PRE-TEST

LESSON 2: Various Elements, Techniques, and

Literary Devices in Specific
Forms of Poetry
Directions: Read the statements
carefully. Identify what is being
defined in each number. Choose
the letter of the correct answer
and write your answers on your
answer sheet.
1. A third person point of view
where the narrator knows about
one character only including his/her
actions, thoughts and feelings is
called __.
a. limited omniscient b. omniscient

c. objective d. innocent eyes

2. A character, an action, a setting, or
an object representing something
else can be a symbol. Most often, the
symbol in a story is an object that
represents its owner’s character or
situation, or both is called __.
a. theme b. moral
c. irony d. symbolism
3. The repetition of elements with
significant importance in the story
which helps the story on producing
other narrative (or literary) aspects
such as theme or mood.
a. mood b. irony
c. motif d. moral
4. A literary or linguistic technique
that produces a specific effect, esp.
a figure of speech, narrative style,
or plot mechanism is __.
a. Literary device b. Figure of
speech
c. element d. diction
5. Repeating a single
word, line, or group of
lines
a. Imagery b. Repetition
c. Meter d. Form
6. It is the meaning of the
poem, the main idea that
the poet is trying to
communicate.
a. theme b. moral
c. context d. tone
7. The feeling that the poet
creates and that the reader
senses through the poet’s
choice of words, rhythm, rhyme,
style and structure is called __.
a. theme b. moral
c. context d. tone
8. It is the systematic regularity in
rhythm; this systematic rhythm (or
sound pattern) is usually identified
by examining the type of "foot" and
the number of feet.
a. meter b. rhythm
c. POV d. tone
9. It is the repetition of entire
lines or phrases to emphasize
key thematic ideas.
a. refrain b. rhyme
c. tone d. theme
10.It is a poetic foot that has
a pattern of weak syllable
followed by strong syllable
with five pairs.
a. iamb b. dactyl
c. anapest d. trochee
10.It is a poetic foot that has
a pattern of weak syllable
followed by strong syllable
with five pairs.
a. iamb b. dactyl
c. anapest d. trochee
1. A third person point of view
where the narrator knows about
one character only including his/her
actions, thoughts and feelings is
called __.
a. limited omniscient b. omniscient

c. objective d. innocent eyes

2. A character, an action, a setting, or
an object representing something
else can be a symbol. Most often, the
symbol in a story is an object that
represents its owner’s character or
situation, or both is called __.
a. theme b. moral
c. irony d. symbolism
3. The repetition of elements with
significant importance in the story
which helps the story on producing
other narrative (or literary) aspects
such as theme or mood.
a. mood b. irony
c. motif d. moral
4. A literary or linguistic technique
that produces a specific effect, esp.
a figure of speech, narrative style,
or plot mechanism is __.
a. Literary device b. Figure of
speech
c. element d. diction
5. Repeating a single
word, line, or group of
lines
a. Imagery b. Repetition
c. Meter d. Form
6. It is the meaning of the
poem, the main idea that
the poet is trying to
communicate.
a. theme b. moral
c. context d. tone
7. The feeling that the poet
creates and that the reader
senses through the poet’s
choice of words, rhythm, rhyme,
style and structure is called __.
a. theme b. moral
c. context d. tone
8. It is the systematic regularity in
rhythm; this systematic rhythm (or
sound pattern) is usually identified
by examining the type of "foot" and
the number of feet.
a. meter b. rhythm
c. POV d. tone
9. It is the repetition of entire
lines or phrases to emphasize
key thematic ideas.
a. refrain b. rhyme
c. tone d. theme
ARRANGE TO KNOW
LEARNING TASK 1
Directions: Arrange the
jumbled letter to identify the
words that are relevant to our
topic. Definitions will help you
to determine the hidden
words. Write your answers on
your answer sheet.
 TSEEUQCNHI
- a way of carrying out a
task, especially the
execution or performance
of an artistic work or a
scientific procedure
 YTOPER
- A literary work in which
special intensity is given to
the expression of feelings
and ideas using distinctive
style and rhythm
 MOFR
- The physical structure and
system of a poem
 NMLEEET
- A part or aspect of
something abstract,
especially one that is
essential or characteristic
 AOTDRTAIINL
- A synonym of
conventional
 POETRY…
How do you feel about it?
Why do you feel that
way?
Do you like it? Why or
Why not?
 Click icon to add picture
I’m Nobody!
Who are you?

