• Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA).
• Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and
INTRODUCTIO Health Act.
N TO OSHA • Established and authorized in 1971.
STANDARDS • Aim: ensure employee safety and health in the
US by working with employers and employees to
create better working environments.
• OSHA is part of the U.S. Department of Labor.
INTRODUCTI • CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
• 29 CFR 1910 – Occupational Health and Safety
ON TO OSHA Standards for General Industry
STANDARDS • Standards that are either national consensus
standards or federal standards already
established by Federal statutes or regulations.
 • 29 CFR 1910 MAJOR SUBPARTS:
• Subpart J - General Environmental Controls
INTRODUCTI • Subpart K - Medical and First Aid
ON TO OSHA • Subpart L - Fire Protection
STANDARDS • Subpart M - Compressed Gas
• Subpart N - Materials Handling
• Subpart O - Machinery and Machine Guarding
• Subpart P - Tools
 • REGULATIONS (STANDARDS - 29 CFR)
INTRODUCTI • 1926 SUBPART H:
ON TO OSHA • 1926.250 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
STORAGE.
STANDARDS • 1926.251 - RIGGING EQUIPMENT FOR
MATERIAL HANDLING.
• 1926.252 - DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS.
 • 1926.250 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE.
INTRODUCTI • 1926.250(B)(1): MATERIAL STORED INSIDE BUILDINGS
UNDER CONSTRUCTION SHALL NOT BE PLACED WITHIN 6
ON TO OSHA FEET OF ANY HOISTWAY OR INSIDE FLOOR OPENINGS, NOR
WITHIN 10 FEET OF AN EXTERIOR WALL WHICH DOES NOT
STANDARDS EXTEND ABOVE THE TOP OF THE MATERIAL STORED.
• 1926.250(B)(4): BAGGED MATERIALS SHALL BE STACKED
BY STEPPING BACK THE LAYERS AND CROSS-KEYING THE
BAGS AT LEAST EVERY 10 BAGS HIGH.
 • 29 CFR 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for
construction
OSHA • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart E- Personal Protective
Equipment
REFERENCE • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart K – Electrical
S • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L – Scaffold
• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M – Fall Protection
• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P – Excavations
• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart T - Demolition
 HEALTH
AND • THE HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE IS A UK
GOVERNMENT AGENCY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
SAFETY ENCOURAGEMENT, REGULATION AND
ENFORCEMENT OF WORKPLACE HEALTH, SAFETY
EXECUTIVE AND WELFARE, AND FOR RESEARCH INTO
OCCUPATIONAL RISKS IN GREAT BRITAIN.
(HSE) • HTTPS://WWW.HSE.GOV.UK
 • HSE publishes guidance (in the form of leaflets,
APPROVED books and on its webpages) and Approved Codes of
Practice (ACOPs).
CODE OF • ACOPs describe preferred or recommended methods
that can be used (or standards to be met) to comply
PRACTICE with regulations and the duties imposed by the Health
and Safety at Work etc Act.
(ACOPs) • Each ACOP is approved by the Health and Safety
Executive, with the consent of the Secretary of State.
• The Code has a special legal status.
 • Site clearing
• Removal of trees
TYPICAL • General excavation
CONSTRUCTIO • Grading general area
• Excavation for utility trenches
N SITE
• Placing formwork and reinforcement for
ACTIVITIES concrete
• Installing sewer lines
• Installing other utilities
• Pouring concrete
 • Mixing risks: Concrete dust can cause
breathing problems. Concrete is composed of
small pieces of stone, called aggregate.
When these stones are mixed with cement,
the tiny particles of aggregate dust can be
HAZARD OF dispersed into the air and inhaled.
CONCRETE • Pouring risks: Concrete can be slippery until
it dries. If any bit of the wet mixture gets on
POURING a worker’s boots or the ground, it can cause
the worker to slip and fall. Furthermore, the
alkaline properties of wet cement can be
caustic. If the cement splashes on the skin
and isn’t removed quickly, the chemicals in
the mixture can lead to third-degree burns.
 • Drying risks: Concrete slabs weigh a lot and are
at risk for tipping, shifting, and falling on those
around them. In some cases failure of scaffolding
could occur and cause fatalities and/or injuries.
HAZARD OF • Common concrete pouring associated
accidents:
CONCRETE • Workers falling onto concrete slabs.
POURING • Workers being impaled on rebar sticking out of
concrete slabs.
• Workers being burned or blinded by concrete
chemicals.
• Workers suffering heatstroke while cleaning
truck mixer drums.
 12

