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    04 Crystalline Solids

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    Ryan M. Ramlawi
    The document discusses the properties of crystalline solids. It describes how crystalline solids have a regular, repeating arrangement of components that form a lattice structure, while amorphous solids do not. It then categorizes crystalline solids into four main types - network covalent, ionic, metallic, and molecular - based on the atomic or molecular components that make up the lattice and the types of bonds holding them together. Each type of crystalline solid is described in terms of its structure, bonding, and general physical properties like melting point and electrical/thermal conductivity.

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    04 Crystalline Solids

    Uploaded by

    Ryan M. Ramlawi
    16 views17 pages
    The document discusses the properties of crystalline solids. It describes how crystalline solids have a regular, repeating arrangement of components that form a lattice structure, while amorphous solids do not. It then categorizes crystalline solids into four main types - network covalent, ionic, metallic, and molecular - based on the atomic or molecular components that make up the lattice and the types of bonds holding them together. Each type of crystalline solid is described in terms of its structure, bonding, and general physical properties like melting point and electrical/thermal conductivity.

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    The document discusses the properties of crystalline solids. It describes how crystalline solids have a regular, repeating arrangement of components that form a lattice structure, while amorphous solids do not. It then categorizes crystalline solids into four main types - network covalent, ionic, metallic, and molecular - based on the atomic or molecular components that make up the lattice and the types of bonds holding them together. Each type of crystalline solid is described in terms of its structure, bonding, and general physical properties like melting point and electrical/thermal conductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views17 pages

    04 Crystalline Solids

    Uploaded by

    Ryan M. Ramlawi
    The document discusses the properties of crystalline solids. It describes how crystalline solids have a regular, repeating arrangement of components that form a lattice structure, while amorphous solids do not. It then categorizes crystalline solids into four main types - network covalent, ionic, metallic, and molecular - based on the atomic or molecular components that make up the lattice and the types of bonds holding them together. Each type of crystalline solid is described in terms of its structure, bonding, and general physical properties like melting point and electrical/thermal conductivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Properties of

    Crystalline Solids
    Solids
    Two major types.
    Amorphous- those with much
    disorder in their structure.
    Crystalline- have a regular
    arrangement of components in
    their structure.
    Glass is an optically transparent fusion
    product of inorganic materials that has cooled
    to a rigid state without crystallizing

    Crystalline Non-crystalline
    quartz (SiO2) quartz glass
    11.7
    Crystals

    Form a Lattice- a three dimensional


    grid that describes the locations of
    the pieces in a crystalline solid.
    Unit Cell-The smallest repeating unit
    in of the lattice.
    lattice
    point

    Unit Cell Unit cells in 3 dimensions


    At lattice points:
     Atoms
     Molecules
     Ions
    11.4
    6

    Types of Crystalline Solids


    Network Covalent Solids
    Ionic Solids
    Metallic Solids
    Molecular Solids
    Network Covalent Crystals
    Lattice points occupied by atoms
    Held together by covalent bonds
    Hard, extremely high melting point
    Poor conductor of heat and electricity
    Includes the allotropes of Carbon,
    quartz (SiO2), silicon, & silicon carbide
    ONLY.
    Carbon- A Special Atomic Solid
    There are three types of solid carbon.
    Coal, amorphous (not crystalline).
    Diamond- hardest natural substance on
    earth, insulates both heat and electricity.
    Graphite- brittle, slippery, conducts
    electricity.
    The atoms in these network solids are
    connected differently which accounts for
    their unique properties.
    carbon
    atoms

    diamond graphite

    11.6
    Fullerenes & Carbon Nanotubes
    Synthetic—Carbon
    Allotrope
    Many Carbon atoms
    with spherical or
    elliptical shapes
    Strong s bonds.
    Ionic Crystals
     Lattice points occupied by cations and anions
     Held together by electrostatic attraction
     High melting point, Low Vapor Pressure
     Brittle due to the repulsion of like charges
     Conduct heat and electricity only when ions are
    mobile. (Liquid or Aqueous)

    CsCl ZnS CaF2 11.6


    Metallic Crystals
     Lattice points occupied by metal atoms
     Held together by metallic bonds
     Soft to hard, low to high melting point
     Good conductors of heat and electricity
    Cross Section of a Metallic Crystal

    nucleus &
    inner shell e-

    mobile “sea”
    of e-

    11.6
    Alloys-Mixtures of Metals
    Two Types: Interstitial and Substitutional
    • In an interstitial alloy, the atoms tend
    to make the lattice more ridged

    Copper Steel Brass, Bronze,


    (Iron & Carbon) Pewter
    FYI: Stainless Steel is actually both Interstitial and
    Substitutional because it also incorporates chromium.
    Molecular Crystals
     Lattice points occupied by molecules
     Held together by intermolecular forces
     Soft solids with Low melting point
     Poor conductor of heat and electricity
     Tend to become very large biomolecules
    or polymers.

    11.6
    Types of Crystals
    &
    General Properties
    See Page 475

    11.6
    Sort the following into the four
    categories of Crystalline solids.
    CO2
    SiO2 Network Covalent Ionic
    Si
    CH4
    Ru
    I2
    Metallic Molecular
    KBr
    H2O
    NaOH
    U
    CaCO3
    Now Sort the same compounds
    from Highest to Lowest Melting
    Point CO2
    SiO2
    Si
    CH4
    Ru
    I2
    KBr
    H2O
    NaOH
    U
    CaCO3
    PH3

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