Author of the
poem
I’m Nobody! Who are you?
I’m nobody! Who are you?
Are you – Nobody – too?
Then there’s a pair of us!
Don’t tell! They’d advertise – you know!

How dreary – to be – Somebody!

How public – like a Frog –
To tell one’s name – the livelong June-
To an admiring Bog!
Write down any parts of
the poem you “notice” or
think are interesting or
you just simply like.
I’m Nobody! Who are you?
I’m nobody! Who are you?
Are you – Nobody – too?
Then there’s a pair of us!
Don’t tell! They’d advertise – you know!

How dreary – to be – Somebody!

How public – like a Frog –
To tell one’s name – the livelong June-
To an admiring Bog!
 Question:

1. What do you notice

about the word choice
the writer makes?
 Question:

2. Who is
talking?
 Question:

3. What do you notice

about the use of
metaphor or simile?
 Question:

4. Look at the structure

of the poem. What kind
of pattern do you notice
in the poem?
 Question:

5. What might the

title of the poem
mean?
 Lesson 2:
Various Elements,
Techniques, and
Literary Devices in
Specific Forms of Poetry
After going through
this lesson, you are
expected to:
1. identify the various
elements, techniques,
and literary devices in
specific forms of
poetry
2. appreciate some literary
pieces which used various
identify the various
elements, techniques, and
literary devices.
WHAT IS
POETRY?
 Poetry is a form of literature
which allows the writers who
called to be “poets” to express
their thoughts, feelings,
emotions, ideas about a
particular theme or topic.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF POETRY
1. It expresses
creative thoughts in
much briefer way
than a short story or
novel.
2.It has musical
quality.
3.It has structure.
4.It used to
express intense
personal emotions
and experiences.
5. The content of a poem
shows the universal
truth and connotes a
deeper meaning.
6. It does not
use everyday
language.
7. It uses elements
such as rhythm,
imagery, verse and
meter, and poetic
devices
ELEMENTS OF
POETRY
 1. THEME

- is the lesson about

life or statement about
human nature that the
poem expresses.
 1. THEME

- the overarching
abstract idea or ideas
being examined in the
poem.
 1. THEME

- related to the
concept of a
moral, or lesson
 PRESENTATION OF THEMES

1. the feelings of the

main character about
the subject written
about
 PRESENTATION OF THEMES

2. through the
thoughts and
conversations of
different characters
 PRESENTATION OF THEMES

3. the experiences of
the main character in
the course of a literary
work
 PRESENTATION OF THEMES

4. the actions and

events taking
place in a narrative
 FUNCTIONS OF THEMES

1. binds together
various other
essential elements of
a poem
 FUNCTIONS OF THEMES

2. is a truth that
exhibits universality
and stands true for
people of all cultures
 FUNCTIONS OF THEMES

3. gives readers better

understanding of the main
character’s conflicts,
experiences, discoveries, and
emotions
 FUNCTIONS OF THEMES

4. gives readers an
insight into how the
world works or human
life can be viewed
 THEME VS. SUBJECT

A poem’s subject is the

topic of the poem, or
what the poem is
about
 THEME VS. SUBJECT

The theme is an idea that

the poem expresses
about the subject or uses
the subject to explore
 EXAMPLE

In “I’m Nobody, How

About You”, what do
you think are the
subject and theme?
 EXAMPLE

The subjects are

the “Nobody” and
“Somebody”.
 EXAMPLE

The theme could be:

1. Anonymity is
preferable to fame or
public recognition.
 EXAMPLE

The theme could be:

2. Nobodies can stick together and
revel in their anonymity., but it’s
more difficult to find companionship
and an equal when you’re in the
public eye.
 2. TONE

- it suggests two attitudes:

one concerning the people
you’re addressing (your
audience)
 2. TONE

- and the other

concerning the thing
you’re talking about
(your subject).
 2. TONE

- can also mean the

general emotional
weather of the poem.
 2. TONE

- the attitude
expressed in a poem
that a reader sees
and feels
 2. TONE

- the writer’s
attitude toward the
subject or audience
EXAMPLE
nostalgic
regretful
joyful
envious
persuasive
dry
playful
assertive
pessimistic
EXAMPLE
inspirational
sympathetic
ironic
conflicted
fearful
reverent
nervous
anticipating
derisive
A. STRUCTURE
 FORM

- the appearance of
the words on the page
of the reference.
 FORM

may be different nowadays

since layout artist may simply
adjust and create the desired
form of poem.
 Poetic Line or Line

- a group of words
that form a single
line of poetry
 EXAMPLE

Don’t tell! They’d advertise – you know!

Is a poetic line from the poem “I’m Nobody, Who Are You?”
 METER

- a pattern of
stressed and
unstressed syllables
 METER

happens when the stressed

/ ´/and unstressed / ˘/ syllables
of the words in a poem are
arranged in a repeating
pattern
 METER

when poets write, they need

to count out the number of
stressed (strong) syllables and
unstressed (weak) syllables
for each line.
 METER

They repeat the

pattern throughout
the poem.
 EXAMPLE

Shall I /compare /thee to /a sum/mer’s day?

Thou art/ more love/ly and /more tem/perate.

 FOOT

- a unit of
meter
 FOOT

- can have two or

three syllables.
 TYPE OF FEET

- determined by the
arrangement of
stressed and unstressed
syllables.
 TYPE OF FEET

1. iamb (iambic)
unstressed-
stressed
 TYPE OF FEET

1. iamb (iambic) unstressed-

stressed, duh-DUH, as in…
 TYPE OF FEET

2. trochee (adjective form,

trochaic) stressed-
unstressed, DUH-duh, as
in, Pizza.
 TYPE OF FEET

3. anapest (anapestic)
unstressed-unstressed-
stressed, duh-duh-DUH, as
in, Get away!
 TYPE OF FEET

4. dactyl (dactylic)
stressed-unstressed-
unstressed, DUH-duh-duh,
as in , Honestly
 Kinds of Metrical Lines/Numbers of Feet

To build a line of verse, poets

can string together one of these
types of feet, such repetitions
are named like these:
 Kinds of Metrical Lines/Numbers of Feet

monometer = one foot on a line

dimeter = two feet on a line
trimeter = three feet on a line
tetrameter = four feet on a line
 Kinds of Metrical Lines/Numbers of Feet

pentameter = five feet on a line

hexameter = six feet on a line
heptameter = seven feet on a line
octometer = eight feet on a line
 STANZA

- a section of a poem
named for the number
of lines it contains.
 Kinds of Stanza

Couplet = a two line stanza

Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza
Quatrain = a four line stanza – This
is the usual kind of stanza
 Kinds of Stanza

Quintet = a five line stanza

Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza
Septet = a seven line stanza
Octave = an eight line stanza
 ENJAMBMENT

- when there is no written or

natural pause at the end of a
poetic line, so that the word-
flow carries over to the next
line.
 ENJAMBMENT

Let me not to the marriage of true minds

Admit impediments. Love is not love
That alters when it alteration finds
Or bends with the remover to remove:
Shakespeare's "Sonnet 116"
 ENJAMBMENT

- affects the forms

of the poem on a
page.
 ENJAMBMENT

- can create certain

form relevant to a
poem’s content.
 VERSE

- can be seen within poetry

or inside a poem and also
even within the types of
poems. 
 VERSE

- a line in traditional
poetry that is written in
meter.
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

1.Traditional Form
With rhyme and with
meter
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