Materials
Handling

Including Storage, Use and Disposal

Overview: Handling &
Storing
•Involves diverse operations:

•Manual material handling

• Carrying bags or materials
• Unpacking materials

•Material handling via machine

• Forklift
• Crane
• Rigging

13
 Injuries
•Lifting objects is a major cause of back injuries
in the work place.
•Improper storing and handling of material and
equipment can cause struck by and crushed by
injuries.

14
 Hazards

•Improper manual lifting or carrying loads that are too

large or heavy.

•Being struck by materials or being caught in pinch

points.

•Crushed by machines, falling materials or improperly

stored materials.

•Incorrectly cutting ties or securing devices.

15
 Manual Handling
•Seek help when:
•A load is too bulky to properly grasp or
lift.
•You can’t safely handle the load.
•Attach handles to loads to reduce the
chances of getting fingers smashed.

16
Safe Lifting
Manual Handling
Break load into parts.
Get help with heavy or bulky items.
Lift with legs, keep back straight, do not twist.
Use handling aids-such as steps, trestles,
shoulder pads, handles and wheels.
Avoid lifting above shoulder level.

PPT-110-01 17
What should be taught:

How to lift safely.

How to avoid unnecessary physical stress
and strain.
What you can comfortably handle
without undue strain.
Proper use of equipment.
Recognizing potential hazards and how to
prevent and correct them.

PPT-110-01 18
Personal Protective
Equipment
•For loads with sharp or rough edges,
wear gloves or other hand and
forearm protection.

•When loads are heavy or bulk, wear

steel-toed safety shoes to prevent foot
injuries if the load is dropped.
19
Materials Handling
Equipment

•Employees must be trained in the

proper use and limitations of the
equipment they operate.

•This includes knowing how to

effectively use equipment such as
forklifts, cranes, and slings.

20
Forklifts
•Center the load on the forks and as
close to the mast as possible to
minimize the potential for the truck
tipping or load falling.

•Overloading a lift truck makes it hard

to control and could make it tip over.

•Place the load at the lowest position

for traveling.

•Don’t place extra weight on the rear

of a counterbalanced forklift to allow
an overload. 21
Operating Forklifts
Safely
•Keep arms and legs inside the truck

•Handle only stable loads

•Keep speed low - you may have to stop

•Be careful when making sharp turns with a raised load

•If a load blocks your view, travel in reverse

•No riders, unless there’s an approved seat

•Don’t drive with forks raised

•Wear safety belts or other restraint devices 22

Powered Industrial Truck Training

• Trainees must be supervised by a competent

person and not endanger others Formal
instruction.
• Practical training.
• Evaluation of performance.

23
Dock Boards (Bridge
plates)

•Dock boards must have handholds, or

other effective means for safe handling.

24
Earthmoving Equipment
•Scrapers, loaders, crawler or wheel
tractors, bulldozers, off-highway trucks,
graders, tractors.

•Provide seat belts.

•Equipment with an obstructed rear view

can’t be used in reverse unless the
equipment has a signal alarm.

25
Cranes

•Check the load chart in the cab.

•Frequently inspect.

•Never lift people.

•Check overhead power lines.

•Ensure area of travel is clear.

26
 Rigging Equipment Slings

Types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain,
wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and
synthetic web.

Chain Wire Rope Metal mesh Synthetic

PPT-110-01 27
Sling Inspection

• Inspect slings:
• Each day before use
• Where service conditions warrant
• Remove them from service if
damaged or defective

28
Remove From
Service
Immediately remove damaged or
defective slings from service.

29
Alloy Steel Chains
•Adapts to shape of the load.

•Can damage by sudden shocks.

•Best choice for hoisting very hot

materials.

