steel erection before installation

of other fall protection systems reel


 Only one worker can be attached

to a retractable lifeline
Other Devices
24

 Safety nets
 Ladders
 Temporary platforms
and walkways
 Aerial lifts
 Crane-hoisted
personnel baskets
Safety Nets
25

 May be used in some situations as secondary fall protection


and must be installed:
 By qualified personnel following manufacturer’s specifications
 As close to the work as possible, but no more than 30-feet below
 To extend outward from
edge as indicated
 Drop-tested or certified
before use
 Inspected daily
 Cleaned of fallen scrap
ASAP and before next
shift
Ladders
26

While climbing or working from ladders:


 Wear and use approved fall protection
 Temporary construction ladders will extend at
least 3 ft (.9 m) above landing and shall be
secured—have another
employee hold the
ladder at the bottom until
it is secured
 Use both hands and do
not carry material
 Three-point contact
Temporary Work Platforms / Walkways
27

 Every effort should be made to ensure that temporary


platforms, walkways, scaffolds, etc., are: (a) equipped
with solid decks, (b) free from openings, (c) equipped
with kick plates, and (d) provided with guardrail systems.
 Employees shall wear fall protection and
secure lanyards at all times while working
or traveling on temporary platforms / walkways.
 Lanyard must be anchored if employee is
required to lean through or over
protective railing.
Aerial Lifts
28

Only authorized, qualified, and trained


personnel are permitted to use devices .
When riding/working from these devices:
 Do not tie off to any adjacent

pole or structure outside the


device you occupy
 Tie-off to device

 Wear fall protection equipment

 Place lift on solid and level

surface
 Observe the device limits

Aerial Lift
in Use
Crane Hoisted Personnel Baskets
29

When riding / working from these


devices:
 Wear approved fall protection

 Secure lanyard to the basket’s

anchorage point at all times


 Observe the load limit

 Follow requirements in Suspended

Personnel Platforms Procedures


Skeletal Steel / Open Structures
30

While traveling or working in


elevated skeletal steel or open
structures more than 6 ft (1.8 m)
above ground, you must wear and
use personal fall protection
equipment —
 Two lanyards may be required
for 100 percent tie off
 Ladders and personnel hoist
should be used whenever
possible
 Lifeline systems shall be
installed for fall protection if
scaffolds are not used
Proper Use of Fall Protection Systems
31

Demonstrate the proper way to put on and use the


following:
a. Full body harness
b. Positioning device
c. Anchorage
d. Lanyard
e. Snap-hook
f. Tying off
Inspection and Maintenance
32

You are responsible for inspecting your personal fall


arrest system before you use it. Do not use equipment
that has:
 Cuts, tears, or  Nonfunctioning parts
abrasions  Tongues that don't fit the

 Undue stretching shoulder of buckles


 Mold  Sign of contact with fire,

 Sign of deterioration acid, or other corrosives


 Alterations or additions
 Distorted hooks or

faulty hook springs


Inspection and Maintenance (Continued)
33

 Inspect before use each


day
 Inspect rings, snap hooks,
buckles, and belts for sign
of deterioration and cracks

 Inspect for cuts, tears,


burns, and chemical
contact
 Remove from service if

defective or if exposed
Summary - Good Practices
34
Quiz
35

1. T or F Contractors provides fall protection equipment


when hazards exist—and requires employees to
use the equipment.
2. T or F After receiving training you must properly select,
inspect, maintain, and use personal fall protection
equipment.
3. T or F People never die from accidental falls.
Quiz (Continued)
36

4. T or F A systematic approach should be used for


handling falls – identifying hazard, supervisor plan
out falls and focus on prevention, engineering
controls to remove fall hazards, selection of fall
protection, training of requirements, inspection
and maintenance.
5. T or F Supervisors play a key role in planning the fall
prevention methods for a job and must
communicate the plan to the workers
6. The first option to protect against falls should be:
__ Fall Protection __ Engineering Controls
Quiz (Continued)
37

7. T or F Higgs & Hill / ALEC JV requires 100% fall


protection while exposed to unprotected falls
greater or equal to 6 ft (1.8 m)
8. T or F A guardrail system is a method of protection
from falls
9. T or F A pre-analysis check for hazards in
the job's work area is the first
step in job hazard analysis.
10. You should inspect all fall protection devices
__ Daily or before each use __ Weekly

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