2. Free Verse
has no set meter;
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

2.Free Verse
that is to say there is no rhyming
scheme present, and the poem doesn’t
follow a set pattern.
 EXAMPLE OF FREE VERSE
“After the Sea-Ship—after the whistling winds;
After the white-gray sails, taut to their spars and ropes,
Below, a myriad, myriad waves, hastening, lifting up their necks,
Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track of the ship:
Waves of the ocean, bubbling and gurgling, blithely prying,
Waves, undulating waves—liquid, uneven, emulous waves,
Toward that whirling current, laughing and buoyant, with curves,
Where the great Vessel, sailing and tacking, displaced the
surface…”
After the Sea-Ship (By Walt Whitman)
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

3. Blank Verse
no rhyming effect present
in a blank verse
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

3.Blank Verse
has an iambic pentameter
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

3. Blank Verse
usually employed for presenting
passionate events, and to create an
impact on the reader.
 2 TYPES OF VERSE

2. Blank Verse
Shakespeare was an
ardent user of blank verse.
 EXAMPLE OF BLANK VERSE
• To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them. To die—to sleep,
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to: ’tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;
To sleep, perchance to dream—ay, there’s the rub:
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause—there’s the respect
That makes calamity of so long life…
William Shakespeare, ‘To be or not to be’ from Hamlet
B. SOUND
 RHYTHYM

- the basic beat in

a line of a poem.
 RHYTHYM

- can be created by
meter, rhyme,
alliteration, and refrain.
 RHYTHYM

“Whose woods these

are, I think I know”
the first line from “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost
 RHYTHYM

Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright

In the forest of the night.
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
“The Tyger” by William Blake
 RHYTHYM

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
“Stopping by the Woods in Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost
 END RHYME

- has same or similar

sounds at the end of
words that finish different
lines.
 END RHYME

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
“Stopping by the Woods in Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost
 INTERNAL RHYME

- has same or similar

sounds within the words
on a line
 INTERNAL RHYME

When they said the

time to hide was mine,
- “The Rabbit” by Elizabeth Maddox Roberts
 RHYME SCHEME

- a pattern of rhyme in a
poem (usually end
rhyme but not always).
 EXAMPLE

A quatrain – a stanza of four lines in

which the second and fourth lines
rhyme – has the following rhyme
scheme: abcb
 EXAMPLE

A mighty creature is the germ, a

Though smaller than the pachyderm. a
His customary dwelling place b
Is deep within the human race. b
His childish pride he often pleases c
By giving people strange diseases. c
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? a
You probably contain a germ. a
 ASSONANCE

- the repetition of
vowel sounds within
words in a line.
 EXAMPLE

The children were nestled all snug in their beds

“A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement Clarke Moore:

 CONSONANCE

- the repetition of
consonant sounds
within words in a line.
 EXAMPLE

Your breath has time to straighten,

Your brain to bubble cool,
Deals one imperial thunderbolt
That scalps your naked soul.
Emily Dickinson’s “Poem 315” (1862)
 ALLITERATION

- the repetition of
consonant sounds at the
beginning of words.
 EXAMPLE

“Sarah Cynthia Sylvia

Stout would
not take the garbage out”
- By Shel Silverstein
 ONOMATOPOEIA

- words that sound like

their meaning
 EXAMPLE

buzz, swish,
hiss, gulp
 REFRAIN

- a line or stanza
repeated over and over
in a poem or song.
 EXAMPLE

Jingle Bells, jingle bells,

Jingle all the way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh!
 REPETITION

- sounds, words, or phrases

that are repeated to add
emphasis or create rhythm.
Parallelism is a form of
repetition.
 EXAMPLE

Beware the Jabberwock, my son!

The jaws that bite, the claws that
catch!
“Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll
 WORD PLAY

- to play with the sounds

and meanings of real or
invented words.
 EXAMPLE

Claptrap, bombast,
rodomontade,
Hogwash, jargon, and rant
“Synonyms” by Susan Moger