•Must have an affixed tag stating size,

grade, rated capacity, and sling
manufacturer.
30
Markings: Alloy Steel Chain

It must be marked with grade or manufacturer’s mark

PPT-110-01 31
Alloy Steel Chain
Attachments

•Rated Capacity.

•Hooks, rings, oblong links, or other

attachments, when used with alloy steel
chains, must have a rated capacity at least
equal to that of the chain.

32
 Unsuitable Attachments

For Ally Steel Chain

Right Wrong

Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners,

formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such
attachments, can’t be used

PPT-110-01 33
Chain Wear

When a chain shows

excessive wear, or is
cracked or pitted, remove
it from service

Non-alloy repair links can

not be used

34
 Wire Rope Slings

Used to hoist materials

Selection considerations:
• Strength
• Ability to bend without cracking
• Ability to withstand abrasive wear

PPT-110-01 35
Wire Rope Slings: Eye Splices

Eye splices made in any wire rope must have at least three (3)
full tucks

PPT-110-01 36
Protruding Ends

Cover or blunt protruding ends of strands

PPT-110-01 37
 Wire Rope Clips

When using U-bolt wire rope clips

to form eyes, ensure the "U" section
is in contact with the dead end of
the rope

Dead End

This is the correct method

PPT-110-01 38
Lubrication

Regularly lubricate ropes and chains

39
 Wire Rope Slings
Remove From Service if these happen,

Bird Caging Kinking

Crushing
PPT-110-01 40
Synthetic Web Sling
Markings

• Mark or code to show:

• Name or trademark of manufacturer

• Rated capacities for the type of hitch
• Type of material

41
Synthetic Web Slings Fittings

•Fittings must be:

• At least as strong as that of the sling

• Free of sharp edges that could damage the webbing

42
 Synthetic Web Sling Stitching

Stitching

Stitching is the only method allowed to attach end fittings to webbing or

to form eyes

PPT-110-01 43
 Synthetic Web Slings

Remove From Service if any of these

are present:

 Acid or caustic burns

 Melting or charring of any part
 Snags, punctures, tears or cuts
 Broken or worn stitches
 Distortion of fittings

Heat Damage

44
 Storing Materials

•Secure materials stored in tiers by stacking,

racking, blocking, or interlocking to prevent
them from falling.

•Post safe load limits of floors.

•Keep aisles and passageways clear.

45
Storing Materials

Don’t store incompatible materials

together

In buildings under construction, don’t

place stored materials within 6 feet of
a hoist way or floor opening
46
Fall Protection
Employees who work on stored
materials in silos, hoppers, or tanks,
must be equipped with lifelines and
harnesses

47
 Brick Storage

•Stack bricks in a manner that will keep

them from falling

•Do not stack them more than 7 feet high

•Taper back a loose brick stack after it is 4

feet high

48
 Lumber

• Remove nails before stacking

• Stack on sills

• Stack lumber so that it is stable and self supporting

49
Housekeeping

Keep storage areas free from

accumulated materials that cause
tripping, fires, or explosions, or
that may contribute to harboring
rats and pests

50
 Disposal of Waste Materials

Use an enclosed chute when you drop

material more than 20 feet outside of a
building

If you drop debris through holes in the floor

without chutes, enclose the drop area with
barricades

PPT-110-01 51
Disposal of
Scrap &
Flammables
Remove all scrap lumber, waste material,
and rubbish from the immediate work area
as work progresses

Keep all solvent waste, oily rags, and

flammable liquids in fire resistant covered
containers until removed from worksite

52
Disposal: Demolition
Materials

•Removal of materials through floor

openings

•Floors weakened or made unsafe by

demolition must be shored so they
can safely carry the demolition load

53
 •Manually handling materials:
• When lifting objects, lift with your legs, keep
your back straight, do not twist, and use
handling aids

•Using cranes, forklifts, and slings to move

Summary materials:
• Watch for potential struck by and crushed by
dangers
• For slings, check their load capacity, inspect
them, and remove them from service when
they display signs of stress or wear

54
Summary

•Also –

• Keep work areas free from

debris and materials
• Store materials safely to avoid
struck by/crushed by hazards

55
Questions

PPT-110-01 56