Introduction to

Cloud Computing

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 A cluster is a type of parallel or distributed processing system which consists of a
collection of interconnected standalone computers working together as a single
integrated computing resource. A computer node can be a single or multiprocessor
system PCs workstations with memory IO facilities and an operating system A cluster
generally refers to two or more computers nodes connected together in a single
cabinet or be physically separated and connected via a LAN An inter connected LAN
based cluster of computers can appear as a single system to users and applications
Such a system can provide a cost effective way to gain features and benefits fast and
Cluster reliable services that have historically been found only on more expensive proprietary
shared memory systems.
Computing
 Grid computing combines computers from multiple administrative domains to reach a
common goal, to solve a single task, and may then disappear just as quickly. It is
similar to the power grid. One of the main strategies of grid computing is to use
middleware to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers.
Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may also involve
the aggregation of large-scale cluster computing based systems. The size of a grid may
vary from small a network of computer workstations within a corporation to large
collaborations across many companies and networks
Grid
Computing
 Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction

Cloud
Computing
 S.No. Parameter Cluster Grid Cloud
1 Resource Handling Centralized Distributed Both

2 Scalability Complex Yes Yes

3 Reliability No Partial Full

4 Network Type Private Private Public/ Internet

5 Virtualization Partial Partial Full

8 Heterogeneity No Yes Yes

9 Security High Medium-High Low-High

10 Cost Very High High Low

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Cloud
Computin
g Models,
Resources,
Attributes

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 Shared Resources and Resource
Management:
Cloud uses a shared pool of resources.

Uses Internet techn. to offer scalable and elastic services.

Characteristi Resources are metered and users are charged accordingly.

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 Data
Storage:
The data storage strategy can increase reliability, as well as security, and can
lower communication costs.
Management:
The maintenance and security are operated by service providers.
Cloud The service providers can operate more efficiently due to specialisation
computing and centralisation.
Shared Resources and Resource
Characteristic Management:
-Cloud uses a shared pool of resources.
s -Uses Internet techn. to offer scalable and elastic services.
-The term “elastic computing” refers to the ability of dynamically and on-demand
acquiring computing resources and supporting a variable workload.
-Resources are metered and users are charged accordingly.
-It is more cost-effective due to resource-multiplexing.

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 1. Resources, such as CPU , storage, network
bandwidth, are shared.
2. When multiple applications share a system, their
peak demands for resources are not synchronized
thus, multiplexing leads to a higher resource
Cloud utilization.
Computing 3. Resources can be aggregated to support data-
intensive applications.
Advantag
4. Data sharing facilitates collaborative activities. Many
es applications require multiple types of analysis of shared data
sets and multiple decisions carried out by groups scattered
around the globe.

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 5. Eliminates the initial investment costs for a private
computing infrastructure and the maintenance and
operation costs.
6. Cost reduction: concentration of resources creates the
Cloud opportunity to pay as you go for computing.
Computing 7. Elasticity: the ability to accommodate workloads
with very large peak-to-average ratios.
Advantag
8. User convenience: virtualization allows users to operate
es in familiar environments rather than in idiosyncratic
ones.

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 Public Cloud
The infrastructure is made available to the general public or a
large industry group and is owned by the organization selling
cloud services.
Private Cloud
Types The infrastructure is operated solely for an organization.
Hybrid Cloud
of Composition of two or more Clouds (public, private, or
clouds community) as unique entities but bound by a standardised
technology that enables data and application portability.
Other types: e.g., Community/Federated Cloud
The infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a community that has shared concerns.

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 1. Availability of service: what happens when the service
provider cannot deliver?
2. Data confidentiality , a serious problem.
Challenges 3. Diversity of services, data organization, user interfaces available at
different service providers limit user mobility; once a customer is
for cloud hooked to one provider it is hard to move to another.
computing 4. Data transfer bottleneck; many applications are
data-intensive.
5. Performance unpredictability, one of the
consequences of resource sharing.
6. Resource management: It is a big challenge to manage different
workloads running on large data centers. Are self-organization and
self-management the solution?
7. Security and confidentiality: major concern for sensitive
applications, e.g., healthcare applications. 12
Cloud
Computin
g Services
Cloud
Computin
g (Service
Models)
 Service management and provisioning including
 Virtualization.
 Service provisioning.
 Call center.
 Operations management.
Cloud 

Systems management.
QoS management.
activities  Billing and accounting, asset
management.
 SLA management.
 Technical support and backups.

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 Security management including:
 ID and authentication.
 Certification and accreditation.
Cloud 

intervention prevention.
intervention detection.
activitie  Virus protection.
s  Cryptography.
 Physical security, incident response.
(cont’d  Access control, audit and trails, and
) firewalls.

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 Customer services such as:
Customer assistance and on-line
help.
Subscriptions.
Business intelligence.
Cloud Reporting.
activities Customer preferences.
(cont’d) Personalization.
Integration services including:
Data management.
Development.

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